Steve Leake oral history transcript

              INTERVIEW WITH STEVE LEAKE

BY ED LAMOTTE, AUGUST 3, 2004

MR. LAMOTTE: My name is Ed Lamotte. I am an interviewer in Region 1. And this is

August 3, 2004. Today I am interviewing Steve Leake who retired in 1992 with 31 plus

years in FWS. He graduated from the University of Wyoming and started with the FWS

in 1963. His last position was as the Project Leader of the Lower Columbia Fish Health

Center. Steve, why don’t you start out by telling us how you became involved with the

Service as a young man and what led you to your career?

MR. LEAKE: Well, I’ll start off from birth then; because that’s where everything

originated. I was born in 1935 in Jackson, Wyoming. The Elk Refuge is right there close

by in Jackson, so I was acquainted with Elk refuges. My granddaddy was involved in

getting the feeding program going on that refuge because of the photographs that he took

back in the early 1900’s. I graduated from High School there in Jackson in 1953. And I

went to work for a couple of years. Then I was drafted into the military and I spent two

in the Army and sixteen years in South Korea. When I came back I worked as a

roughneck for a while and decided that wasn’t a good career. So I quit that job and used

my GI Bill and went to school. I graduated from university in 1963. During the summer

months while in school I worked construction. I was hauling rock in a dump truck to the

spring there at the Jackson National Fish Hatchery when they were just constructing that

hatchery there on the refuge. I then put in my application for employment. The three

positions that I was offered where at the Pisgah Forest, in South Carolina, Walhalla, or

Chattahoochee in Georgia. I wound up going to Walhalla in South Carolina. We got there

in November of 1963. It was one or two days before President Kennedy was shot. So

that put my wife into shock. I was there from 1963 until January of 1965. The manager

there was John Harrington. He was originally from Leadville, Colorado. He was one of

the people on the Fish Cars. I suppose he was acquainted with Benny Cox and Arlee

Johnson who were all also on the Fish Cars back in the early days. The other fellows

there at the Hatchery were Jeeter Carter and Jerry Sanders and Jack Lombard. Laurie

Smiths was the Assistant Manager and I was the Manager Trainee. After the next

summer, I met Al Sanbaugh for the first time. We went to Selma, Alabama for a week of

safety training. The week after we left is when the riots started there in Selma. I suppose

King was involved in that. But anyway, we missed out on that. In January of 1965 I

was transferred to the Upper Hatchery at Pisgah National Forest. I replaced Al Sanbaugh

who went on to other duties. I guess he went on to training. I was there at the upper

hatchery until March of 1966, I guess. I transferred down to the lower hatchery, which is

about 10 miles closer to town. I can’t remember who the Assistant Manager was there,

but anyway, we had none because he transferred out. So Tony Cramer, George Williams

and I each took a week as being the Acting Assistant Manager there. George went to

Willow Beach in Arizona. Tony Cramer went to North Fork, Arkansas. That left me; so

they made me the Assistant Manager there. In 1967, they sent me to Hatchery Managers

training. It was the first year of operation at Spearfish, South Dakota. Prior to that, it

had always been at Courtland, New York. While we were there for ten months; I was

with Dodger Jackson, Jack Benning, Gene Forbes, David Goldthwaite and David

Freedenburg who came Massachusetts. Allen Blair was there too. Dave and Al both

came from Region 5. Jim Haber and I had both come up from Region 4. Dick Shock was

there too. He was from Region 3, I think. After the training was over I got the job with

Harlan Johnson as his assistant out here in Region 1 at the Little White Hatchery. He

was the Fisheries Biologist for that area. After I got out here during that summer of 1968

he told me when I arrived that I was supposed to go to Leetown. In August of 1968 my

wife and I went back to Leetown and I was there for ten months. While I was there, Dr.

