2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Virginia

              U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Virginia
2006 National Survey
of Fishing, Hunting,
and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation
2006 National Survey of
Fishing, Hunting, and
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
FHW/06-VA
Issued May 2008
Virginia
U.S. Department of the Interior
Dirk Kempthorne,
Secretary
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
H. Dale Hall,
Director
U.S. Department of Commerce
Carlos M. Gutierrez,
Secretary
John J. Sullivan,
Deputy Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Cynthia A. Glassman,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Steve H. Murdock,
Director
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural
heritage; provides scientifi c and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi-bilities
or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affi liated Island Communities.
The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve,
protect, and enhance fi sh, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefi t of the American people.
The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including
administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide fi nan-cial
assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fi sh and wildlife resources and to assure
their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the
National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S.
Census Bureau. 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
H. Dale Hall,
Director
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration
Rowan Gould,
Assistant Director
U.S. Department of the Interior
Dirk Kempthorne,
Secretary
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Steve H. Murdock,
Director
Economics and Statistics
Administration
Cynthia A. Glassman,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia iii
Contents
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Survey Background and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Highlights
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Wildlife-Associated Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Wildlife Watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1996–2006 Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Tables
Guide to Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Fishing and Hunting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Wildlife-Watching Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
National Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Appendixes
A. Defi nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
B. 2005 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
C. Signifi cant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
iv 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Fishing and Hunting
1. Fishing and Hunting in Virginia by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Virginia by Type of Fishing
and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4. Virginia Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5. Virginia Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the
United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Virginia by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Virginia: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Virginia by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Virginia: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Virginia by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Virginia by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Virginia by Type of Game: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Virginia by Type of Land: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
15. Selected Characteristics of Virginia Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
16. Summary of Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
19. Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
20. Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Virginia for Fishing and Hunting by Virginia Residents
and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
22. Summary of Virginia Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside
Virginia: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Virginia Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Wildlife Watching
24. Wildlife Watching in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
Virginia: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or
Fed in Virginia: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
List of Tables
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia v
27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Virginia: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
28. Virginia Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Virginia by State Residents and
Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
30. Selected Characteristics of Virginia Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
31. Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife
Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Virginia for Wildlife Watching by Virginia Residents
and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Virginia by Virginia
Residents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Virginia Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
35. Participation of Virginia Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and
Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
36. Participation of Virginia Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
National Tables
37. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside
Their Resident State: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
39. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and
Nonresidents of the State: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
vi 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
I fi nd duck hunting with friends in
a bottomland hardwood swamp or
fi shing with my kids on an Oregon
river bolsters my spirit and reminds me
why I care about conservation and our
wildlife heritage.
But wildlife-associated and vital
recreation—activities such as hunting,
fi shing, and birding—also provide
signifi cant fi nancial support for wildlife
conservation in our Nation’s economy.
According to information from the
newest National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation, 87.5 million Americans
spent more than $122 billion in 2006
on wildlife-related recreation. And
this spending supports hundreds of
thousands of jobs in industries and
businesses.
The Survey is conducted every fi ve
years at the request of State fi sh and
wildlife agencies to measure the impor-tance
of wildlife-based recreation to the
American people. The 2006 Survey
represents the 11th in a series that
began in 1955. Developed in collabo-ration
with the States, the Association
of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and
national conservation organizations,
the Survey has become one of the most
important sources of information on
fi sh and wildlife-related recreation in
the United States.
In the 75-year history of the Sport Fish
and Wildlife Restoration Programs,
excise taxes on fi rearms, ammunition,
archery, and angling equipment have
generated a cumulative total of more
than $10 billion for wildlife conserva-tion
efforts by State and Territorial
wildlife agencies for fi sh and wildlife
management.
My thanks go to the men and women
who took time to participate in the
survey, as well as to the State fi sh and
wildlife agencies for their fi nancial
support through the Multistate Conser-vation
Grant Programs. Without that
support, the 2006 Survey would never
have been possible.
I am comforted to know that my chil-dren
and all Americans will have the
opportunity to appreciate our Nation’s
rich wildlife tradition. Along with
a record number of Americans, we
continue to enjoy wildlife. We are
laying the foundation for conservation’s
future.
H. Dale Hall
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Foreword
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia vii
Survey Background and Method
The National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting, and Wildlife-Asso ciated
Recreation (Survey) has been
conducted since 1955 and is one of
the oldest and most comprehensive
continuing recreation surveys. The
Survey collects information on the
number of anglers, hunters, and wild-life
watchers; how often they partici-pate;
and how much they spend on their
activities in the United States.
Preparations for the 2006 Survey began
in 2004 when the Association of Fish
and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) recom-mended
that the Fish and Wildlife
Service conduct the 11th Survey of
wildlife-related recreation. Funding
came from the Multistate Conservation
Grant Programs, authorized by Sport
Fish and Wildlife Restoration Acts, as
amended.
We consulted with State and Federal
agencies and nongovernmental
o rganizations such as the Wildlife
Management Institute and American
Sportfi shing Association to determine
survey content. Other sportsper-sons’
organizations and conservation
groups, industry representatives, and
researchers also provided valuable
advice.
Four regional technical committees
were set up under the auspices of the
AFWA to ensure that State fi sh and
wildlife agencies had an opportunity to
participate in all phases of survey plan-ning
and design. The committees were
made up of agency representatives.
Data collection for the Survey was
carried out by the U.S. Census Bureau
in two phases. The fi rst phase was the
screen which began in April 2006.
During this phase, the Census Bureau
interviewed a sample of 85,000 house-holds
nationwide to determine who
in the household had fi shed, hunted,
or wildlife watched in 2005, and who
had engaged or planned to engage
in those activities in 2006. In most
cases, one adult household member
provided information for all members.
The screen primarily covered 2005
activities while the next, more in-depth
phase covered 2006 activities. For
more information on 2005 data, refer to
Appendix B.
The second phase of data collection
consisted of three detailed inter-view
waves. The fi rst began in April
2006 concurrent with the screen, the
second in September 2006, and the
last in January 2007. Interviews were
conducted with samples of likely
anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers
who were identifi ed in the initial
screening phase. Interviews were
conducted primarily by phone, with
in-person interviews for respondents
who could not be reached by phone.
Respondents in the second survey
phase were limited to those who were
at least 16 years old. Each respondent
provided information pertaining only to
his or her activities and expenditures.
Sample sizes were designed to provide
statistically reliable results at the state
level. Information on sampling proce-dures,
sample sizes, and response rates
is found in Appendix D.
Comparability With Previous
Surveys
The 2006 Survey questions and meth-odology
were similar to those used
in the 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys.
Therefore, the estimates are compa-rable.
