2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Montana

              U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Montana
2006 National Survey
of Fishing, Hunting,
and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation
2006 National Survey of
Fishing, Hunting, and
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
FHW/06-MT
Issued March 2008
Montana
U.S. Department of the Interior
Dirk Kempthorne,
Secretary
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
H. Dale Hall,
Director
U.S. Department of Commerce
Carlos M. Gutierrez,
Secretary
John J. Sullivan,
Deputy Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Cynthia A. Glassman,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Steve H. Murdock,
Director
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural
heritage; provides scientifi c and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi-bilities
or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affi liated Island Communities.
The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve,
protect, and enhance fi sh, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefi t of the American people.
The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including
administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide fi nan-cial
assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fi sh and wildlife resources and to assure
their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the
National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S.
Census Bureau. 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
H. Dale Hall,
Director
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration
Rowan Gould,
Assistant Director
U.S. Department of the Interior
Dirk Kempthorne,
Secretary
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Steve H. Murdock,
Director
Economics and Statistics
Administration
Cynthia A. Glassman,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana iii
Contents
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Survey Background and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Highlights
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Wildlife-Associated Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Wildlife Watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1996–2006 Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Tables
Guide to Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Fishing and Hunting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Wildlife-Watching Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
National Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Appendixes
A. Defi nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
B. 2005 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
C. Signifi cant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
iv 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Fishing and Hunting
1. Fishing and Hunting in Montana by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Montana by Type of Fishing
and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4. Montana Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5. Montana Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the
United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Montana by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Montana: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Montana by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Montana: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Montana by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Montana by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Montana by Type of Game: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Montana by Type of Land: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
15. Selected Characteristics of Montana Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
16. Summary of Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
19. Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
20. Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Montana for Fishing and Hunting by Montana Residents
and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
22. Summary of Montana Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside
Montana: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Montana Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Wildlife Watching
24. Wildlife Watching in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
Montana: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or
Fed in Montana: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
List of Tables
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana v
27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Montana: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
28. Montana Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Montana by State Residents and
Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
30. Selected Characteristics of Montana Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
31. Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife
Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Montana for Wildlife Watching by Montana Residents
and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Montana by Montana
Residents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Montana Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
35. Participation of Montana Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and
Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
36. Participation of Montana Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
National Tables
37. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside
Their Resident State: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
39. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and
Nonresidents of the State: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
vi 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
I fi nd duck hunting with friends in
a bottomland hardwood swamp or
fi shing with my kids on an Oregon
river bolsters my spirit and reminds me
why I care about conservation and our
wildlife heritage.
But wildlife-associated and vital
recreation—activities such as hunting,
fi shing, and birding—also provide
signifi cant fi nancial support for wildlife
conservation in our Nation’s economy.
According to information from the
newest National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation, 87.5 million Americans
spent more than $122 billion in 2006
on wildlife-related recreation. And
this spending supports hundreds of
thousands of jobs in industries and
businesses.
The Survey is conducted every fi ve
years at the request of State fi sh and
wildlife agencies to measure the impor-tance
of wildlife-based recreation to the
American people. The 2006 Survey
represents the 11th in a series that
began in 1955. Developed in collabo-ration
with the States, the Association
of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and
national conservation organizations,
the Survey has become one of the most
important sources of information on
fi sh and wildlife-related recreation in
the United States.
In the 75-year history of the Sport Fish
and Wildlife Restoration Programs,
excise taxes on fi rearms, ammunition,
archery, and angling equipment have
generated a cumulative total of more
than $10 billion for wildlife conserva-tion
efforts by State and Territorial
wildlife agencies for fi sh and wildlife
management.
My thanks go to the men and women
who took time to participate in the
survey, as well as to the State fi sh and
wildlife agencies for their fi nancial
support through the Multistate Conser-vation
Grant Programs. Without that
support, the 2006 Survey would never
have been possible.
I am comforted to know that my chil-dren
and all Americans will have the
opportunity to appreciate our Nation’s
rich wildlife tradition. Along with
a record number of Americans, we
continue to enjoy wildlife. We are
laying the foundation for conservation’s
future.
H. Dale Hall
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Foreword
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana vii
Survey Background and Method
The National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting, and Wildlife-Asso ciated
Recreation (Survey) has been
conducted since 1955 and is one of
the oldest and most comprehensive
continuing recreation surveys. The
Survey collects information on the
number of anglers, hunters, and wild-life
watchers; how often they partici-pate;
and how much they spend on their
activities in the United States.
Preparations for the 2006 Survey began
in 2004 when the Association of Fish
and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) recom-mended
that the Fish and Wildlife
Service conduct the 11th Survey of
wildlife-related recreation. Funding
came from the Multistate Conservation
Grant Programs, authorized by Sport
Fish and Wildlife Restoration Acts, as
amended.
We consulted with State and Federal
agencies and nongovernmental
o rganizations such as the Wildlife
Management Institute and American
Sportfi shing Association to determine
survey content. Other sportsper-sons’
organizations and conservation
groups, industry representatives, and
researchers also provided valuable
advice.
Four regional technical committees
were set up under the auspices of the
AFWA to ensure that State fi sh and
wildlife agencies had an opportunity to
participate in all phases of survey plan-ning
and design. The committees were
made up of agency representatives.
Data collection for the Survey was
carried out by the U.S. Census Bureau
in two phases. The fi rst phase was the
screen which began in April 2006.
During this phase, the Census Bureau
interviewed a sample of 85,000 house-holds
nationwide to determine who
in the household had fi shed, hunted,
or wildlife watched in 2005, and who
had engaged or planned to engage
in those activities in 2006. In most
cases, one adult household member
provided information for all members.
The screen primarily covered 2005
activities while the next, more in-depth
phase covered 2006 activities. For
more information on 2005 data, refer to
Appendix B.
The second phase of data collection
consisted of three detailed inter-view
waves. The fi rst began in April
2006 concurrent with the screen, the
second in September 2006, and the
last in January 2007. Interviews were
conducted with samples of likely
anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers
who were identifi ed in the initial
screening phase. Interviews were
conducted primarily by phone, with
in-person interviews for respondents
who could not be reached by phone.
Respondents in the second survey
phase were limited to those who were
at least 16 years old. Each respondent
provided information pertaining only to
his or her activities and expenditures.
Sample sizes were designed to provide
statistically reliable results at the state
level. Information on sampling proce-dures,
sample sizes, and response rates
is found in Appendix D.