Snescoe was still living. He was the Director of the Leetown facility. At that time they

called in the Eastern Fish Disease Lab. He staff consisted of Ken Wolfe, Dr. Glenn

Hoffman, Pete Bullock and Bob Putz and Ed Dunbar. Ed passed away that March when

I was there. Ed Dunbar was Pete Bullock’s father-in-law. We got to know him pretty

well before he passed on. I got back to Little White and I did my job there as Disease

Specialist for Harlan Johnson. Harlan at that time was still doing a lot of Fisheries

assistant work I supposed you’d call it; tagging fish mainly. I got a little bit involved

with that. In 1973 when they redid Spring Creek and made it into a larger facility they

had a marking program, which is still going on. But at the time they started it in 1973 we

started using wire tags in the snouts of the fish. The wire tags were coated so we could

tell what we had done to those fish. When they came back we could decode them and get

our information. In 1988 I think we moved the lab, which was then called the Lower

Columbia River Fish Health Center. We moved to the Spring Creek facility and used a

residence over there. In 1992 I retired, so I was only over there for four or five years.

When I was at Little White, the manager there was Jack Botle. Well, the first manager

was Ken Higgs, then Jack Botle. Jack has been Ken’s assistant. Another assistant there

was Ed Forner, if I’m not mistaken. That was just about the time that Ed Lamotte came

along. It was either there or at Spring Creek, I can’t remember which.

MR. LAMOTTE: I was at Little White for a little while.

MR. LEAKE: Then Ed Lamotte he went to some other place and Jack Manning came

and served as Jack Botle’s assistant there. The Willard Hatcheries was one of the

hatcheries that went to examine the fish. The first manager when I came there was Don

Karens. His assistant was Paul Hemrick. Hemrick went to Cuskee and Don retired I

think from Willard. I know one staff member there at Willard was Curt Presley. Marv

Setch moved down from Quilsene to Willard, but that was several years later. Then,

Gene Bower was at the Carson Hatchery when I first met him. That was another facility

where we examined their fish. Then he transferred to Willard. Don Karens was the

Manager at Carson, not the other place. That’s where he retired from. His assistant was

Don Zerjacks. Then Zerjacks went back east to Berlin. From Berlin he went to the

Regional Office and then back as Manager at Carson Hatchery. Eagle Creek was another

facility where we examined fish. The Manager there when I first started going over there

was Dick Begay. His staff was Dick Bryce and Pete Bushnell and Jim Rhodes. Mrs.

Davis was one of his Secretaries. In 1973 we started putting a recording thermometer

over at Warm Springs where the hatchery was going to be built. They completed that in

about 1973 or ’74. Gary White was the Manager at Warm Springs and we used to go to

Quilcene and Guinault to examine those fish. Gary White was the Manager at Guinault

that’s where I first met him. Percy Dodson was the Manger at Quilcene NFH. Dave

Housworthy was the Assistant there. I think he was the first Assistant that I had met up

there.

MR. LAMOTTE: During these time frames, what were some of the disease problems

that you encountered?

MR. LEAKE: The biggest problem was the salmon, the Steel Head especially, but the

salmon and kidney disease. It caused more losses than any of the other diseases. I don’t

know but maybe it still does. The diet influenced quite a but of the kidney disease. We’d

feed dry feed and we’d have less kidney disease sometimes it seemed like, that when we

fed wet feed. But then, there at one time we had gasbladder fungus caused by the dry

feed. That gave us some problems, but it was nothing like the kidney disease. Of course

the viruses that came along were also a problem. They didn’t do too much damage to the

salmon. I think the virus killed more eggs that it would kill fish. They did have problem

at the Devorzach Hatchery because of the virus. It really slaughtered the Steelhead there.

As I recall, it was IHN. I think they maybe even had IPN as well. After eleven or twelve

years you forget those diseases, and which were worse or which were better. When I first

started out here the Fish and Game Commission in the state of Washington and Oregon

didn’t have financing for disease biologists so I got involved in quite a few of the state fish

and game areas when I first came out here. I’d go to Goldendale and Elokamin and a few

other hatcheries and to a few over in Oregon. But then, the states came up to speed and

after four of five years they were able to take care of their own problems and we could get

on with our problems.

That just about sizes up my career. The reason that got into the FWS was, I

suppose, and I’m glad it did, because of my background. I grew up on Jackson Lake. My

folks had a lodge there. I was the official gutter of fish when the guides would bring their

fish in from the time I was about six or seven years old. Of course, they were all lake

trout. The bigger ones I didn’t get to clean because they were too big for me to handle but

I took care of all of the two and three pounders. So, that was an interesting period

growing up on Jackson Lake. Later on, after I finished school, in fact during summer

months when I was going to university, I guided there on Jackson Lake. We were

catching Lake Trout. My dad had a seining permit from the NPS at Teton. We’d seine

the little lakes there close to Jackson Lake for minnows to sell to the concessionaires in

the Park so they’d have something to fish with. So that’s just about the story of my

career.