The methodology of these Surveys
did differ importantly from the 1985
and 1980 Surveys, so these estimates
are not directly comparable to those
of earlier surveys. Changes in meth-odology
included reducing the recall
period over which respondents had to
report their activities and expenditures.
Previous Surveys used a 12-month
recall period, which resulted in greater
reporting bias. Research found that the
amount of activity and expenditures
reported in 12-month recall surveys
was overestimated in comparison
with that reported using shorter recall
periods.
Highlights
2 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Introduction
The National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation reports results from inter-views
with U.S. residents about their
fi shing, hunting, and wildlife watching.
This report focuses on 2006 participa-tion
and expenditures of persons 16
years of age and older.
The Survey is a snapshot of one year.
The information it collected tells us
how many people participated and
how much they spent on their activi-ties
in the State in 2006. It does not
tell us how many anglers, hunters, and
wildlife watchers there were because
many do not participate every year.
For example, based on information
collected by the Survey’s household
screen and detailed phase, we can
estimate that about 33 percent more
anglers and hunters participated nation-ally
in at least 1 of the 4 years prior to
the survey year 2006.
In addition to 2006 estimates, we also
provide trend information in the High-lights
section and Appendix C of the
report. The 2006 numbers reported can
be compared with those in the 1991,
1996, and 2001 Survey reports because
they used similar methodologies. The
2006 estimates should not be directly
compared with results from Surveys
conducted earlier than 1991 because
of changes in methodology to improve
accuracy.
The report also provides information
on participation in wildlife recreation
in 2005, particularly of persons 6 to 15
years of age. The 2005 information is
provided in Appendix B. Information
about the Survey’s scope and coverage
is in Appendix D. The remainder of this
section defi nes important terms used in
the Survey.
This report does not provide infor-mation
about the State’s wildlife
resources. That, and additional infor-mation
on wildlife-related recreation,
may be obtained from State fi sh and
wildlife agencies. The Association of
Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide
the addresses and telephone numbers of
those agencies. The Association’s Web
site is <www.fi shwildlife.org>.
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Wildlife-associated recreation is
fi shing, hunting, and wildlife-watching
activities. These categories are not
mutually exclusive because many indi-viduals
participated in more than one
activity. Wildlife-associated recreation
is reported in two major categories: (1)
fi shing and hunting and (2) wildlife
watching, which includes observing,
photographing, and feeding fi sh or
wildlife.
Fishing and Hunting
This Survey reports information about
residents of the United States who
fi shed or hunted in 2006, regardless of
whether they were licensed. The fi shing
and hunting sections report information
for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2)
anglers, and (3) hunters.
Sportspersons
Sportspersons are those who fi shed
or hunted. Individuals who fi shed
or hunted commercially in 2006 are
reported as sportspersons only if they
also fi shed or hunted for recreation.
The sportspersons group is composed
of three subgroups, as shown in the
diagram on this page: (1) those that
fi shed and hunted, (2) those that only
fi shed, and (3) those that only hunted.
The total number of sportspersons is
equal to the sum of people who only
fi shed, only hunted, and both hunted
and fi shed. It is not the sum of all
anglers and all hunters because those
people who both fi shed and hunted are
included in both the angler and hunter
population and would be incorrectly
counted twice.
Anglers
Anglers are sportspersons who only
fi shed plus those who fi shed and
hunted. Anglers include not only
licensed hook and line anglers, but
also those who have no license and
those who use special methods such as
fi shing with spears.
Three types of fi shing are reported: (1)
freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes,
(2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater.
Since many anglers participated in
more than one type of fi shing, the total
number of anglers is less than the sum
of the three types of fi shing.
Hunters
Hunters are sportspersons who only
hunted plus those who hunted and
fi shed. Hunters include not only
licensed hunters using rifl es and shot-guns
but also those who had no license
and those who hunted with a bow and
arrow, primitive fi rearm, or pistol or
handgun.
Sportspersons
Anglers Hunters
Fished
only
Fished
and
hunted
Hunted
only
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 3
Four types of hunting are reported: (1)
big game, (2) small game, (3) migra-tory
bird, and (4) other animals. Since
many hunters participated in more than
one type of hunting, the sum of hunters
for big game, small game, migratory
bird, and other animals exceeds the
total number of hunters.
Wildlife Watchers
Since 1980, the National Survey has
included information on wildlife-watching
activities in addition to
fi shing and hunting. The 1991, 1996,
2001, and 2006 Surveys, unlike the
1980 and 1985 Surveys, collected data
only for activities where the primary
purpose was wildlife watching. The
1980 and 1985 Surveys included esti-mates
of unplanned wildlife watching
around the home and while on trips
taken for another purpose.
The 2006 Survey uses a strict defi ni-tion
of wildlife watching. Participants
must either take a “special interest”
in w ildlife around their homes or take
a trip for the “primary purpose” of
wildlife watching. Secondary wild-life
watching, such as incidentally
observing wildlife while pleasure
driving, is not included.
Two types of wildlife watching
are reported: (1) away-from-home
(formerly nonresidential) activities and
(2) around-the-home (formerly residen-tial)
activities. Because some people
participated in more than one type of
wildlife watching, the sum of partici-pants
in each type will be greater than
the total number of wildlife watchers.
The two types of wildlife-watching
activity are explained next.
Away-From-Home Wildlife
Watching
This group includes persons who
took trips or outings of at least 1 mile
from home for the primary purpose of
observing, feeding, or photographing
fi sh and wildlife. Trips to fi sh, hunt,
or scout and trips to zoos, circuses,
aq uariums, and museums are not
considered wildlife-watching activities.
Around-the-Home Wildlife
Watching
This group includes those who
participated within 1 mile of home and
involves one or more of the following:
(1) closely observing or trying to iden-tify
birds or other wildlife; (2) photo-graphing
wildlife; (3) feeding birds or
other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural
areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefi t
to wildlife is the primary concern; (5)
maintaining plantings (shrubs, agri-cultural
crops, etc.) where benefi t to
wildlife is the primary concern; or (6)
visiting public parks within 1 mile
of home for the primary purpose of
observing, feeding, or photographing
wildlife.