Comparability With Previous
Surveys
The 2006 Survey questions and meth-odology
were similar to those used
in the 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys.
Therefore, the estimates are compa-rable.
The methodology of these Surveys
did differ importantly from the 1985
and 1980 Surveys, so these estimates
are not directly comparable to those
of earlier surveys. Changes in meth-odology
included reducing the recall
period over which respondents had to
report their activities and expenditures.
Previous Surveys used a 12-month
recall period, which resulted in greater
reporting bias. Research found that the
amount of activity and expenditures
reported in 12-month recall surveys
was overestimated in comparison
with that reported using shorter recall
periods.
Highlights
2 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Introduction
The National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation reports results from inter-views
with U.S. residents about their
fi shing, hunting, and wildlife watching.
This report focuses on 2006 participa-tion
and expenditures of persons 16
years of age and older.
The Survey is a snapshot of one year.
The information it collected tells us
how many people participated and
how much they spent on their activi-ties
in the State in 2006. It does not
tell us how many anglers, hunters, and
wildlife watchers there were because
many do not participate every year.
For example, based on information
collected by the Survey’s household
screen and detailed phase, we can
estimate that about 33 percent more
anglers and hunters participated nation-ally
in at least 1 of the 4 years prior to
the survey year 2006.
In addition to 2006 estimates, we also
provide trend information in the High-lights
section and Appendix C of the
report. The 2006 numbers reported can
be compared with those in the 1991,
1996, and 2001 Survey reports because
they used similar methodologies. The
2006 estimates should not be directly
compared with results from Surveys
conducted earlier than 1991 because
of changes in methodology to improve
accuracy.
The report also provides information
on participation in wildlife recreation
in 2005, particularly of persons 6 to 15
years of age. The 2005 information is
provided in Appendix B. Information
about the Survey’s scope and coverage
is in Appendix D. The remainder of this
section defi nes important terms used in
the Survey.
This report does not provide infor-mation
about the State’s wildlife
resources. That, and additional infor-mation
on wildlife-related recreation,
may be obtained from State fi sh and
wildlife agencies. The Association of
Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide
the addresses and telephone numbers of
those agencies. The Association’s Web
site is <www.fi shwildlife.org>.
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Wildlife-associated recreation is
fi shing, hunting, and wildlife-watching
activities. These categories are not
mutually exclusive because many indi-viduals
participated in more than one
activity. Wildlife-associated recreation
is reported in two major categories: (1)
fi shing and hunting and (2) wildlife
watching, which includes observing,
photographing, and feeding fi sh or
wildlife.
Fishing and Hunting
This Survey reports information about
residents of the United States who
fi shed or hunted in 2006, regardless of
whether they were licensed. The fi shing
and hunting sections report information
for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2)
anglers, and (3) hunters.
Sportspersons
Sportspersons are those who fi shed
or hunted. Individuals who fi shed
or hunted commercially in 2006 are
reported as sportspersons only if they
also fi shed or hunted for recreation.
The sportspersons group is composed
of three subgroups, as shown in the
diagram on this page: (1) those that
fi shed and hunted, (2) those that only
fi shed, and (3) those that only hunted.
The total number of sportspersons is
equal to the sum of people who only
fi shed, only hunted, and both hunted
and fi shed. It is not the sum of all
anglers and all hunters because those
people who both fi shed and hunted are
included in both the angler and hunter
population and would be incorrectly
counted twice.
Anglers
Anglers are sportspersons who only
fi shed plus those who fi shed and
hunted. Anglers include not only
licensed hook and line anglers, but
also those who have no license and
those who use special methods such as
fi shing with spears.
Three types of fi shing are reported: (1)
freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes,
(2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater.
Since many anglers participated in
more than one type of fi shing, the total
number of anglers is less than the sum
of the three types of fi shing.
Hunters
Hunters are sportspersons who only
hunted plus those who hunted and
fi shed. Hunters include not only
licensed hunters using rifl es and shot-guns
but also those who had no license
and those who hunted with a bow and
arrow, primitive fi rearm, or pistol or
handgun.
Sportspersons
Anglers Hunters
Fished
only
Fished
and
hunted
Hunted
only
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 3
Four types of hunting are reported: (1)
big game, (2) small game, (3) migra-tory
bird, and (4) other animals. Since
many hunters participated in more than
one type of hunting, the sum of hunters
for big game, small game, migratory
bird, and other animals exceeds the
total number of hunters.
Wildlife Watchers
Since 1980, the National Survey has
included information on wildlife-watching
activities in addition to
fi shing and hunting. The 1991, 1996,
2001, and 2006 Surveys, unlike the
1980 and 1985 Surveys, collected data
only for activities where the primary
purpose was wildlife watching. The
1980 and 1985 Surveys included esti-mates
of unplanned wildlife watching
around the home and while on trips
taken for another purpose.
The 2006 Survey uses a strict defi ni-tion
of wildlife watching. Participants
must either take a “special interest”
in w ildlife around their homes or take
a trip for the “primary purpose” of
wildlife watching. Secondary wild-life
watching, such as incidentally
observing wildlife while pleasure
driving, is not included.
Two types of wildlife watching
are reported: (1) away-from-home
(formerly nonresidential) activities and
(2) around-the-home (formerly residen-tial)
activities. Because some people
participated in more than one type of
wildlife watching, the sum of partici-pants
in each type will be greater than
the total number of wildlife watchers.
The two types of wildlife-watching
activity are explained next.
Away-From-Home Wildlife
Watching
This group includes persons who
took trips or outings of at least 1 mile
from home for the primary purpose of
observing, feeding, or photographing
fi sh and wildlife. Trips to fi sh, hunt,
or scout and trips to zoos, circuses,
aq uariums, and museums are not
considered wildlife-watching activities.
Around-the-Home Wildlife
Watching
This group includes those who
participated within 1 mile of home and
involves one or more of the following:
(1) closely observing or trying to iden-tify
birds or other wildlife; (2) photo-graphing
wildlife; (3) feeding birds or
other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural
areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefi t
to wildlife is the primary concern; (5)
maintaining plantings (shrubs, agri-cultural
crops, etc.) where benefi t to
wildlife is the primary concern; or (6)
visiting public parks within 1 mile
of home for the primary purpose of
observing, feeding, or photographing
wildlife.