MR. LAMOTTE: I noticed that you traveled around quite a bit. You had the good

fortune of going to two ten-month courses; one for Hatchery Managers and one for Fish

Disease Biologists. It seemed to me in my career too, that there were individuals who

went to those courses developed a kind of fraternity. They followed each other around a

lot and kept track of each other. Can you tell of some of the experiences that you might

have had at those places that have allowed you to become close knit with those

individuals?

MR. LEAKE: You keep tracks of people like that. Two of three of those people like

Jim Hammer, I hadn’t seen him for 25 years I guess, until I saw him at that Retirees

reunion that they had there at Spearfish a couple, three years ago that my wife and I

attended. You keep track of them, but it wasn’t really a club. The one person that I’ve

lost track of is Al Blair. I don’t know where he went. I think he was in Virginia that last

I heard. I can’t remember what hatchery it might have been. Maybe it was Elkins, West

Virginia. David Goldthwaite would up in the Regional Office in Region 5. Dick Shock

became the Manager at Genoa NFH. Gene Forbes finally became the Manager at

Coleman NFH. Don Zerjacks at Carson. Jack Manning was the Assistant at Little White

NFH.

MR. LAMOTTE: Did you have a favorite duty station that you really liked and wanted

to spend more time at?

MR. LEAKE: Yeah, Spring Creek! But it was time to retire!

MR. LAMOTTE: Is there any individual that you felt furthered your career and helped

you along more that any others?

MR. LEAKE: Yeah, John Herrington was one, there at Walhalla. He was a fine

gentleman. They had just constructed a new hatchery there at Whitfield, NC and so they

sent him to be the manager in August or September of 1964 I think. I wasn’t there but

about seven or eight months with him, but he was a real fine fellow. He used to tell me

stories about the fish cars when they would go along and had to pick the mortality out of

the buckets and they didn’t know what to do with the dead fish. They’d throw them out

the side of the train car. Of course it was in the wintertime and when they got to the next

station all of the dead fish are stuck on the side of the car! Another fellow was Harold

Fisher. He was the Manager at Pisgah Forest NFH when I first got there. He was

another real fine fellow. Here again, I was only under him for four or five months but he

went over to the Delhollow NFH to manage over there. There for a period of a couple or

three years I had four or five managers. I began to think it wasn’t very good for my

career, but it worked out all right. After John Herrington left a fellow by the name of Phil

Edwards came in. Then he went with USDA or some other group. After Harold Fisher

left Pisgah, Don Culverson came along. Before Fisher left, I think his assistant was

Warren Eubanks. Eubanks went to Paintbank, West Virginia. Another reason that I was

so found of John Herrington was because we had a trip every two weeks from Walhalla

up to Paintbank that first summer I was there to get fish to haul down to Cherokee, NC.

We’d haul these brook fish and put them in a stream down there. John would let me take

all of those trips because he knew I wasn’t making much money. That made the crew

mad. When I first got down there, it was interesting that the rent on those two bedroom

cottages with fireplaces was $5.00 a pay period. I was there for about two months and

they raised the rates to $15.00 a period. One of the wage earners who lived in the house

next to me had to move out because he couldn’t afford it. Most of time I was with

Hatcheries we always had housing. There was a house there at the one-man station. It

wasn’t much of a house but I remember that Jimmy Camper spent time there. He told me

about getting a skunk out from under the house. My wife and I went up to visit Al

Sandbaugh and Pat and they had their wiener dog in the bathtub with ketchup because had

been with a skunk down at the circle pond. There wasn’t any water in it. I wondered

what I was getting into when I got there! But it was a pretty good station! We had no

skunks, but I did have mink problems though, but I took care of those. We did have a rat

trying to come up into the kitchen. There was a pantry there and he was chewing a hole

and making it bigger to get up into the kitchen. I went over and turned the light on and he

disappeared. I said, “I’ll fix him!” I got my .22 pistol and waited until I heard him

chewing again. I slipped over there and turned the light on. I put the barrel of the pistol

into the hole and shot him! I heard him scurrying around, but that was the end of the rat.