4 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
2006 Virginia Summary
Fishing
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858,000
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,629,000
Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $733,777,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $395,264,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $338,513,000
Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $851
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $41
Hunting
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413,000
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,771,000
Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $480,802,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $124,862,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $355,940,000
Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,148
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . 2,312,000
Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 728,000
Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . 2,082,000
Days of participation away from home . . . . . 5,745,000
Average days of participation
away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $960,190,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $248,021,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $712,169,000
Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $307
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $43
Activities in Virginia by Residents
and Nonresidents Activities in Virginia by Nonresidents
Fishing
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218,000
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,033,000
Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $252,803,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $88,308,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $164,495,000
Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,160
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $85
Hunting
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,000
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491,000
Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,025,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17,416,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,609,000
Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $502
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . 186,000
Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 186,000
Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X)
Days of participation away from home . . . . 1,250,000
Average days of participation
away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $428,753,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $171,311,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $257,442,000
Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,001
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $137
(X) Not applicable.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 5
Activities in Virginia by Residents
Fishing
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640,000
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,596,000
Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $480,974,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $306,956,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $174,018,000
Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $752
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $36
Hunting
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353,000
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,280,000
Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $450,777,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $107,446,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $343,331,000
Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,276
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . 2,126,000
Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 542,000
Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . 2,082,000
Days of participation away from home . . . . . 4,495,000
Average days of participation
away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $531,437,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $76,710,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $454,727,000
Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $250
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17
Activities by Virginia Residents Both Inside
and Outside Virginia
Fishing
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731,000
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,932,000
Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $669,565,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $439,960,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $229,605,000
Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $916
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $44
Hunting
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360,000
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,649,000
Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $493,125,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $131,859,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $361,266,000
Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,370
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . 2,126,000
Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 603,000
Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . 2,082,000
Days of participation away from home . . . . . 7,269,000
Average days of participation
away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $745,837,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $154,992,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $590,845,000
Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $351
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21
6 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Participation in Virginia
The 2006 Survey found that 2.9 million
Virginia residents and nonresidents
16 years old and older fi shed, hunted,
or wildlife watched in Virginia. Of
the total number of participants, 858
thousand fi shed, 413 thousand hunted,
and 2.3 million participated in wildlife -
watching activities, which include
observing, feeding, and photographing
wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters,
and wildlife watchers exceeds the total
number of participants in wildlife -
related recreation because many
individuals engaged in more than
one wildlife-related activity.
Participation by 6-to-15-Year-Old
Virginia Residents
The focus of the National Survey is
on the activity of participants 16 years
old and older. However, the activity of
6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated
using the screening data covering the
year 2005. It is assumed for estima-tion
purposes that the relative activity
levels of 6-to-15-year-old participants
and participants 16 years old and older
remained the same in 2005 and 2006.
Based on this assumption, in addition
to the 731 thousand resident anglers
16 years old and older, there were 196
thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years
old. Also, in addition to the 360 thou-sand
residents 16 years old and older
who hunted, there were 31 thousand
6-to-15-year-old residents who hunted.
Finally, there were 2.1 million Virginia
residents 16 years old and older and
330 thousand 6- to 15-year-olds who
wildlife watched. Further information
on 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in
Appendix B.
Expenditures in Virginia
In 2006, state residents and
nonresidents spent $2.4 billion on
wildlife recreation in Virginia. Of that
total, trip-related expenditures were
$768 million and equipment purchases
totaled $1.4 billion. The remaining
$173 million was spent on licenses,
contributions, land ownership and
leasing, and other items.
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation
in Virginia: 2006
(U.S. residents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 million
Sportspersons
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 million
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 thousand
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 thousand
Wildlife Watchers
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 million
Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 thousand
Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Tables 3, 24, and 39.
Percent of Total Participants
by Activity
(Total: 2.9 million participants)
Wildlife
watching
Fishing Hunting
30%
14%
81%
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Expenditures in Virginia
(Total: $2.4 billion)
Equipment
60%
Trip-related
33%
Other
7%
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 7
Sportspersons
In 2006, 1.0 million state resident and
nonresident sportspersons 16 years old
and older fi shed or hunted in Virginia.
This group comprised 858 thousand
anglers (82 percent of all sportspersons)
and 413 thousand hunters (40 percent
of all sportspersons). Among the 1.0
million sportspersons who fi shed or
hunted in the state, 632 thousand (60
percent) fi shed but did not hunt in
Virginia. Another 188 thousand (18
percent) hunted but did not fi sh there.
The remaining 225 thousand (22
percent) fi shed and hunted in Virginia
in 2006.
Sportspersons’ Participation in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Sportspersons (fi shed or hunted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 million
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 thousand
Fished only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 thousand
Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 thousand
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 thousand
Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 thousand
Hunted and fi shed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 1.
8 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Anglers
Participants and Days of Fishing
In 2006, 858 thousand state residents
and nonresidents 16 years old and
older fi shed in Virginia. Of this total,
640 thousand anglers (75 percent)
were state residents and 218 thousand
anglers (25 percent) were nonresidents.
Anglers fi shed a total of 9.6 million
days in Virginia—an average of 11
days per angler. State residents fi shed
8.6 million days—89 percent of all
fi shing days in Virginia. Nonresidents
fi shed 1.0 million days in Virginia—11
percent of all fi shing days in the state.
A large majority of Virginia residents
who fi shed anywhere in the United
States did so in their resident state.
There were 731 thousand Virginia
residents 16 years old and older who
fi shed in the United States in 2006 for a
total of 9.9 million days. An estimated
88 percent of all Virginia residents who
fi shed did so in their home state. Of
all fi shing days by Virginia residents,
87 percent or 8.6 million were in their
home state.
Some state residents fi shed in states
other than Virginia. In 2006, 236
thousand Virginia residents fi shed in
other states—32 percent of all residents
fi shing in any state. They fi shed 1.5
million days as nonresidents, repre-senting
15 percent of all days fi shed by
Virginia residents. For further details
about fi shing in Virginia, see Table 3.
Anglers in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 thousand
Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 thousand
Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 thousand
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 million
Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 million
Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 million
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Virginia anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 thousand
In Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 thousand
In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 thousand
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 million
In Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 million
In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 9
Fishing Expenditures in Virginia
All fi shing-related expenditures in
Virginia totaled $734 million in 2006.
Trip-related expenditures, which
include food and lodging, transporta-tion,
and other trip expenses, totaled
$395 million—54 percent of all fi shing
expenditures. Expenditures for food
and lodging were $123 million and
transportation expenditures were $72
million. Other trip expenses, such as
equipment rental, bait, and cooking
fuel, totaled $200 million. Each angler
spent an average of $461 on trip-related
costs during 2006.
Anglers spent $319 million on equip-ment
in Virginia in 2006, 43 percent of
all fi shing expenditures. Fishing equip-ment
(rods, reels, line, etc.) spending
totaled $96 million—30 percent of the
equipment total. Auxiliary equipment
expenditures (tents, special fi shing
clothes, etc.) and special equip-ment
expenditures (boats, vans, etc.)
amounted to $223 million—70 percent
of the equipment total. Special and
auxiliary equipment are items that were
purchased for fi shing but could be used
in activities other than fi shing.