4 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
2006 Montana Summary
Fishing
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291,000
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927,000
Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $226,349,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $149,800,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $76,549,000
Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $735
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $51
Hunting
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,000
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142,000
Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $310,540,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $132,808,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $177,732,000
Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,556
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $62
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . 755,000
Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 512,000
Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 389,000
Days of participation away from home . . . . . 3,081,000
Average days of participation
away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $376,451,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $302,625,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $73,826,000
Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $497
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $98
Activities in Montana by Residents and Nonresidents Activities in Montana by Nonresidents
Fishing
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,000
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569,000
Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $103,591,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $79,210,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24,381,000
Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $874
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $139
Hunting
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,000
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359,000
Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $95,894,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $78,855,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17,039,000
Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,849
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $220
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . 343,000
Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 343,000
Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X)
Days of participation away from home . . . . 1,503,000
Average days of participation
away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $263,549,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $262,496,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,053,000
Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $765
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $175
(X) Not applicable.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 5
Activities in Montana by Residents
Fishing
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,000
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,357,000
Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $122,758,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $70,590,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $52,168,000
Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $714
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30
Hunting
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,000
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,783,000
Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $214,646,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $53,953,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $160,693,000
Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,475
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . 412,000
Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 169,000
Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 389,000
Days of participation away from home . . . . . 1,578,000
Average days of participation
away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $112,902,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,129,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $72,773,000
Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $274
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25
Activities by Montana Residents Both Inside
and Outside Montana
Fishing
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179,000
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,455,000
Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $140,895,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $84,065,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $56,830,000
Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $789
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34
Hunting
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,000
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,817,000
Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $219,465,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $56,309,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $163,156,000
Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,509
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . 412,000
Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 184,000
Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 389,000
Days of participation away from home . . . . . 1,809,000
Average days of participation
away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $131,125,000
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $57,461,000
Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $73,664,000
Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $318
Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32
6 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Participation in Montana
The 2006 Survey found that 950
thousand Montana residents and
nonresidents 16 years old and older
fi shed, hunted, or wildlife watched
in Montana. Of the total number of
participants, 291 thousand fi shed, 197
thousand hunted, and 755 thousand
participated in wildlife-watching activi-ties,
which include observing, feeding,
and photographing wildlife. The sum of
anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers
exceeds the total number of participants
in wildlife-related recreation because
many individuals engaged in more than
one wildlife-related activity.
Participation by 6-to-15-Year-Old
Montana Residents
The focus of the National Survey is
on the activity of participants 16 years
old and older. However, the activity of
6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated
using the screening data covering the
year 2005. It is assumed for estima-tion
purposes that the relative activity
levels of 6-to-15-year-old participants
and participants 16 years old and older
remained the same in 2005 and 2006.
Based on this assumption, in addition
to the 179 thousand resident anglers
16 years old and older, there were 33
thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years
old. Also, in addition to the 145 thou-sand
residents 16 years old and older
who hunted, there were 12 thousand
6-to-15-year-old residents who hunted.
Finally, there were 412 thousand
Montana residents 16 years old and
older and 50 thousand 6- to 15-year-olds
who wildlife watched. Further
information on 6- to 15-year-olds is
provided in Appendix B.
Expenditures in Montana
In 2006, state residents and nonresi-dents
spent $1.1 billion on wildlife
recreation in Montana. Of that total,
trip-related expenditures were $585
million and equipment purchases
totaled $472 million. The remaining
$72 million was spent on licenses,
contributions, land ownership and
leasing, and other items.
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Montana: 2006
(U.S. residents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 thousand
Sportspersons
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 thousand
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 thousand
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 thousand
Wildlife Watchers
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 thousand
Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 thousand
Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Tables 3, 24, and 39.
Percent of Total Participants
by Activity
(Total: 950 thousand participants)
Wildlife
watching
Fishing Hunting
31%
21%
79%
Wildlife-Associated
Recreation Expenditures in Montana
(Total: $1.1 billion)
Equipment
42%
Trip-related
52%
Other
6%
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 7
Sportspersons
In 2006, 378 thousand state resident
and nonresident sportspersons 16
years old and older fi shed or hunted
in Montana. This group comprised
291 thousand anglers (77 percent of
all sportspersons) and 197 thousand
hunters (52 percent of all sportsper-sons).
Among the 378 thousand
sportspersons who fi shed or hunted in
the state, 181 thousand (48 percent)
fi shed but did not hunt in Montana.
Another 88 thousand (23 percent)
hunted but did not fi sh there. The
remaining 110 thousand (29 percent)
fi shed and hunted in Montana in 2006.
Sportspersons’ Participation in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Sportspersons (fi shed or hunted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 thousand
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 thousand
Fished only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 thousand
Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 thousand
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 thousand
Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 thousand
Hunted and fi shed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 1.
8 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Anglers
Participants and Days of Fishing
In 2006, 291 thousand state residents
and nonresidents 16 years old and
older fi shed in Montana. Of this total,
172 thousand anglers (59 percent)
were state residents and 119 thousand
anglers (41 percent) were nonresidents.
Anglers fi shed a total of 2.9 million
days in Montana—an average of 10
days per angler. State residents fi shed
2.4 million days—81 percent of all
fi shing days in Montana. Nonresidents
fi shed 569 thousand days in Montana—
19 percent of all fi shing days in the
state.
A large majority of Montana residents
who fi shed anywhere in the United
States did so in their resident state.
There were 179 thousand Montana resi-dents
16 years old and older who fi shed
in the United States in 2006 for a total
of 2.5 million days. An estimated 96
percent of all Montana residents who
fi shed did so in their home state. Of
all fi shing days by Montana residents,
96 percent or 2.4 million were in their
home state.
Some state residents fi shed in states
other than Montana. In 2006, 19
thousand Montana residents fi shed in
other states—11 percent of all residents
fi shing in any state. They fi shed 106
thousand days as nonresidents, repre-senting
4 percent of all days fi shed by
Montana residents. For further details
about fi shing in Montana, see Table 3.
Anglers in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 thousand
Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 thousand
Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 thousand
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 million
Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 million
Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 thousand
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Montana anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 thousand
In Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 thousand
In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 thousand
Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 million
In Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 million
In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 9
Fishing Expenditures in Montana
All fi shing-related expenditures in
Montana totaled $226 million in 2006.
Trip-related expenditures, which
include food and lodging, transporta-tion,
and other trip expenses, totaled
$150 million—66 percent of all fi shing
expenditures. Expenditures for food
and lodging were $58 million and
transportation expenditures were $62
million. Other trip expenses, such as
equipment rental, bait, and cooking
fuel, totaled $30 million. Each angler
spent an average of $515 on trip-related
costs during 2006.