That was quite a house! I don’t think Jimmy Camper was single when he was up there.

He was married to Betsy by then. When Al Sandbaugh was in there with a lot of other

bachelors. Al got married and those other guys had to move out. I don’t know what kind

of place Pat had to move into there! They had just put in a nice oil furnace when we

moved in there. John Herrington had done the same thing at Walhallah because the only

heat there was a fireplace. That made up feel right at home.

MR. LAMOTTE: Is there any part of your career that you consider a major

accomplishment or a high point that you are the most proud of?

MR. LEAKE: Yeah, I got through 29 years! And there were no major accidents, or major

embarrassments! I just survived.

MR. LAMOTTE: What would you like to say to young people who might listen to this

in the future about a career in the FWS? Is it something that they should pursue? What

words of wisdom would you give them?

MR. LEAKE: It’s a great career. And anyone who is inclined to work outside with the

resources, you can’t beat it. It’s so crowded with people who are trying to get into the

field that it can be very difficult. If you keep pursuing it and keep continuing your

education and have a little bit of luck you may fall into a pretty nice career. I know that

when I was working there, the field was so jammed with young people coming out of

school that we’d hire part time people who had Doctorate degrees to work for us. But

they kept with it, and now I am sure that most of them of good careers working with the

resources that they want to work with.

MR. LAMOTTE: You did a lot of traveling and moving your family during your career;

did they enjoy that moving? Did they enjoy your career as much as you enjoyed it?

MR. LEAKE: I don’t know if they enjoyed it as much as I did. In fact, I don’t know

how much I enjoyed it, but we did see a lot of country. When I was going to university,

our son was born in April of 1962. He had a lot of traveling. I think that benefited him in

regards to early education. I think he was two and a half or three when we got to

Walhalla. By the time we got to Spearfish he was in Kindergarten. By the time we got to

Leetown, WV he was in first grade. One of the teachers there remarked about how much

he knew about the geography of the country! We’d been all over God’s creation! I think

he enjoyed the moving around. It didn’t seem to bother him any. Our daughter Michelle

was born in March of 1969 in Martinsburg, WV. When we left to come back to

Washington, I decided that I wanted to go up through Nova Scotia and come through

Canada. I wanted to take a little shortcut coming back. Every night we were in a different

motel and we got to about Minnesota and we were laughing because the little girl was in a

different motel every night. Of course it didn’t bother her, because she was only three or

four months old. When we got to Little White, they both went to Malley. Jeff started

there in the second grade and graduated from there. He went on to Stephenson and

graduated. He then went to a trade school, and then he got his Electrical Engineering

degree from Bozeman. He went to work for Boeing. He told me that working fro Boeing

was a lot like working for the government; he said it was “just too darned big!” Two

years later he got a better job with a company that refurbished planes. Now he is in with

two other fellows and they have their own company doing the same thing; refurbishing

planes. In the last couple of years he’d been pulling his hair out; what left of it and

what’s not gray, worrying over a job they had which had to be coordinated with Boeing.

They were refurbishing Air Force 1 for the President’s fleet. That’s been quite a

headache, but I think they are beginning to finish that up now. My daughter went to

Cosmetology school and became a hairdresser. She lives in Portland right now. That’s

the story with my career and the kids and wife. The only situation that my wife really

didn’t care for was that one-man station at Pisgah Forest because the only people she saw

up there were a couple of people who would come up there to fish in Davidson River.

She likes company and likes to talk so that was tough on her. She weathered that year

and when we got to the Lower hatchery Betsy Camper was there with Jimmy; they were

our neighbors. Don Culverson and his wife, Jimmy and Betsy and us were all about the

same age; that helped quite a bit. She got involved with the Women’s Club in Brevard,

NC. She did all right in that location. We both enjoyed it down there. It was a good

experience but we were also glad to get back to the west coast.

MR. LAMOTTE: Well Steve, are there any last words that you’d like to say to those

who will listen to this?

MR. LEAKE: Yes, please hurry and get this transcribed! I want to be able to hear it and

read it.