The purchase of other items, such as
magazines, membership dues, licenses,
permits, stamps, and land leasing and
ownership, amounted to $20 million—3
percent of all fi shing expenditures. For
more details about fi shing expendi-tures
in Virginia, see Tables 19 and 21
through 23.
Fishing Expenditures in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $734 million
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $395 million
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $319 million
Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $96 million
Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $223 million
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20 million
Source: Table 19.
Percent of Anglers by Residence
(Total: 858 thousand participants)
Residents Nonresidents
75%
25%
Fishing Expenditures
in Virginia
(Total: $734 million)
Trip-related
54%
Other
3%
Equipment
43%
10 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Hunters
Participants and Days of Hunting
In 2006, there were 413 thousand
residents and nonresidents 16 years old
and older who hunted in Virginia. Resi-dent
hunters numbered 353 thousand,
accounting for 86 percent of the hunters
in Virginia. There were 60 thousand
nonresidents who hunted in Virginia—
14 percent of the state’s hunters.
Residents and nonresidents hunted
6.8 million days in 2006, an average
of 16 days per hunter. Residents
hunted 6.3 million days in Virginia or
93 percent of all hunting days, while
nonresidents spent 491 thousand days
hunting in Virginia or 7 percent of all
hunting days.
There were 360 thousand Virginia
residents 16 years old and older who
hunted in the United States in 2006 for
a total of 6.6 million days. An estimated
98 percent of all Virginia residents who
hunted did so in their home state. Of
all hunting days by Virginia residents,
94 percent or 6.3 million were spent
pursuing game in their home state.
Some state residents hunted in states
other than Virginia. Altogether, 45
thousand or 13 percent of all Virginia
hunters hunted in other states. Their
473 thousand days of hunting in other
states represented 7 percent of all days
Virginia residents spent hunting in
2006. For more information on hunting
activities by Virginia residents, see
Table 3.
Hunters in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 thousand
Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 thousand
Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 thousand
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 million
Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 million
Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 thousand
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Virginia hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 thousand
In Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 thousand
In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 thousand
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 million
In Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 million
In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 11
Hunting Expenditures in Virginia
All hunting-related expenditures in
Virginia totaled $481 million in 2006.
Trip-related expenses, such as food
and lodging, transportation, and other
trip expenses, totaled $125 million—
26 percent of total expenditures.
Expenditures for food and lodging
were $61 million and transportation
expenditures were $57 million. Other
trip expenses, such as equipment rental,
totaled $8 million for the year. The
average trip-related expenditure per
hunter was $302.
Hunters spent $297 million on equip-ment—
62 percent of all hunting expen-ditures.
Hunting equipment (guns,
ammunition, etc.) totaled $168 million
and made up 57 percent of all equip-ment
costs. Hunters spent $129 million
on auxiliary equipment (tents, special
hunting clothes, etc.) and special equip-ment
(boats, vans, etc.), accounting
for 43 percent of total equipment
expenditures for hunting. Special and
auxiliary equipment are items that were
purchased for hunting but could be
used in activities other than hunting.
The purchase of other items, such as
magazines, membership dues, licenses,
permits, and land leasing and owner-ship,
cost hunters $59 million—12
percent of all hunting expenditures. For
more details on hunting expenditures in
Virginia, see Tables 20 through 23.
Hunting Expenditures in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $481 million
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $125 million
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $297 million
Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $168 million
Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $129 million
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $59 million
Source: Table 20.
Percent of Hunters by Residence
(Total: 413 thousand participants)
Residents Nonresidents
86%
14%
Hunting Expenditures
in Virginia
(Total: $481 million)
Trip-related
26%
Other
12%
Equipment
62%
12 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Wildlife Watchers
Participants and Days of Activity
In 2006, 2.3 million U.S. residents
16 years old and older fed, observed,
or photographed wildlife in Virginia.
Most of them, 90 percent (2.1 million),
enjoyed their activities close to home
and are called “around-the-home”
participants. Those persons who
enjoyed wildlife at least 1 mile from
home are called “away-from-home”
participants. People participating in
away-from-home activities in Virginia
in 2006 numbered 728 thousand—31
percent of all wildlife watchers in
Virginia. Of the 728 thousand, 542
thousand were state residents and 186
thousand were nonresidents.
Virginia residents 16 years old and
older who enjoyed away-from-home
wildlife watching within their state
totaled 542 thousand. Of this group,
542 thousand participants observed
wildlife, 239 thousand fed wildlife, and
241 thousand photographed wildlife.
Since some individuals engaged in
more than 1 of the 3 away-from-home
activities during the year, the sum of
wildlife observers, feeders, and photog-raphers
exceeds the total number of
away-from-home participants.
Virginia residents spent 4.5 million
days engaged in away-from-home
wildlife-watching activities in their
state. They spent 3.9 million days
observing wildlife, 1.6 million days
feeding wildlife, and 1.4 million days
photographing wildlife. The sum of
days observing, feeding, and photo-graphing
wildlife exceeds the total days
of wildlife-watching activity because
individuals engaged in more than one
activity on some days. For further
details about away-from-home activi-ties,
see Table 25.
Virginia residents also took an active
interest in wildlife around their homes.
In 2006, 2.1 million state residents
enjoyed observing, feeding, and
photographing wildlife within 1 mile
of their homes. Among this around-the-
home group, 1.8 million fed, 1.3
million observed, and 493 thousand
photographed wildlife around their
homes. Another 244 thousand partici-pants
maintained natural areas of 1/4
acre or more for wildlife; 173 thousand
Wildlife-Watching Participants in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 million
Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 million
Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 24.
Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 thousand
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 thousand
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 thousand
Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 thousand
Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 million
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 million
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 million
Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 25.
Around-the-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Virginia
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 million
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 million
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 million
Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 thousand
Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 thousand
Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 thousand
Visit public areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 27.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 13
participants maintained plantings
for the benefi t of wildlife; and 323
thousand participants visited public
parks within a mile of home because
of the wildlife. Summing the number
of participants in these six activities
results in an estimate that exceeds
the total number of around-the-home
participants because many people
participated in more than one type of
around-the-home activity. In addition,
27 percent of resident around-the-home
wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife
away from home. For further details
about Virginia residents participating
in around-the-home wildlife-watching
activities, see Table 27.
Wild Bird Observers
Bird watching attracted many wildlife
enthusiasts in Virginia. In 2006, 1.6
million people observed birds around
the home and on trips in the state.
Eighty percent (1.3 million) observed
wild birds around the home while 41
percent (651 thousand) took trips away
from home to watch birds.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
in Virginia
Wildlife watchers spent $960 million
on wildlife-watching activities in
Virginia in 2006. Trip-related expendi-tures,
including food and lodging ($195
million), transportation ($42 million),
and other trip expenses ($11 million),
such as equipment rental, amounted
to $248 million. This summation
comprised 26 percent of all wildlife-watching
expenditures by participants.