Anglers spent $60 million on equip-ment
in Montana in 2006, 26 percent of
all fi shing expenditures. Fishing equip-ment
(rods, reels, line, etc.) spending
totaled $24 million—40 percent of the
equipment total. Auxiliary equipment
expenditures (tents, special fi shing
clothes, etc.) and special equipment
expenditures (boats, vans, etc.)
amounted to $36 million—60 percent
of the equipment total. Special and
auxiliary equipment are items that were
purchased for fi shing but could be used
in activities other than fi shing.
The purchase of other items, such as
magazines, membership dues, licenses,
permits, stamps, and land leasing and
ownership, amounted to $17 million—7
percent of all fi shing expenditures. For
more details about fi shing expendi-tures
in Montana, see Tables 19 and 21
through 23.
Fishing Expenditures in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $226 million
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $150 million
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $60 million
Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24 million
Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $36 million
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17 million
Source: Table 19.
Percent of Anglers by Residence
(Total: 291 thousand participants)
Residents Nonresidents
59%
41%
Fishing Expenditures in Montana
(Total: $226 million)
Trip-related
66%
Other
7%
Equipment
26%
10 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Hunters
Participants and Days of Hunting
In 2006, there were 197 thousand resi-dents
and nonresidents 16 years old and
older who hunted in Montana. Resi-dent
hunters numbered 145 thousand,
accounting for 74 percent of the hunters
in Montana. There were 52 thousand
nonresidents who hunted in Montana—
26 percent of the state’s hunters.
Residents and nonresidents hunted 2.1
million days in 2006, an average of 11
days per hunter. Residents hunted 1.8
million days in Montana or 83 percent
of all hunting days, while nonresidents
spent 359 thousand days hunting in
Montana or 17 percent of all hunting
days.
Almost all Montana residents who
hunted pursued game in their home
state where they spent 98 percent of
their hunting days. For more informa-tion
on hunting activities by Montana
residents, see Table 3.
Hunters in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 thousand
Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 thousand
Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 thousand
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 million
Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 million
Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 thousand
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Montana hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 thousand
In Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 thousand
In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 million
In Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 million
In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
… Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 11
Hunting Expenditures in Montana
All hunting-related expenditures in
Montana totaled $311 million in 2006.
Trip-related expenses, such as food and
lodging, transportation, and other trip
expenses, totaled $133 million—43
percent of total expenditures. Expen-ditures
for food and lodging were $48
million and transportation expenditures
were $50 million. Other trip expenses,
such as equipment rental, totaled $34
million for the year. The average trip-related
expenditure per hunter was
$673.
Hunters spent $145 million on equip-ment—
47 percent of all hunting expen-ditures.
Hunting equipment (guns,
ammunition, etc.) totaled $63 million
and made up 43 percent of all equip-ment
costs. Hunters spent $82 million
on auxiliary equipment (tents, special
hunting clothes, etc.) and special equip-ment
(boats, vans, etc.), accounting
for 57 percent of total equipment
expenditures for hunting. Special and
auxiliary equipment are items that were
purchased for hunting but could be
used in activities other than hunting.
The purchase of other items, such as
magazines, membership dues, licenses,
permits, and land leasing and owner-ship,
cost hunters $33 million—11
percent of all hunting expenditures. For
more details on hunting expenditures in
Montana, see Tables 20 through 23.
Hunting Expenditures in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $311 million
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $133 million
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $145 million
Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $63 million
Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $82 million
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $33 million
Source: Table 20.
Percent of Hunters by Residence
(Total: 197 thousand participants)
Residents Nonresidents
74%
26%
Hunting Expenditures in Montana
(Total: $311 million)
Trip-related
43%
Other
11%
Equipment
47%
12 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Wildlife Watchers
Participants and Days of Activity
In 2006, 755 thousand U.S. residents
16 years old and older fed, observed,
or photographed wildlife in Montana.
Of those, 52 percent (389 thousand),
enjoyed their activities close to home
and are called “around-the-home”
participants. Those persons who
enjoyed wildlife at least 1 mile from
home are called “away-from-home”
participants. People participating in
away-from-home activities in Montana
in 2006 numbered 512 thousand—68
percent of all wildlife watchers in
Montana. Of the 512 thousand, 169
thousand were state residents and 343
thousand were nonresidents.
Montana residents 16 years old and
older who enjoyed away-from-home
wildlife watching within their state
totaled 169 thousand. Of this group,
162 thousand participants observed
wildlife and 90 thousand photographed
wildlife. Since some individuals
engaged in more than one away-from-home
activity during the year, the sum
of wildlife observers and photographers
exceeds the total number of away-from-home
participants.
Montana residents spent 1.6 million
days engaged in away-from-home
wildlife -watching activities in their
state. They spent 1.4 million days
observing wildlife and 477 thousand
days photographing wildlife. The sum
of days observing and photographing
wildlife exceeds the total days of
wildlife -watching activity because
individuals engaged in more than one
activity on some days. For further
details about away-from-home activi-ties,
see Table 25.
Montana residents also took an active
interest in wildlife around their homes.
In 2006, 389 thousand state residents
enjoyed observing, feeding, and photo-graphing
wildlife within 1 mile of their
homes. Among this around-the-home
group, 248 thousand fed, 285 thousand
observed, and 111 thousand photo-graphed
wildlife around their homes.
Another 37 thousand participants
maintained natural areas of 1/4 acre
or more for wildlife, and 54 thousand
participants visited public parks within
a mile of home because of the wildlife.
Summing the number of participants
Wildlife-Watching Participants in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 thousand
Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 thousand
Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 24.
Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 thousand
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 thousand
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 thousand
Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 million
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 million
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 million
… Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 25.
Around-the-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Montana
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 thousand
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 thousand
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 thousand
Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 thousand
Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 thousand
Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Visit public areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 thousand
… Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 27.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 13
in these activities results in an esti-mate
that exceeds the total number of
around-the-home participants because
many people participated in more than
one type of around-the-home activity.
In addition, 41 percent of resident
around-the-home wildlife watchers also
enjoyed wildlife away from home. For
further details about Montana resi-dents
participating in around-the-home
wildlife -watching activities, see
Table 27.