The average of the trip-related expendi-tures
for away-from-home participants
was $330 per person in 2006.
Wildlife-watching participants spent
$627 million on equipment—65 percent
of all their expenditures. Specifi cally,
wildlife-watching equipment (binocu-lars,
special clothing, etc.) expenditures
totaled $245 million, 39 percent of
the equipment total. Auxiliary equip-ment
expenditures (tents, backpacking
equipment, etc.) and special equipment
expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.)
amounted to $381 million—61 percent
of all equipment costs. Special and
auxiliary equipment are items that were
purchased for wildlife-watching recre-ation
but can be used in activities other
than wildlife-watching activities.
Other items purchased by wildlife -
watching participants, such as
magazines, membership dues and
contributions, land leasing and owner-ship,
and plantings, totaled $85
million—9 percent of all wildlife-watching
expenditures. For more
details about wildlife-watching expen-ditures
in Virginia, see Table 31.
Wild Bird Observers in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 million
Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 million
Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 thousand
Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.8 million
Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.2 million
Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 29.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Virginia
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $960 million
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $248 million
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $627 million
Wildlife watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $245 million
Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $381 million
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $85 million
Source: Table 31.
Around-the-Home and Away-
From-Home Participation
by Virginia Residents
(Total: 2.1 million participants)
Both around
the home and
away from
home
Around the
home only
73%
27%
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
in Virginia
(Total: $960 million)
Trip-related
26%
Other
9%
Equipment
65%
14 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
1996–2006 Comparisons
Comparing the estimates from the
1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys gives
a perspective on the state of wildlife-related
recreation in the late 1990s and
early-to-mid 2000s in Virginia. Only
the most general recreation compari-sons
are presented here.
The best way to compare estimates
from surveys is not to compare the
estimates themselves but to compare
the confi dence intervals around the
estimates. A 90-percent confi dence
interval around an estimate gives the
range of estimates that 90 percent of all
possible representative samples would
supply. If the 90-percent confi dence
intervals of two surveys’ estimates
overlap, it is not possible to say the two
estimates are statistically different.
The state resident estimates cover the
participation and expenditure activity
of Virginia residents anywhere in the
United States. The in-state estimates
cover the participation, day, and
expenditure activity of U.S. residents in
Virginia.
The expenditure estimates were made
comparable by adjusting the estimates
for infl ation—all estimates are in 2006
dollars.
Virginia 1996 and 2006 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands)
1996 2006 Percent change
Fishing
Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 858 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,570 9,629 *
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,058,023 $733,777 *
State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 731 –23
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,166,654 $669,565 –43
Hunting
Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 413 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,470 6,771 *
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $668,435 $480,802 *
State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 360 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $553,246 $493,125 *
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 728 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,422 5,745 *
State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 603 *
Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,877 2,082 *
Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,457 1,273 *
Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,755 1,813 *
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . $899,479 $960,190 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,002,546 $745,837 *
* Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of signifi cance.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 15
Virginia 2001 and 2006 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands)
2001 2006 Percent change
Fishing
Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010 858 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,468 9,629 –33
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $590,294 $733,777 *
State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888 731 –18
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $785,282 $669,565 *
Hunting
Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 413 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,818 6,771 *
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $365,770 $480,802 *
State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 360 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $387,911 $493,125 *
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 728 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,906 5,745 *
State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 603 *
Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,105 2,082 *
Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,512 1,273 –16
Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,804 1,813 *
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . $899,058 $960,190 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,252,420 $745,837 *
* Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of signifi cance.
Number of People Who Hunted and
Fished in Virginia: 1996–2006
(In thousands)
1996 2001 2006
392
1,029
355
1,010
413
858
Number of People Who Wildlife
Watched in Virginia: 1996–2006
(In thousands)
1996 2001 2006
942
1,877
772
2,105
728
2,082
Total Expenditures by Participants
in Virginia: 1996–2006
(In millions of 2006 dollars)
1996 2001 2006
1,058
668
899
590
366
899
734
481
960
Hunters
Anglers
Away from home
Around the home
Wildlife watchers
Hunters
Anglers
16 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Purpose and Coverage of Tables
The statistical tables of this report were
designed to meet a wide range of needs
for those interested in wildlife-related
recreation. Special terms used in these
tables are defi ned in Appendix A.
The tables are based on responses to
the 2006 Survey, which was designed
to collect data about participation in
wi ldlife-related recreation. To have
taken part in the Survey, a respondent
must have been a U.S. resident (a
resident of one of the 50 states or the
District of Columbia). No one residing
outside the United States (including
U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter-viewing.
Therefore, reported state and
national totals do not include partici-pation
by those who were not U.S.
residents or who were U.S. citizens
residing outside the United States.
Comparability With Previous
Surveys
The numbers reported can be compared
with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001
Survey Reports. The methodology used
in 2006 was similar to that used in
those Surveys. These results should not
be directly compared to results from
Surveys earlier than 1991 since there
were major changes in methodology
in 1991. These changes were made to
improve accuracy in the estimates.
Coverage of an Individual Table
Since the Survey covers many activi-ties
in various places by participants
of different ages, all table titles,
headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are
designed to identify and articulate each
item being reported in the table. For
example, the title of Table 2 shows that
data about anglers and hunters, their
days of participation, and their number
of trips are reported by type of activity.
By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi-cates
that it contains data on freshwater
anglers and the days they fi shed for
different species.
Percentages Reported in the Tables
Percentages are reported in the tables
for the convenience of the user. When
exclusive groups are being reported, the
base of a percentage is apparent from
its context because the percents add to
100 percent (plus or minus a rounding
error). For example, Table 2 reports
the number of trips taken by big game
hunters, those taken by small game
hunters, those taken by migratory bird
hunters, and those taken by hunters
pursuing other animals. These comprise
100 percent because they are exclusive
categories.
Percents should not add to 100 when
nonexclusive groups are being reported.
Using Table 2 as an example again,
note that adding the percentages associ-ated
with the total number of big game
hunters, total small game hunters,
total migratory bird hunters, and total
hunters of other animals will not yield
total hunters because respondents could
hunt for more than one type of game.
When the base of the percentage is not
apparent in context, it is identifi ed in a
footnote. For example, Table 15 reports
two percentages with different bases:
one base being the number of total
participants at the head of the column
and the other base being the total popu-lation
who are described by the row
category. Footnotes are used to clarify
the bases of the reported percentages.
Footnotes to the Tables
Footnotes are used to clarify the infor-mation
or items that are being reported
in a table. Symbols in the body of a
table indicate important footnotes.
These symbols are used in the tables
to refer to the same footnote each time
they appear:
* Estimate based on a sample size of
10–29.
... Sample size too small to report data
reliably because there were fewer
than 10 responses.
W Less than .5 dollars.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
X Not applicable.
NA Not asked.
Estimates based upon fewer than 10
responses are regarded as being based
on a sample size that is too small for
reliable reporting. An estimate based
upon at least 10 but fewer than 30
responses is treated as an estimate
based on a small sample size. Other
footnotes appear, as necessary, to
qualify or clarify the estimates reported
in the tables. In addition, these two
important footnotes appear frequently:
• Detail does not add to total because
of multiple responses.
• Detail does not add to total because
of multiple responses and nonre-sponse.
“Multiple responses” is a term used
to refl ect the fact that individuals or
their characteristics fall into more than
one category. Using Table 12 as an
example, those who hunt for big game,
small game, migratory birds, and other
animals are counted only once as a
hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row.
Another example is Table 15, where
total anglers and hunters add up to
more than total sportspersons. Totals
will be smaller than the sum of subcat-egories
when multiple responses exist.
“Nonresponse” exists because the
Survey questions were answered
voluntarily and some respondents did
not or could not answer all the ques-tions.
Totals are greater than the sum of
subcategories when nonresponses have
occurred. This occurs because some
respondents answered the question that
provided the category estimate but did
not answer the subcategory questions.
Guide to Statistical Tables
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 17
Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Virginia by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number
Percent of
sportspersons Number
Percent of
resident
sportspersons Number
Percent of
nonresident
sportspersons
Total sportspersons (fished or hunted) . . . . . . . . 1,045 100 783 100 262 100
Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 82 640 82 218 83
Fished only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 60 430 55 203 77
Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 22 210 27 ... ...
Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 40 353 45 *60 *23
Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 18 143 18 *45 *17
Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 22 210 27 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Virginia by Type of Fishing and
Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants Days of participation Trips
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 100 9,629 100 7,586 100
Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 72 6,417 67 5,215 69
Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . 622 72 6,417 67 5,215 69
Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 41 3,313 34 2,371 31
HUNTING
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 100 6,771 100 6,536 100
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 88 5,072 75 4,011 61
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 34 1,008 15 837 13
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *64 *16 *270 *4 *219 *3
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 *19 *1,557 *23 *1,470 *22
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
18 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and hunters, trips,
and days of participation
Activity in Virginia Activity by Virginia residents in United States
Total, state
residents and
nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Total, in state
of residence and
in other states
In state
of residence
In other
states
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 100 640 75 218 25 731 100 640 88 236 32
Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,586 100 6,816 90 770 10 7,769 100 6,816 88 952 12
Total days of fishing. . . . . . . . . 9,629 100 8,596 89 1,033 11 9,932 100 8,596 87 1,458 15
Average days of fishing . . . . . . 11 (X) 13 (X) 5 (X) 14 (X) 13 (X) 6 (X)
HUNTING
Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 100 353 86 *60 *14 360 100 353 98 *45 *13
Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,536 100 6,157 94 *380 *6 6,607 100 6,157 93 *451 *7
Total days of hunting . . . . . . . . 6,771 100 6,280 93 *491 *7 6,649 100 6,280 94 *473 *7
Average days of hunting . . . . . 16 (X) 18 (X) *8 (X) 18 (X) 18 (X) *10 (X)
(X) Not applicable. * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 4. Virginia Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Place fished or hunted
Anglers Hunters
Number Percent Number Percent
Total, all places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 100 360 100
In-state only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 68 315 87
In-state and other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 20 *38 *11
In other states only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *91 *12 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail may not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 19
Table 5. Virginia Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants Days of participation Trips
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 100 9,932 100 7,769 100
Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 70 6,457 65 5,172 67
Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . 510 70 6,457 65 5,170 67
Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 52 3,817 38 2,597 33
HUNTING
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 100 6,649 100 6,607 100
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 90 5,050 76 4,034 61
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 36 1,087 16 860 13
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *63 *18 *253 *4 *205 *3
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *73 *20 *1,544 *23 *1,508 *23
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Virginia
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 100 454 73 168 27
Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,215 100 4,652 89 564 11
Total days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,417 100 5,680 89 737 11
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (X) 13 (X) 4 (X)
ANGLERS
Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 100 454 73 168 27
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 100 357 80 89 20
Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 100 250 71 102 29
DAYS
Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,417 100 5,680 89 737 11
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,336 100 4,029 93 307 7
Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,712 100 2,253 83 460 17
(X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
20 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Virginia by Type of Fish: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Virginia
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number
Percent of
total
types
Percent of
anglers/
days Number
Percent of
anglers/
days Number
Percent of
anglers/
days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 100 100 454 73 168 27
Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 18 100 100 89 ... ...
Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 29 100 132 74 *46 *26
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . 143 23 100 108 75 *36 *25
Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 48 100 213 71 86 29
Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 25 100 126 83 *26 *17
Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 22 100 *97 *70 *42 *30
Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 26 100 132 81 ... ...
Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 *8 *100 *44 *90 ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,417 100 100 5,680 89 737 11
Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016 16 100 967 95 ... ...
Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,158 34 100 1,962 91 *195 *9
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . 1,442 22 100 1,237 86 *205 *14
Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,065 48 100 2,758 90 307 10
Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,467 23 100 1,387 95 *80 *5
Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 11 100 *545 *81 *132 *19
Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 23 100 1,433 95 ... ...
Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *195 *3 *100 *178 *91 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 21
Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Virginia: 2006
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Virginia by Type of Fish: 2006
This table does not apply to this state.
22 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Virginia: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Virginia
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total anglers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 100 289 82 63 18
Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371 100 2,165 91 206 9
Total days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,313 100 3,023 91 290 9
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 (X) 10 (X) 5 (X)
(X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Virginia by Type of Fish: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Virginia
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number
Percent of
total
types
Percent of
anglers/
days Number
Percent of
anglers/
days Number
Percent of
anglers/
days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 100 100 289 82 63 18
Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Striped bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 30 100 100 94 *7 *6
Bluefish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *31 *9 *100 ... ... ... ...
Flatfish (flounder, halibut). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 27 100 78 84 *15 *16
Red drum (redfish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23 *6 *100 ... ... ... ...
Sea trout (weakfish). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 *7 *100 *23 *93 ... ...
Mackerel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Mahi-mahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 40 100 117 83 ... ...
Other saltwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 36 100 112 88 ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,313 100 100 3,023 91 290 9
Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Striped bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887 27 100 860 97 *27 *3
Bluefish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *159 *5 *100 ... ... ... ...
Flatfish (flounder, halibut). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 19 100 511 81 *118 *19
Red drum (redfish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *152 *5 *100 ... ... ... ...