Wild Bird Observers
Bird watching attracted many wildlife
enthusiasts in Montana. In 2006, 571
thousand people observed birds around
the home and on trips in the state. A
majority, 73 percent (418 thousand)
took trips away from home to watch
birds while 44 percent (249 thousand)
observed wild birds around the home.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
in Montana
Wildlife watchers spent $376 million
on wildlife-watching activities in
Montana in 2006. Trip-related expendi-tures,
including food and lodging ($177
million), transportation ($95 million),
and other trip expenses ($30 million),
such as equipment rental, amounted
to $303 million. This summation
comprised 80 percent of all wildlife-watching
expenditures by participants.
The average of the trip-related expendi-tures
for away-from-home participants
was $591 per person in 2006.
Wildlife-watching participants spent
$55 million on equipment—15 percent
of all their expenditures. Wildlife-watching
equipment (binoculars,
special clothing, etc.) expenditures
totaled $44 million, 80 percent of
the equipment total. The remainder
was spent on special and auxiliary
equipment.
Other items purchased by wildlife -
watching participants, such as
magazines, membership dues and
contributions, land leasing and owner-ship,
and plantings, totaled $19
million—5 percent of all wildlife -
watching expenditures. For more
details about wildlife-watching expen-ditures
in Montana, see Table 31.
Wild Bird Observers in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 thousand
Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 thousand
Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 thousand
Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 million
Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.1 million
Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 29.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Montana
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $376 million
Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $303 million
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $55 million
Wildlife watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $44 million
Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19 million
… Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Source: Table 31.
Around-the-Home and Away-
From-Home Participation
by Montana Residents
(Total: 389 thousand participants)
Both around
the home and
away from
home
Around the
home only
59%
41%
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
in Montana
(Total: $376 million)
Trip-related
80%
Other
5%
Equipment
15%
14 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
1996–2006 Comparisons
Comparing the estimates from the
1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys gives
a perspective on the state of wildlife-related
recreation in the late 1990s and
early-to-mid 2000s in Montana. Only
the most general recreation compari-sons
are presented here.
The best way to compare estimates
from surveys is not to compare the
estimates themselves but to compare
the confi dence intervals around the
estimates. A 90-percent confi dence
interval around an estimate gives the
range of estimates that 90 percent of all
possible representative samples would
supply. If the 90-percent confi dence
intervals of two surveys’ estimates
overlap, it is not possible to say the two
estimates are statistically different.
The state resident estimates cover the
participation and expenditure activity
of Montana residents anywhere in the
United States. The in-state estimates
cover the participation, day, and expen-diture
activity of U.S. residents
in Montana.
The expenditure estimates were made
comparable by adjusting the estimates
for infl ation—all estimates are in 2006
dollars.
Montana 1996 and 2006 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands)
1996 2006 Percent change
Fishing
Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 291 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,617 2,927 *
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $313,678 $226,349 *
State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 179 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $131,362 $140,895 *
Hunting
Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 197 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,807 2,142 *
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $278,094 $310,540 *
State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 145 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $125,503 $219,465 75
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 512 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,697 3,081 *
State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 184 *
Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 389 30
Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 285 36
Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 248 *
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . $281,942 $376,451 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $177,505 $131,125 *
* Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of signifi cance.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 15
Montana 2001 and 2006 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands)
2001 2006 Percent change
Fishing
Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 291 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,068 2,927 *
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $332,937 $226,349 *
State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 179 –19
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $231,136 $140,895 –39
Hunting
Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 197 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,442 2,142 *
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $270,870 $310,540 *
State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 145 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $183,812 $219,465 *
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 512 *
Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,612 3,081 *
State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 184 *
Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 389 *
Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 285 *
Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 248 *
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . $399,382 $376,451 *
Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $256,851 $131,125 *
* Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of signifi cance.
Number of People Who Hunted
and Fished in Montana: 1996–2006
(In thousands)
Hunters
Anglers
1996 2001 2006
194
336
229
349
197
291
Number of People Who Wildlife
Watched in Montana: 1996–2006
(In thousands)
Away from home
Around the home
1996 2001 2006
394
300
511
341
512
389
Total Expenditures by
Participants in Montana
(In millions of 2006 dollars)
Wildlife watchers
Hunters
Anglers
1996 2001 2006
314
278 282
333
271
399
226
311
376
16 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Purpose and Coverage of Tables
The statistical tables of this report were
designed to meet a wide range of needs
for those interested in wildlife-related
recreation. Special terms used in these
tables are defi ned in Appendix A.
The tables are based on responses to
the 2006 Survey, which was designed
to collect data about participation in
wi ldlife-related recreation. To have
taken part in the Survey, a respondent
must have been a U.S. resident (a
resident of one of the 50 states or the
District of Columbia). No one residing
outside the United States (including
U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter-viewing.
Therefore, reported state and
national totals do not include partici-pation
by those who were not U.S.
residents or who were U.S. citizens
residing outside the United States.
Comparability With Previous
Surveys
The numbers reported can be compared
with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001
Survey Reports. The methodology used
in 2006 was similar to that used in
those Surveys. These results should not
be directly compared to results from
Surveys earlier than 1991 since there
were major changes in methodology
in 1991. These changes were made to
improve accuracy in the estimates.
Coverage of an Individual Table
Since the Survey covers many activi-ties
in various places by participants
of different ages, all table titles,
headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are
designed to identify and articulate each
item being reported in the table. For
example, the title of Table 2 shows that
data about anglers and hunters, their
days of participation, and their number
of trips are reported by type of activity.
By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi-cates
that it contains data on freshwater
anglers and the days they fi shed for
different species.
Percentages Reported in the Tables
Percentages are reported in the tables
for the convenience of the user. When
exclusive groups are being reported, the
base of a percentage is apparent from
its context because the percents add to
100 percent (plus or minus a rounding
error). For example, Table 2 reports
the number of trips taken by big game
hunters, those taken by small game
hunters, those taken by migratory bird
hunters, and those taken by hunters
pursuing other animals. These comprise
100 percent because they are exclusive
categories.
Percents should not add to 100 when
nonexclusive groups are being reported.
Using Table 2 as an example again,
note that adding the percentages associ-ated
with the total number of big game
hunters, total small game hunters,
total migratory bird hunters, and total
hunters of other animals will not yield
total hunters because respondents could
hunt for more than one type of game.
When the base of the percentage is not
apparent in context, it is identifi ed in a
footnote. For example, Table 15 reports
two percentages with different bases:
one base being the number of total
participants at the head of the column
and the other base being the total popu-lation
who are described by the row
category. Footnotes are used to clarify
the bases of the reported percentages.
Footnotes to the Tables
Footnotes are used to clarify the infor-mation
or items that are being reported
in a table. Symbols in the body of a
table indicate important footnotes.
These symbols are used in the tables
to refer to the same footnote each time
they appear:
* Estimate based on a sample size of
10–29.
... Sample size too small to report data
reliably because there were fewer
than 10 responses.
W Less than .5 dollars.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
X Not applicable.
NA Not asked.
Estimates based upon fewer than 10
responses are regarded as being based
on a sample size that is too small for
reliable reporting. An estimate based
upon at least 10 but fewer than 30
responses is treated as an estimate
based on a small sample size. Other
footnotes appear, as necessary, to
qualify or clarify the estimates reported
in the tables. In addition, these two
important footnotes appear frequently:
• Detail does not add to total because
of multiple responses.
• Detail does not add to total because
of multiple responses and nonre-sponse.
“Multiple responses” is a term used
to refl ect the fact that individuals or
their characteristics fall into more than
one category. Using Table 12 as an
example, those who hunt for big game,
small game, migratory birds, and other
animals are counted only once as a
hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row.
Another example is Table 15, where
total anglers and hunters add up to
more than total sportspersons. Totals
will be smaller than the sum of subcat-egories
when multiple responses exist.
“Nonresponse” exists because the
Survey questions were answered
voluntarily and some respondents did
not or could not answer all the ques-tions.
Totals are greater than the sum of
subcategories when nonresponses have
occurred. This occurs because some
respondents answered the question that
provided the category estimate but did
not answer the subcategory questions.
Guide to Statistical Tables
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 17
Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Montana by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number
Percent of
sportspersons Number
Percent of
resident
sportspersons Number
Percent of
nonresident
sportspersons
Total sportspersons (fished or hunted) . . . . . . . . 378 100 226 100 152 100
Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 77 172 76 119 78
Fished only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 48 81 36 100 66
Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 29 91 40 ... ...
Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 52 145 64 *52 *34
Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 23 54 24 *33 *22
Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 29 91 40 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Montana by Type of Fishing and
Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants Days of participation Trips
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 2,927 100 2,017 100
Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 2,927 100 2,017 100
Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 2,927 100 2,017 100
Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
HUNTING
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 100 2,142 100 1,690 100
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 92 1,906 89 1,390 82
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 22 316 15 209 12
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *16 *8 *69 *3 *60 *4
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
18 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and hunters, trips,
and days of participation
Activity in Montana Activity by Montana residents in United States
Total, state
residents and
nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Total, in state
of residence and
in other states
In state
of residence
In other
states
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 172 59 119 41 179 100 172 96 *19 *11
Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,017 100 1,846 92 171 8 1,901 100 1,846 97 *55 *3
Total days of fishing. . . . . . . . . 2,927 100 2,357 81 569 19 2,455 100 2,357 96 *106 *4
Average days of fishing . . . . . . 10 (X) 14 (X) 5 (X) 14 (X) 14 (X) *6 (X)
HUNTING
Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 100 145 74 *52 *26 145 100 145 100 ... ...
Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,690 100 1,603 95 *87 *5 1,634 100 1,603 98 ... ...
Total days of hunting . . . . . . . . 2,142 100 1,783 83 *359 *17 1,817 100 1,783 98 ... ...
Average days of hunting . . . . . 11 (X) 12 (X) *7 (X) 12 (X) 12 (X) ... (X)
(X) Not applicable. * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 4. Montana Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Place fished or hunted
Anglers Hunters
Number Percent Number Percent
Total, all places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 100 145 100
In-state only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 89 142 98
In-state and other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *12 *7 ... ...
In other states only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail may not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 19
Table 5. Montana Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants Days of participation Trips
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 100 2,455 100 1,901 100
Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 100 2,449 100 1,896 100
Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . 179 100 2,449 100 1,896 100
Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
HUNTING
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 100 1,817 100 1,634 100
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 94 1,562 86 1,322 81
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 24 307 17 198 12
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *16 *11 *95 *5 *66 *4
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Montana
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 172 59 119 41
Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,017 100 1,846 92 171 8
Total days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927 100 2,357 81 569 19
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (X) 14 (X) 5 (X)
ANGLERS
Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 172 59 119 41
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 100 128 77 *38 *23
Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 100 116 54 98 46
DAYS
Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927 100 2,357 81 569 19
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,410 100 1,247 88 *163 *12
Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 100 1,118 74 399 26
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
20 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Montana by Type of Fish: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Montana
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number
Percent of
total
types
Percent of
anglers/
days Number
Percent of
anglers/
days Number
Percent of
anglers/
days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 100 172 59 119 41
Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 *9 *100 *25 *100 ... ...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *22 *8 *100 *21 *93 ... ...
Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 14 100 *34 *83 ... ...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . *28 *10 *100 *21 *75 ... ...
Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 81 100 132 56 104 44
Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *13 *4 *100 *10 *79 ... ...
Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *13 *5 *100 ... ... ... ...
Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *10 *3 *100 *10 *100 ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927 100 100 2,357 81 569 19
Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *153 *5 *100 *153 *100 ... ...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *138 *5 *100 *133 *97 ... ...
Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 11 100 *301 *96 ... ...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . *279 *10 *100 *206 *74 ... ...
Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,100 72 100 1,635 78 465 22
Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *54 *2 *100 *45 *82 ... ...
Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *44 *2 *100 ... ... ... ...
Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *60 *2 *100 *60 *100 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 21
Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Montana: 2006
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Montana by Type of Fish: 2006
This table does not apply to this state.
22 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Montana: 2006
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Montana by Type of Fish: 2006
This table does not apply to this state.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 23
Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Montana by Type of Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters, trips, and days of hunting
Activity in Montana
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 100 145 74 *52 *26
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 100 137 75 *46 *25
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 100 35 80 ... ...
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *16 *100 *15 *93 ... ...
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
TRIPS
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,690 100 1,603 95 *87 *5
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,390 100 1,322 95 *68 *5
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 100 190 91 ... ...
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *60 *100 *60 *100 ... ...
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
DAYS
Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142 100 1,783 83 *359 *17
Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,906 100 1,562 82 *344 *18
Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 100 277 88 ... ...
Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *69 *100 *69 *100 ... ...
Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
24 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Montana by Type of Game: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of game
Hunters, state
residents and nonresidents
Days of hunting
Number Percent Number Percent
Total, all types of game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 100 2,142 100
Big game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 92 1,906 89
Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 82 1,434 67
Elk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 63 1,216 57
Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Wild turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *18 *9 *93 *4
Small game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 22 316 15
Rabbit, hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Grouse/prairie chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *30 *15 *184 *9
Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Pheasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *27 *14 *151 *7
Other small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Migratory birds, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *16 *8 *69 *3
Waterfowl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *13 *7 *66 *3
Geese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Duck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *13 *6 *65 *3
Dove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other animals, total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Montana by Type of Land: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters and days of hunting
Total, state
residents and nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all types of land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 100 145 100 *52 *100
Public land, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 74 116 79 *30 *57
Public land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 42 61 42 ... ...
Public and private land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 31 55 38 ... ...
Private land, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 54 82 57 *24 *46
Private land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 23 *28 *19 *17 *33
Private and public land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 31 55 38 ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142 100 1,783 100 *359 *100
Public land1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,569 73 1,367 77 *201 *56
Private land2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 45 798 45 *172 *48
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land.
2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 25
Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Montana Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Sportspersons
(fished or hunted)
Anglers Hunters
Number Percent Number
Percent
who
partici-pated
Percent
of
sports-persons
Number
Percent
who
partici-pated
Percent
of
anglers Number
Percent
who
partici-pated
Percent
of
hunters
Total persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 100 232 31 100 179 24 100 145 19 100
Population Density of Residence
Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 54 93 23 40 77 19 43 53 13 36
Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 46 139 40 60 102 29 57 93 27 64
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan statistical area
(MSA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 34 69 27 30 58 22 32 39 15 27
1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Less than 250,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 34 69 27 30 58 22 32 39 15 27
Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 66 163 33 70 121 24 68 106 21 73
Sex
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 51 183 47 79 138 36 77 129 33 89
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 49 49 13 21 41 11 23 *17 *5 *11
Age
16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
18 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
25 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 12 *34 *39 *15 *26 *30 *14 *28 *32 *19
35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 20 50 34 22 40 27 22 *30 *20 *21
45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 20 49 33 21 34 23 19 35 24 24
55 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 16 47 39 20 37 31 21 *29 *24 *20
65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 20 *30 *20 *13 *28 *18 *15 *14 *9 *10
Ethnicity
Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 *3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 97 228 31 99 175 24 98 144 20 99
Race
White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 93 220 31 95 170 24 95 139 20 95
Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6 *12 *25 *5 *9 *19 *5 ... ... ...
Annual Household Income
Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *23 *3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
$10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 11 *16 *19 *7 *14 *16 *8 *10 *12 *7
$20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 15 *30 *26 *13 *25 *22 *14 *14 *12 *10
$30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 12 *28 *30 *12 *22 *24 *13 *16 *17 *11
$40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 11 *28 *35 *12 *21 *26 *12 *18 *22 *12
$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 17 52 39 22 36 27 20 39 30 27
$75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 9 *28 *43 *12 *21 *32 *12 *17 *26 *12
$100,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 6 *17 *34 *7 *15 *30 *8 ... ... ...
Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 15 *26 *23 *11 *22 *19 *12 *16 *14 *11
Education
11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 9 *19 *28 *8 *11 *17 *6 ... ... ...
12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 38 90 32 39 70 25 39 61 22 42
1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 26 51 26 22 40 21 22 *29 *15 *20
4 years college or more . . . . . . . . . . . 207 27 72 35 31 57 28 32 44 21 30
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity
named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who
are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
26 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753,242 426 1,769 1,946
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,136 310 342 281
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,805 323 346 296
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,667 213 304 171
Equipment (fishing, hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,733 201 435 223
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,841 100 290 68
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300,536 34 8,795 771
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,176 61 52 7
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,567 61 173 27
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,781 348 114 102
FISHING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226,349 304 744 735
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,092 220 264 200
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,516 234 263 212
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,192 181 167 104
Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,765 141 168 72
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3,186 *29 *109 *11
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *32,987 *10 *3,258 *83
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *663 *13 *50 *2
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,202 218 70 49
HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310,540 216 1,434 1,556
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,044 171 282 243
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,289 175 287 255
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,475 52 664 175
Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,657 108 578 312
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,417 52 315 75
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,317 *25 *54 *6
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,886 38 181 33
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,579 178 138 123
UNSPECIFIED5
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215,041 69 3,128 560
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
2 Includes tents, special clothing, etc.
3 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
4 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 27
Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per spender
(dollars)
Average per angler
(dollars)
ALL FISHING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209,739 275 764 681
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,092 220 264 200
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,516 234 263 212
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,192 181 167 104
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,938 145 414 166
ALL FRESHWATER
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206,200 275 751 669
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,092 220 264 200
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,260 234 262 211
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,192 181 167 104
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,655 144 393 155
FRESHWATER, EXCEPT
GREAT LAKES
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,285 274 720 669
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,092 220 264 200
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,260 234 262 211
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,192 181 167 104
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,740 143 333 155
GREAT LAKES
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
SALTWATER
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.
28 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per spender
(dollars)
Average per hunter
(dollars)
ALL HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,759 192 1,449 1,394
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,044 171 282 243
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,289 175 287 255
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,475 52 664 175
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,951 124 1,173 721
BIG GAME
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223,748 176 1,268 1,219
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,920 159 282 247
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,307 161 270 238
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,523 48 637 168
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,998 103 1,015 567
SMALL GAME
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,378 51 457 1,161
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2,158 *34 *64 *171
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,722 32 176 454
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,579 30 380 226
MIGRATORY BIRD
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *22,029 *16 *1,336 *716
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *877 *12 *72 *338
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *951 *13 *74 *366
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
OTHER ANIMALS
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 29
Table 19. Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average per
angler
(dollars)
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
anglers
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226,349 735 304 105 744
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,800 515 263 91 569
Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,092 200 257 88 226
Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,991 127 212 73 175
Lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,101 73 71 24 299
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,516 212 234 81 263
Other trip costs, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,192 104 181 62 167
Privilege and other fees1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,194 52 35 12 429
Boating costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,890 37 51 18 214
Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,434 8 117 40 21
Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897 3 62 21 15
Heating and cooking fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 3 28 10 28
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR FISHING
Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,765 72 141 49 168
Reels, rods, and rod-making components . . . . . . . . . . . 9,838 25 51 17 194
Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,168 14 99 34 42
Artificial lures and flies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,002 17 113 39 44
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff
hooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...
Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers. . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...
Other fishing equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,458 15 39 14 113
Auxiliary equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3,186 *11 *29 *10 *109
Special equipment5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *32,987 *83 *10 *3 *3,258
Other fishing costs6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,610 54 220 76 76
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use.
2 Boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
3 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment.
4 Includes tents, special fishing clothing, etc.
5 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
6 Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this
state are included.
30 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 20. Expenditures in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average per
hunter
(dollars)
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
hunters
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310,540 1,556 216 110 1,434
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,808 673 183 93 724
Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,044 243 183 93 262
Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,585 165 171 86 191
Lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *15,459 *78 *38 *19 *406
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,289 255 175 89 287
Other trip costs, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *34,475 *175 *52 *26 *664
Privilege and other fees1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33,061 *168 *35 *18 *944
Boating costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...
Heating and cooking fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING
Hunting equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,657 312 108 55 578
Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,811 171 48 24 728
Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,071 36 79 40 89
Other hunting equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,774 105 46 23 449
Auxiliary equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,417 75 52 26 315
Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...
Other hunting costs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,782 163 190 96 172
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes guide fees, pack trip or package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment.
2 Includes bows, arrows, archery equipment, telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting
knives, and other hunting equipment.
3 Includes tents, special hunting clothing, etc.
4 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
5 Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 percent because spenders who did not hunt
in this state are included.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 31
Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Montana for Fishing and Hunting by Montana
Residents and Nonresidents: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657,349 366 1,795 1,738
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . 209,739 275 764 722
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,092 220 264 200
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,516 234 263 212
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,890 51 214 37
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,302 174 111 66
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,938 145 414 206
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . 277,759 192 1,449 1,408
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,044 171 282 243
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,289 175 287 255
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,596 51 656 170
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,951 124 1,173 735
Unspecified equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,852 32 5,381 449
STATE RESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477,878 213 2,246 2,114
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . 116,167 164 710 676
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,817 137 181 144
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,117 148 217 187
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,069 47 215 59
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,587 115 31 21
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,577 116 393 265
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . 191,931 134 1,433 1,319
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,987 122 172 144
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,515 127 248 217
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *572 *23 *25 *4
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,978 104 1,328 948
Unspecified equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,779 31 5,462 751
NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,
total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179,472 153 1,170 1,179
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . 93,571 111 842 788
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,275 83 399 280
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,399 86 341 247
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,715 59 268 132
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *14,361 *29 *496 *121
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . 85,828 58 1,487 1,655
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *27,057 *49 *554 *522
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *18,774 *48 *394 *362
Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *33,025 *28 *1,177 *637
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6,973 *20 *354 *134
Unspecified equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
2 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil.
3 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
32 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 22. Summary of Montana Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside
Montana: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575,529 227 2,540 2,485
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,981 195 267 224
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,032 201 358 311
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,361 137 119 71
Equipment (fishing, hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,432 162 514 360
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,804 83 273 98
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295,567 34 8,638 1,276
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,169 51 62 14
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,799 41 190 34
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,384 212 105 97
FISHING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,895 173 814 789
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,132 144 210 169
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,609 155 256 222
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,324 128 112 80
Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,960 116 198 129
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2,193 *21 *104 *12
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *694 *10 *68 *4
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,815 125 54 38
HUNTING
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,465 140 1,563 1,509
Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,849 122 179 150
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,423 127 255 223
Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *2,037 *24 *85 *14
Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,524 94 630 409
Auxiliary equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,408 48 300 99
Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,315 *20 *65 *9
Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *6,463 *31 *211 *44
Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,570 135 115 107
UNSPECIFIED5
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,221 59 3,652 925
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
2 Includes tents, special clothing, etc.
3 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
4 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 33
Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Montana Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender
(dollars)
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)
IN MONTANA
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548,075 223 2,458 2,425
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,543 213 585 551
Equipment (fishing and hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,205 158 495 346
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,052 80 276 98
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291,621 33 8,724 1,290
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,654 212 150 140
Expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,758 169 724 714
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,590 162 435 411
Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,826 113 175 115
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,680 *18 *93 *10
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,590 123 54 38
Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,646 140 1,529 1,475
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,953 133 407 371
Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,870 92 626 398
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,231 47 301 98
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,715 136 167 156
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total4 . . . . . 209,948 56 3,724 929
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,673 31 1,146 1,592
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *24,607 *19 *1,268 *1,098
Equipment (fishing and hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4,670 *14 *332 *208
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,698 *15 *116 *76
Expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *20,167 *20 *1,006 *1,054
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *15,506 *16 *961 *810
Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1,014 *10 *103 *53
Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *11,008 *10 *1,151 *3,365
Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Auxiliary equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total 4 . . . . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes tents, special hunting or fishing clothing, etc.
2 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc.
3 Includes magazines, books, membership dues, contributions, land leasing and ownership, stamps, tags, and licenses.
4 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
34 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Montana by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants Number Percent
Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 100
Away from home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 68
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 64
Photograph wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 49
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ...
Around the home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 52
Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 38
Photograph wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 15
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 33
Visit public parks1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *54 *7
Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 *6
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
Montana: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants, trips, and days
of participation
Activity in Montana
Total, state residents and
nonresidents
State
residents
Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
PARTICIPANTS
Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 100 169 100 343 100
Observe wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 95 162 96 324 95
Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 73 *90 *53 282 82
Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
TRIPS
Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,993 100 1,473 100 520 100
Average days per trip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 (X) 1 (X) 3 (X)
DAYS
Total days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,081 100 1,578 100 1,503 100
Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,555 83 *1,365 *86 1,190 79
Photographing wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,544 50 *477 *30 1,067 71
Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Average days per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (X) 9 (X) 4 (X)
Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 (X) *8 (X) 4 (X)
Photographing wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 (X) *5 (X) 4 (X)
Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... (X) ... (X) ... (X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Montana 35
Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed
in Montana: 2006
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed
Total, state residents and
nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total all wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 100 169 33 343 67
Total birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 100 158 36 276 64
Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). . . . . . . . . . 176 100 *85 *48 *91 *52
Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 100 *128 *35 238 65
Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swan, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 100 *115 *41 *162 *59
Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.) . . . . 190 100 *74 *39 *115 *61
Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.) . . . . 221 100 *90 *41 *131 *59
Total land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 100 149 31 328 69
Large land mammals (bears, bison, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 100 144 31 328 69
Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.) . . . . 297 100 *119 *40 178 60
Fish (salmon, shark, etc.).