Sea trout (weakfish). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *149 *4 *100 *141 *95 ... ...
Mackerel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Mahi-mahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025 31 100 907 89 ... ...
Other saltwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161 35 100 1,090 94 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 23
Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Virginia by Type of Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters, trips, and days of hunting
Activity in Virginia
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 100 353 86 *60 *14
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 100 320 88 *42 *12
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 100 121 85 ... ...
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *64 *100 *59 *91 ... ...
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 *100 *73 *94 ... ...
TRIPS
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,536 100 6,157 94 *380 *6
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,011 100 3,786 94 *225 *6
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 100 770 92 ... ...
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *219 *100 *194 *89 ... ...
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,470 *100 *1,406 *96 ... ...
DAYS
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,771 100 6,280 93 *491 *7
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,072 100 4,697 93 *375 *7
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008 100 928 92 ... ...
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *270 *100 *242 *90 ... ...
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,557 *100 *1,473 *95 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
24 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Virginia by Type of Game: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of game
Hunters, state
residents and nonresidents
Days of hunting
Number Percent Number Percent
Total, all types of game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 100 6,771 100
Big game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 88 5,072 75
Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 84 4,525 67
Elk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *40 *10 *474 *7
Wild turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 29 1,714 25
Other big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Small game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 34 1,008 15
Rabbit, hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *70 *17 *340 *5
Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Grouse/prairie chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 *19 *573 *8
Pheasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Migratory birds, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *64 *16 *270 *4
Waterfowl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *29 *7 *118 *2
Geese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Duck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *26 *6 *112 *2
Dove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 *9 *127 *2
Other migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other animals, total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 *19 *1,557 *23
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Virginia by Type of Land: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters and days of hunting
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all types of land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 100 353 100 *60 *100
Public land, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 34 128 36 ... ...
Public land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *31 *7 ... ... ... ...
Public and private land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 26 105 30 ... ...
Private land, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 91 324 92 *52 *86
Private land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 65 219 62 *47 *79
Private and public land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 26 105 30 ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,771 100 6,280 100 *491 *100
Public land1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719 25 1,472 23 ... ...
Private land2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,169 91 5,842 93 *327 *67
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land.
2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 25
Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Virginia Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Sportspersons
(fished or hunted)
Anglers Hunters
Number Percent Number
Percent
who
partici-pated
Percent
of
sports-persons
Number
Percent
who
partici-pated
Percent
of
anglers Number
Percent
who
partici-pated
Percent
of
hunters
Total persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,893 100 857 15 100 731 12 100 360 6 100
Population Density of Residence
Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,295 73 488 11 57 444 10 61 147 3 41
Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,598 27 370 23 43 286 18 39 213 13 59
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan statistical area
(MSA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,006 85 657 13 77 578 12 79 237 5 66
1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,091 69 511 12 60 462 11 63 159 4 44
250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 4 *35 *17 *4 *30 *15 *4 ... ... ...
Less than 250,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 12 111 16 13 *85 *12 *12 *64 *9 *18
Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887 15 201 23 23 153 17 21 *123 *14 *34
Sex
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,791 47 672 24 78 557 20 76 324 12 90
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,102 53 185 6 22 173 6 24 *36 *1 *10
Age
16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 4 *29 *13 *3 ... ... ... ... ... ...
18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 9 *77 *14 *9 *59 *11 *8 *49 *9 *14
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 16 134 14 16 114 12 16 *43 *4 *12
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,241 21 206 17 24 189 15 26 *74 *6 *21
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,219 21 185 15 22 163 13 22 *88 *7 *24
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 14 139 17 16 112 14 15 *64 *8 *18
65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877 15 87 10 10 73 8 10 *29 *3 *8
Ethnicity
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,460 93 849 16 99 722 13 99 360 7 100
Race
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,627 79 793 17 93 671 14 92 353 8 98
Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948 16 *46 *5 *5 *44 *5 *6 ... ... ...
All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Annual Household Income
Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
$10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
$20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 8 *56 *12 *7 *40 *9 *5 *27 *6 *8
$30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 10 *116 *20 *13 *109 *19 *15 *61 *10 *17
$40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 6 *52 *15 *6 *50 *15 *7 ... ... ...
$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928 16 195 21 23 162 17 22 *80 *9 *22
$75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 12 111 16 13 105 15 14 *33 *5 *9
$100,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,035 18 159 15 18 134 13 18 *61 *6 *17
Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446 25 124 9 14 101 7 14 *55 *4 *15
Education
11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 14 137 17 16 110 14 15 *83 *10 *23
12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,844 31 261 14 30 215 12 29 129 7 36
1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,242 21 219 18 26 185 15 25 *95 *8 *26
4 years college or more . . . . . . . . . . . 1,998 34 241 12 28 221 11 30 *52 *3 *15
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity
named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who
are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
26 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,393,405 1,095 1,273 1,323
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,355 816 225 175
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,040 845 153 123
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,730 674 308 199
Equipment (fishing, hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273,138 579 472 257
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,790 214 288 57
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *451,006 *77 *5,891 *431
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,131 204 35 6
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,685 157 157 21
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,529 624 89 52
FISHING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733,777 834 879 851
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,771 614 200 143
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,448 606 120 84
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,045 629 318 233
Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,681 445 215 109
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *14,978 *75 *201 *17
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *207,957 *52 *3,961 *242
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,687 85 31 3
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3,644 *77 *48 *4
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,566 437 31 15
HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480,802 445 1,080 1,148
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,585 330 184 147
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,592 367 154 137
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,686 76 101 19
Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,914 251 670 397
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,158 106 237 58
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,496 *50 *30 *4
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *15,338 *47 *324 *35
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,963 292 144 101
UNSPECIFIED5
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,283 154 1,101 159
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
2 Includes tents, special clothing, etc.
3 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
4 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 27
Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per spender
(dollars)
Average per angler
(dollars)
ALL FISHING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713,880 810 881 829
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,771 614 200 143
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,448 606 120 84
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,045 629 318 233
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318,616 462 690 368
ALL FRESHWATER
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416,046 589 706 658
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,493 442 168 120
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,151 432 93 65
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,381 429 171 118
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228,022 331 689 355
FRESHWATER, EXCEPT
GREAT LAKES
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415,891 586 709 658
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,493 442 168 120
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,151 432 93 65
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,381 429 171 118
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227,866 328 694 355
GREAT LAKES
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
SALTWATER
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,521 349 671 660
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,278 256 189 137
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,297 249 130 92
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,664 297 426 360
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,283 144 189 71
... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.
28 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per spender
(dollars)
Average per hunter
(dollars)
ALL HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422,005 426 992 1,009
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,585 330 184 147
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,592 367 154 137
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,686 76 101 19
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297,143 283 1,050 707
BIG GAME
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312,012 365 855 844
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,591 288 155 123
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,397 317 130 114
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,591 64 88 15
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,433 225 981 590
SMALL GAME
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,889 156 327 890
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,733 107 100 438
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,034 90 78 287
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *32,062 *64 *499 *121
MIGRATORY BIRD
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *16,549 *67 *248 *339
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2,208 *45 *49 *104
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,359 *33 *41 *64
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *12,302 *28 *433 *138
OTHER ANIMALS
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *10,995 *61 *180 *1,826
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3,052 *49 *62 *546
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6,802 *54 *126 *1,217
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 29
Table 19. Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average per
angler
(dollars)
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
anglers
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733,777 851 834 97 879
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395,264 461 750 87 527
Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,771 143 711 83 173
Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,279 99 611 71 140
Lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,492 44 98 11 383
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,448 84 606 71 120
Other trip costs, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,045 233 629 73 318
Privilege and other fees1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,390 28 147 17 166
Boating costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,945 154 228 27 579
Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,479 38 495 58 66
Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,667 11 345 40 28
Heating and cooking fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,564 *2 *39 *5 *40
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR FISHING
Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,681 109 445 52 215
Reels, rods, and rod-making components . . . . . . . . . . . 40,758 46 214 25 191
Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,012 21 355 41 51
Artificial lures and flies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,784 24 284 33 73
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff
hooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2,072 *2 *70 *8 *29
Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers. . . . . . . . . . . *783 *1 *41 *5 *19
Other fishing equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,271 15 141 16 94
Auxiliary equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *14,978 *17 *75 *9 *201
Special equipment5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *207,957 *242 *52 *6 *3,961
Other fishing costs6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,897 22 471 55 42
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use.
2 Boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
3 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment.
4 Includes tents, special fishing clothing, etc.
5 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
6 Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this
state are included.
30 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 20. Expenditures in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average per
hunter
(dollars)
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
hunters
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480,802 1,148 445 108 1,080
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,862 302 381 92 328
Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,585 147 381 92 159
Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,646 130 330 80 163
Lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6,938 *17 *47 *11 *148
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,592 137 367 89 154
Other trip costs, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *7,686 *19 *76 *18 *101
Privilege and other fees1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *5,397 *13 *37 *9 *147
Boating costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...
Heating and cooking fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING
Hunting equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,914 397 251 61 670
Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,134 240 98 24 1,039
Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,035 55 213 52 108
Other hunting equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,746 101 109 26 394
Auxiliary equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,158 58 106 26 237
Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...
Other hunting costs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,797 139 321 78 183
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes guide fees, pack trip or package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment.
2 Includes bows, arrows, archery equipment, telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting
knives, and other hunting equipment.
3 Includes tents, special hunting clothing, etc.
4 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
5 Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 percent because spenders who did not hunt
in this state are included.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 31
Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Virginia for Fishing and Hunting by Virginia Residents
and Nonresidents: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,290,471 1,040 1,241 1,234
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . 713,880 810 881 832
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,771 614 200 143
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,448 606 120 84
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,945 228 579 154
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,099 578 118 79
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318,616 462 690 372
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . 422,005 426 992 1,022
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,585 330 184 147
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,592 367 154 137
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,293 73 100 18
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297,143 283 1,050 719
Unspecified equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *154,587 *35 *4,454 *148
STATE RESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016,610 774 1,313 1,298
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . 464,098 608 764 725
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,930 458 186 133
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,947 453 115 81
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,047 180 630 177
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,033 462 123 89
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,141 414 380 246
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . 397,925 343 1,162 1,127
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,060 278 187 147
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,240 308 157 137
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,776 64 106 19
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290,480 241 1,206 822
Unspecified equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *154,587 *35 *4,454 *197
NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273,861 266 1,030 1,044
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . 249,782 202 1,236 1,147
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,841 156 243 174
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,501 152 135 94
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *18,898 *48 *392 *87
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,067 116 96 51
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *161,475 *48 *3,334 *742
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . 24,080 83 290 403
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8,524 *51 *166 *143
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *8,352 *59 *142 *140
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6,664 *42 *158 *111
Unspecified equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
2 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil.
3 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
32 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 22. Summary of Virginia Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside
Virginia: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,340,459 835 1,604 1,563
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218,276 693 315 255
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,674 725 201 170
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,869 601 346 242
Equipment (fishing, hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303,863 547 556 354
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,398 193 349 79
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *313,782 *59 *5,330 *366
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,765 204 38 9
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,980 131 161 24
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,853 541 101 64
FISHING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669,565 686 976 916
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,799 552 277 209
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,410 541 163 121
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,751 561 354 272
Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,039 438 269 162
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21,623 *67 *324 *30
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *70,733 *35 *2,032 *97
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,053 85 36 4
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3,649 *76 *48 *5
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,508 383 33 17
HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493,125 352 1,402 1,370
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,477 289 227 182
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,264 320 179 159
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,118 73 124 25
Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176,280 237 745 490
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,720 90 263 66
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,875 *56 *33 *5
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *12,976 *37 *347 *36
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,344 274 155 118
UNSPECIFIED5
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,225 130 1,297 196
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
2 Includes tents, special clothing, etc.
3 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
4 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia 33
Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Virginia Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)
IN VIRGINIA
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108,648 794 1,397 1,416
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414,402 748 554 529
Equipment (fishing and hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265,008 518 511 338
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,371 182 325 76
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *293,040 *56 *5,193 *374
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,827 590 130 98
Expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480,974 629 765 752
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306,956 565 544 480
Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,323 407 227 144
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *14,828 *65 *230 *23
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49,990 *32 *1,544 *78
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,876 382 44 26
Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450,777 352 1,282 1,276
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,446 322 334 304
Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,142 229 714 462
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,267 86 270 66
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,852 287 184 150
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total4 . . . . . 167,077 125 1,333 213
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228,339 284 803 872
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,158 233 661 589
Equipment (fishing and hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,854 101 386 148
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,557 104 63 25
Expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185,791 238 781 787
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,264 207 628 552
Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25,716 *74 *349 *109
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2,274 *78 *29 *10
Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *41,676 *65 *639 *926
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23,894 *43 *560 *531
Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *13,139 *33 *398 *292
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4,190 *26 *159 *93
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total 4 . . . . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes tents, special hunting or fishing clothing, etc.
2 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
3 Includes magazines, books, membership dues, contributions, land leasing and ownership, stamps, tags, and licenses.
4 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
34 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Virginia U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Virginia by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants Number Percent
Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,312 100
Away from home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 31
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 30
Photograph wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .