Report to Congress on the Recovery Program for Threatened and Endangered Species 1996

              Report to Congress on
the Recovery Program
for Threatened and
Endangered Species
1996
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Report to Congress on
the Recovery Program
for Threatened and
Endangered Species
1996
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Cover photo by
P. Mullen/USFWS
Introduction
The Endangered Species Act of
1973, [16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.]
(Act), has as its primary purpose
the conservation of endangered
and threatened species and the
ecosystems upon which they
depend. The ultimate goal of such
conservation is the recovery of
endangered and threatened
species and their ecosystems, so
that they no longer need the
conservation measures afforded
them under the Act. Among other
things, the Act requires the
development of recovery plans for
listed endangered or threatened
species (except for those species
where it is determined that such a
plan will not promote the
conservation of the species),
which serve as an important tool
to organize and guide the recovery
process, and ensure that recovery
is achieved.
The Endangered Species Act
amendments of 1988 (Public Law
100-478/50 CFR 1533(f)(3))
included a requirement that the
Secretaries of the Interior and
Commerce report to Congress every
two years on the status of efforts to
develop and implement recovery plans,
and the status of all species for which
recovery plans have been developed.
This is the fourth Report to Congress
on the status of the recovery program
for federally listed endangered and
threatened species under the Secretary
of the Interior’s jurisdiction. The
Secretary of the Interior has delegated
responsibility for endangered species
recovery to the Fish and Wildlife
Service.
Recovery Overview
Recovery is the cornerstone and
ultimate purpose of the endangered
species program. Recovery is the
process by which the decline of an
endangered or threatened species is
arrested or reversed, and threats to its
survival are neutralized, so that its
long-term survival in nature can be
ensured. The goal of this process is to
restore listed species to a point where
they are secure, self-sustaining
components of their ecosystem and,
thus, to allow delisting.
Recovery of threatened and endangered
species is a tremendous challenge.
Recovery must reverse declines that
often have occurred over the course of
two centuries. The habitat base for
species at the time of listing is usually
very limited. Many listed species are
facing multiple threats. Reversing
long-term declines and conserving the
habitat of listed species, while
accommodating society’s other goals,
requires finding innovative solutions.
The many success stories of species now
on the road to recovery illustrate what
it takes to achieve recovery of
endangered and threatened species.
Successful recovery often takes many
years of research, restoration,
protection, and active management. The
key ingredient almost always necessary
for all of this is the Service’s role in
finding and keeping many partners
working together to achieve common
goals over time.
The primary objectives of the Service’s
recovery program, while working in
close cooperation with our partners, are
to: 1) complete development of recovery
plans within 2.5 years of a species being
listed, to the maximum extent possible;
2) determine tasks necessary to reduce
or eliminate the threats to the species;
3) apply available resources to the
highest priority species and recovery
tasks; and, 4) reclassify and delist
species as appropriate. Recovery tasks
for a specific species might include:
defining threats through research on
biological requirements, managing
threats through habitat protection and
restoration, or in some cases,
augmenting a severely depleted
population with captive breeding. All of
these activities and associated efforts
must allow time for an endangered
species to respond biologically to
protective efforts on its behalf.
In addition to time, all of these
activities require resources, both
monetary and personnel. Figure 1
illustrates appropriated funding for
endangered species recovery activities,
relative to the recovery workload
(expressed as number of listed species).
Congressional funding authorizations to
support the Service’s recovery program
have increased in recent years. Still, the
increases have not kept pace with the
increasing workload. This has resulted
in a need to prioritize, and focus
recovery efforts on those species that
are declining the most rapidly or closest
to the brink of extinction. Once species
have been stabilized or start to increase,
attention turns to other species in more
critical condition. Thus, species
Figure 1: Recovery workload and allocated funding
Number of Listed Species
Allocated Funding
1
recovery slows, and fewer species have
recovered to the point of delisting than
might be desired. Under the
circumstances, the Service has done an
excellent job of keeping species from
dropping off the edge and becoming
extinct, and planning for their recovery
(discussed later). However, additional
increases in resources will be necessary
in the future to finish the job of
recovering species so that they no
longer need the protections of the ESA.
Recovery Policy
In 1994, the Service initiated a major
effort to improve the overall national
implementation of the ESA and began
developing a suite of new national
policies addressing certain aspects of
implementation of the Act. A number of
these policies address issues which can
arise during the recovery process. The
first four, published in July, 1994, were
described in the Service’s 1994 Report
to Congress, and included policies on: 1)
recovery plan participation and imple-mentation;
2) the role of state agencies
in ESA activities; 3) incorporation of
ecosystem consid-erations;
and 4)
peer review.
During the period
covered by this
report, October 1,
1994 through Sep-tember
30, 1996,
the Service con-tinued
to develop
and implement
policies to im-prove
implemen-tation
of the ESA.
The Act allows the
listing of distinct
population seg-ments
of verte-brate
species. This
can have implica-tions
for both reclassification and
delisting. The Policy Regarding the
Recognition of Distinct Vertebrate
Population Segments, developed
jointly with the National Marine
Fisheries Service, clarifies the
Services’ interpretation of what
constitutes a distinct population
segment. Likewise a joint Policy for
Conserving Species Listed or Proposed
for Listing Under the Endangered
Species Act While Providing and
Enhancing Recreational Fisheries
Opportunities was issued which
promotes collaboration with other
Federal, State, and Tribal fisheries
managers to conserve listed and
proposed fishes. In addition, policies
providing guidance and consistency in
how controlled propagation may be
used for the conservation of listed
species and how intercross and
intercross progeny should be treated
under the Act were drafted and
proposed for public comment; both of
these will be completed soon.
Recovery Planning and Implementation
The Service’s Recovery Program is
multifaceted, involving the
development of recovery plans for
listed species, the implementation of
those plans, and ultimately the
delisting of species as they recover.
Implementing such a program for
almost 1000 listed species involves staff
in Service offices around the country as
well as many public and private
partners in other Federal and State
agencies, environmental organizations,
businesses and private landowners
throughout the country.
The job of recovering endangered and
threatened
species may
begin even
before a species
is formally
listed. Where
possible, the
Service works
with local
governments
and private
land owners to
develop
candidate
conservation
agreements,
which may
arrest a
species’ decline
and, in some
cases, actually
prevent the need for proceeding with
listing a species. For those species
which must be listed anyway,
development of a recovery outline (or
recovery strategy) is required within 60
days of listing. This ensures that
recovery actions are begun
immediately, rather than awaiting
finalization of a more complete,
detailed recovery plan. If a
conservation agreement already exists
it can be folded easily into a recovery
outline and expedite recovery
implementation since partners may
already be working together.
The recovery plan then identifies a
more comprehensive suite of recovery
actions that, implemented on top of
those already begun, the recovery team
and the Service believe will ensure the
species is set on the road to recovery.
Implementation of all recovery tasks
identified in a recovery plan is not
assured by publication of the plan.
Indeed, many recovery tasks are not
within the purview of the Fish and
Wildlife Service. Many recovery tasks
may require actions by other federal
land managers, state and local agencies,
or even private land owners. It is the
Service’s job to identify the appropriate
parties and to develop partnerships
with them, so that creative ways of
implementing recovery actions are
found. It takes resources and time to
identify and develop such partnerships,
and then time for listed species
population numbers to respond to
recovery tasks as they are
implemented, so actual recovery may
take a number of years.
Finally, as a species begins to approach
recovery, surveys are necessary to
confirm that it has recovered as a self-sustaining,
functioning element of its
ecosystem. As mentioned earlier,
federal appropriations have not kept
pace with the increasing number of
listed species in recent years. As a
result, as some species populations are
stabilized or they approach recovery,
funds may be diverted to other, more
critical species. In some cases, this
means that the final key actions
necessary to achieve full recovery have
not been implemented due to
inadequate funding. Finally, the Act
requires that species that are delisted
because they have recovered be
monitored for at least five years after
delisting, to ensure that removing the
protections of the Act does not result in
the species becoming threatened again.
1996 Status of Listed Species
As of September 30, 1996, 960 U.S.
species were listed as threatened or
endangered under the ESA. Nine
hundred forty-three of these listed
species were under the jurisdiction of
the Fish and Wildlife Service. The
remaining 17 species are under the
jurisdiction of the National Marine
Fisheries Service. Recovery “entities”
are addressed in this report. Although
the gray wolf is listed as a single
species, three separate recovery entities
exist: Eastern (timber), Northern
Rocky Mountain and Mexican.
Gray wolf
2
Likewise, there are three
recovery entities of piping
plover (Atlantic coast, Great
Lakes and Northern Great
Plains). The tables in the
Appendix show the listing
status, population status and the
recovery plan development stage
for 949 recovery entities under
the jurisdiction of the Fish and
Wildlife Service reported as of
September 30, 1996. For the
purpose of this report they are
all called species. In addition,
species that had been delisted as
of September 30, 1996, because
the species had recovered, or
because of taxonomic revisions
or the species had been
determined to be extinct, are not
included in the figures and
statistics below.
Overall, by the end of fiscal year
1996, 352 (over 37%) of the U.S.
listed endangered or threatened
species had been stabilized or were
improving. This number is very
encouraging, especially given the large
number of highly imperilled species
that have been listed in the past decade.
As of October 1, 1990, there were 581
U.S. listed species under the
jurisdiction of the Fish and Wildlife
Service. By September 30, 1996, 960
U.S. species were listed as threatened
or endangered, 943 of which were under
the jurisdiction of the Fish and Wildlife
Service. This constitutes a 62 percent
increase in listed species and
concomitant recovery workload over a
six-year period. A closer look at the
data reveals that the recovery program
is even more successful as recovery
actions are implemented over several
years, as illustrated in Figure 2. Forty-eight
percent of those species listed
before 1989 are now stabilized or
improving and 58% of those species
first listed between 1968 and 1973 are
either stable or are improving.
When comparing the population trend
data in Figure 2 to data in the 1994
Report to Congress on the Recovery
Program, the percentage of stabilized
or increasing species has remained
stable in most of the 5-year intervals.
This is not surprising, since recovery
takes time, and two years is not a
significant period of time in which to
expect population level changes.
Normal fluctuations in natural
conditions, such as relatively wet or dry
years, can temporarily influence
population trends for almost any
species, so small fluctuations in the
numbers of species with stabilized or
improved population status are not
unexpected. The largest change
between 1994 and 1996 is seen in the
increase in the percentage of species
listed between 1989-93 that have been
stabilized or begun to increase, from
22% to 31%. As this group had been
listed for the shortest period of time
before the 1994 Report, it was not
surprising that this group had the
poorest status at the time the 1994
Report was prepared. Similarly, it is
not surprising that only 20% of the
species listed most recently, in the 1994-
96 category, were reported as stabilized
or improving. Because nearly 60% of all
species listed by September 30, 1996,
were listed in the previous 7 years, we
would not expect to see a large increase
in the overall number of stabilized and
improved species until these recently
listed species have had time to realize
the benefits of recovery planning and
implementation. However, the
improvement in the 1989-93 category
suggests that quick action can be very
important in stabilizing and improving
the status of listed species.
The first step in moving a threatened or
endangered species towards recovery is
gaining an understanding of the threats
it faces and the effects those threats
have on population status. The
ecological requirements for feeding,
breeding, sheltering, and nurturing as
well as threats may not be fully
understood at the time a species is
listed. Figure 2 illustrates the Service’s
ability, through the recovery program,
to increase our knowledge of species’
status and the threats that they face.
This is reflected in the marked decrease
over time in species for which
population trends are uncertain or
unknown—from 47% for species listed
since 1993, the most recent years, to
only 13% for those listed prior to 1974.
Another important step in recovering a
listed species is the preparation of a
recovery plan that outlines conservation
measures necessary for species’
recovery and identifies those State,
Federal, Tribal and private partners
that could contribute to the recovery
effort. The Service and its partners
have made tremendous progress in this
area over the past two years. As
illustrated in Figure 3, 73% of the 949
Service-managed species listed as of
September 30, 1996, had final, approved
recovery plans. An additional 17% had
draft plans, 9% had plans in the first
stages of development, and the
remaining 1% were exempted from
recovery planning requirements
because the Service has determined
that they would not benefit from
recovery plan preparation. In
comparison, at the end of September,
1994, only 54% of the listed species had
final, approved plans, 21% had draft
Figure 2: Current population trends of listed species according to time of listing
13%
29%
58%
17%
41%
42% 44% 46%
31%
20%
25%
31%
15%
39%
34%
35%
33%
47%
3
plans, 18% had plans in the first stages
of development, recovery planning for
6% had not yet begun, and 2% were
exempt. The Service has been working
aggressively to reduce and remove the
backlog of species without recovery
plans and to ensure that all plans are
completed within 2.5 years of a species’
listing.
But it is implementation of recovery
actions that ultimately recover species.
Thanks to the “team effort” of the
Service and it’s many partners in
threatened and endangered species
recovery, of all the species listed by
September 30, 1996, 99% still survive
and many of them are headed towards
recovery, only 7 or less than 1%, have
been officially recognized as extinct and
subsequently delisted (several of these
probably were extinct prior to their
listing). In the same time frame, 6
species were removed from the list
because they had recovered.
Meanwhile, preventing the extinction
of the remaining 99% is perhaps the
biggest success story of the Act to date.
Keeping these species from extinction
provides the opportunity to develop and
implement even more effective
recovery actions for them. While
recovery takes time, we are starting to
see tangible results. Indeed, recently
the Service identified 25 additional
U.S. listed species that it anticipates
proposing for delisting or
reclassification from endangered to
threatened during FY 1998-2000 (Table
1), because they have recovered. Nine
other species may be proposed for
delisting or reclassification because of
new information, taxonomic revisions,
or because they are presumed extinct.
Nevertheless, some threats, such as
habitat loss and degradation, and
introduction of alien species (including
diseases) are increasing. In some cases,
new threats may cause new declines,
even in species already on the road to
recovery. Thus, monitoring and
additional recovery actions may be
necessary for many listed and
vulnerable species, even some already
on the road to recovery.
Additionally, nearly 80% of all listed
species occur partially or entirely on
private lands. The Service has been
working diligently to establish
programs that will provide flexibility
and assurances to private landowners so
that they will help conserve and recover
listed and imperiled species. For
example, the Service is currently
finalizing policies and regulations on
the proposed Safe Harbor and
Candidate Conservation Agreements
with Assurances programs. These are
voluntary cooperative programs
developed by the Service for the
proactive management of private lands
for the benefit of species.
These successes notwithstanding,
preventing extinction, while critical,
does not guarantee recovery (or
delisting) of endangered and
threatened species. Growing challenges
face the Service’s Recovery Program
for endangered and threatened species
that will require creative action,
partnering, and a strong program,
including funding for implementation,
in order to ensure that the gains made
to date are consolidated and ultimately
become full recovery for species on the
list. The attached report The Road
Back: Endangered Species Recovery:
Success with Partners outlines a
number of examples of how the Service
is developing creative actions with a
diverse array of partners. In this way
the Service is doing it’s best to provide
the greatest opportunity for ensuring
recovery for the endangered and
threatened species listed under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973.
Summary
Over the two-year period, FY95-FY96,
the Service held the line for
endangered and threatened species
despite the major increase in workload
over the last decade. Of all the species
listed as of September 30, 1996, 99%
still survive and many are headed
towards recovery. For species that had
been on the list for only a few years, the
percentage of species that were
stabilized or increasing had increased
over FY94. The percentage stabilized or
improving in other time frames held
steady. The percentage of species with
final, approved recovery plans
increased significantly, from 54% to
73%, with most of the remaining
species having plans either in draft or
under development. In addition, the
Service has made significant progress
in identifying and creating partners for
the recovery of endangered and
threatened species. Still, the increasing
workload, increasing threats in some
quarters, and limited resources for
implementing recovery actions have
limited the potential for actual recovery
of listed species. Significant additional
resources will be necessary to realize
the full potential of the Endangered
Species Act and effect full recovery of
all species on the list in a expeditious
manner.
Figure 3: Recovery Planning Status of USFWS Species
4
1 This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Delisting or downlisting actions may be processed for species other than those appearing here.
2 The action actually proposed or finalized may differ from that currently being considered.
3 Although the Service has received a petition requesting delisting of this species, the possible delisting or downlisting action is a Service
initiative rather than a result of the petition.
Figure 4: Possible FWS Delisting and Reclassification Actions for Fiscal Years 1998–20001 (as of May 11, 1998)
Species Action Being Considered2 Lead Region Reason for Action
American Peregrine falcon Proposed Delisting 1 Recovery
Columbian white-tailed deer Proposed DelistingñDouglas County, OR;
Proposed DownlistingñColumbia River population 1 Recovery
Ash Meadows species (4):
†Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish
†Spring-loving centaury
†Ash Meadows sunray
†Ash Meadows gumplant
Proposed Delisting 1 Recovery
Tidewater goby Proposed Delisting 1 Recovery and New Information
Tinian monarch (a bird)3 Proposed Delisting 1 Recovery
Hoover's wooly star Proposed Delisting 1 Recovery and New Information
Truckee barberry3 Proposed Delisting 1 Taxonomic Revision
Guam broadbill Proposed Delisting 1 Presumed Extinct
Mariana mallard Proposed Delisting 1 Presumed Extinct
Oahu tree snails (3 species)
†Achatinella spaldingi
†A. lehuiensis
†A. thaanumi
Proposed Delisting 1 Presumed Extinct
Chamaesyce skottsbergii
var. Kalaeloana Proposed Delisting 1 Taxonomic Revision
Pahrump poolfish Final Downlisting 1 Recovery
Loch Lomond coyote-thistle Final Downlisting 1 Recovery
Eureka Valley plants (2 species)
†Eureka Valley evening-primrose
†Eureka dunegrass
Proposed Downlisting 1 Recovery
Hawaiian hawk3 Proposed Downlisting or Delisting 1 Recovery
Island night lizard3 Proposed Delisting 1 Recovery
Lloyd's hedgehog cactus Final Delisting 2 Taxonomic Revision
Brown pelican (Gulf Coast) Proposed Delisting 2 Recovery
Gray wolf3 Proposed Delisting or Downlisting of Populations 3 Recovery
Bald eagle Proposed Delisting 3 Recovery
Missouri bladder-pod Proposed Downlisting 3 Recovery and New Information
Running buffalo clover Proposed Downlisting 3 Recovery and New Information
Dismal swamp shrew Proposed Delisting 5 New Information
Virginia roundleaf birch Proposed Delisting 5 Recovery
Virginia northern flying squirrel Proposed Downlisting 5 Recovery
Robbin's cinquefoil Proposed Downlisting 5 Recovery
Heliotrope milk-vetch Proposed Delisting 6 Recovery
Aleutian Canada goose Proposed Delisting 7 Recovery
5
Appendix
Data are presented for each U.S. listed
species under the jurisdiction of the
Service, organized by major taxonomic
groupings.
The Act provides for the listing of
distinct population segments of
vertebrate species when a significant
population segment might be
threatened or endangered but there is
no need to apply the provisions of the
Act across the rest of the species’ range.
Several species of vertebrates have
more than one distinct population
segment listed. For the gray wolf and
the piping plover, these separate
populations, with their separate
recovery plans and population trends,
have been listed separately. For others,
such as the peregrine falcon, the bald
eagle, and the Gila and Yaqui
topminnow, these have been combined
and listed as one entity.
Data given in the following table
include:
Listing Status
The listing status is identified as
T—Threatened
E—Endangered
CH—Critical Habitat; if designated,
critical habitat is also listed with the
species’ status.
Lead Region
This indicates which Service Region
has the lead responsibility for the
species.
Population Status
The status of each species is identified
as:
I—Improving; species known to be
increasing in numbers and/or whose
threats to their continued existence are
lessening in the wild. This includes
species that have recently reached
stability.
S—Stable; species known to have stable
numbers since the 1994 report and
whose threats have remained relatively
constant in the wild.
D—Declining; species known to be
decreasing in numbers and/or whose
threats to their continued existence are
increasing in the wild.
U—Uncertain; species where
additional survey work is required to
determine the trend in their status.
C—Captivity; species that are only
found in captivity, not in the wild.
E—Extinct; species that are believed
to be extinct.
Recovery Plan
Whether the species has an approved
recovery plan.
Y—Yes
N—No
NA—Not Applicable, used for species
that are exempt from development of a
recovery plan.
Plan Stage
The status of recovery plan
development is reported as indicated
below:
F—Final; approved
R(#)—Revision (number); approved
D—Draft
U—Under Development
RU(#)—Revision (number) Under
Development
RD(#)—Revision (number) Drafted
NA—Not Applicable
Recovery Achieved
The percentage of species recovery
objective(s) achieved is indicated with a
value of 1 to 4 as defined below:
1—0%-25% achieved
2—26%-50% achieved
3—51%-75% achieved
4—76%-100% achieved
(This number does not necessarily
correspond with the percentage of
recovery tasks achieved. For example,
stabilization of a formerly declining
species through completion of two or
three of the most important tasks may
be considered achievement of more
than 25% of the recovery objective.)
Recovery Priority
Each species is assigned a recovery
priority from 1 to 18 according to the
degree of threats, recovery potential,
and taxonomic distinctness. In addition,
a species’ rank may be elevated by
adding a C designation to its numerical
rank to indicate that there is some
degree of conflict between the species’
conservation efforts and economic
development associated with its
recovery. Species with a high priority
rank (1, 1C, 2, 2C) are those of most
concern with highest potential for
recovery. Species with a low rank
(16, 17, 18) are of lowest concern or have
low recovery potentials.
Aleutian Canada goose
6
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Mammals
Bat, gray E 3 I Y F 3 8
Bat, Hawaiian hoary E 1 U N U 1 9
Bat, Indiana E,CH 3 D Y RD(1) 2 8
Bat, lesser long-nosed E 2 U N D 1 8
Bat, little Mariana fruit E 1 E N U 1 5
Bat, Mariana fruit E 1 D Y F 1 3
Bat, Mexican long-nosed E 2 U Y F 1 5
Bat, Ozark big-eared E 2 S Y F 1 3
Bat, Virginia big-eared E,CH 5 I Y RD(1) 3 9
Bear, grizzly T 6 S Y RD 2 3C
Bear, Louisiana black T 4 I Y F 1 9
Caribou, woodland E 1 D Y RD(3) 1 3C
Cougar, eastern E 5 E Y F 1 18
Deer, Columbian white-tailed E 1 I Y RD 4 15
Deer, key E 4 D Y RD 1 6C
Ferret, black-footed E 6 I Y RD 1 2
Fox, San Joaquin kit E 1 D Y RD(1) 1 3C
Jaguarundi E 2 U Y F 1 6
Kangaroo rat, Fresno E,CH 1 D N U 1 3C
Kangaroo rat, giant E 1 D N U 2 2C
Kangaroo rat, Morro Bay E,CH 1 D Y RD(1) 1 6C
Kangaroo rat, Stephensí E 1 S N U 3 2C
Kangaroo rat, Tipton E 1 D N U 1 3C
Manatee, West Indian (= Florida) E,CH 4 D Y RD(2) 1 5C
Mountain beaver, Point Arena E 1 U N U 1 3
Mouse, Alabama beach E,CH 4 S Y F 2 3C
Mouse, Anastasia Island beach E 4 S Y F 1 6C
Mouse, Choctawhatchee beach E,CH 4 U Y F 1 3C
Mouse, Key Largo cotton E 4 S N U 4 3C
Mouse, Pacific pocket E 1 U N U 1 3C
Mouse, Perdido Key beach E,CH 4 D Y F 2 3C
Mouse, salt marsh harvest E 1 D Y RD(1) 1 2C
Mouse, southeastern beach T 4 D Y F 1 9C
Ocelot E 2 D Y F 1 5
Otter, southern sea T 1 I Y RD(1) 3 9C
Panther, Florida E 4 S Y RD 1 6C
Prairie dog, Utah T 6 D Y F 2 14
Pronghorn, Sonoran E 2 U Y F 1 3
Rabbit, Lower Keys marsh E 4 D Y F 1 6C
Rice rat (= silver rice rat) E,CH 4 D N U 1 9C
Shrew, Dismal Swamp southeastern T 5 S Y F 2 9
Squirrel, Carolina northern flying E 4 S Y F 2 6C
Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula fox E 5 I Y RD(2) 2 9
Squirrel, Mount Graham red E,CH 2 D Y F 1 9C
Squirrel, Virginia northern flying E 5 I Y F 3 9
Vole, Amargosa E,CH 1 U N U 1 6
7
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Vole, Florida salt marsh E 4 U NA NA 1 6
Vole, Hualapai Mexican E 2 U Y F 1 3
Wolf, gray (eastern population) E, T, CH 3 I Y RU (2) 4 5C
Wolf, Mexican gray E 2 I Y F 1 3C
Wolf, Northern Rocky Mountain gray E 6 I Y RD 1 3C
Wolf, red E 4 I Y RD (2) 3 5C
Woodrat, Key Largo E 4 S N U 1 3C
Birds
Akepa, Hawaii (honeycreeper) E 1 S Y F 2 9
Akepa, Maui (honeycreeper) E 1 E Y F 1 6
Akialoa, Kauai (honeycreeper) E 1 E Y F 1 5
Akiapolaëau (honeycreeper) E 1 D Y F 2 2
Blackbird, yellow-shouldered E, CH 4 I Y RD 2 2C
Bobwhite, masked (quail) E 2 I Y RD (2) 2 6
Broadbill, Guam E 1 E Y F 1 5
Caracara, Audubonís crested (Florid apop.) T 4 S Y F 1 12
Condor, California E, CH 1 I Y RD (1) 2 4C
Coot, Hawaiian (=ëalae-keëokeëo) E 1 S Y RD (1) 3 15
Crane, Mississippi sandhill E, CH 4 S Y RD (3) 1 6C
Crane, whooping E, CH 2 I Y RD (2) 2 2C
Creeper, Hawaii E 1 S Y F 2 8
Creeper, Molokai (=kakawahie) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Creeper, Oahu (=alauwahio) E 1 U N U 1 5
Crow, Hawaiian (=ëalala) E 1 S Y F 1 2C
Crow, Mariana E 1 D Y F 1 2
Crow, white-necked E 4 U N U 1 17
Curlew, Eskimo E 7 U NA NA 1 5
Duck, Hawaiian (=koloa) E 1 S Y RD 2 2
Duck, Laysan E 1 S Y F 3 2
Eagle, bald T 3 I Y RU (1) 4 14
Eider, spectacled T 7 D Y F 1 5
Falcon, American peregrine E, CH 1 I Y RD (1) 3 9
Falcon, northern aplomado E 2 U Y F 1 3
Finch, Laysan (honeycreeper) E 1 S Y F 3 8
Finch, Nihoa (honeycreeper) E 1 S Y F 3 8
Flycatcher, southwestern willow E 2 D N U 1 3C
Gnatcatcher, coastal California T 1 S N U 1 3C
Goose, Aleutian Canada T 7 I Y RD (2) 4 9
Goose, Hawaiian (=nene) E 1 D Y F 2 2
Hawk, Hawaiian (=io) E 1 S Y F 3 14
Hawk, Puerto Rican broad-winged E 4 D N D 1 6
Hawk, Puerto Rican sharp-shinned E 4 D N D 1 3
Honeycreeper, crested (=ëakohekohe) E 1 S Y F 2 7
Jay, Florida scrub T 4 D Y F 1 3C
Kingfisher, Guam Micronesian E 1 C Y F 1 3
Kite, Everglade snail E, CH 4 S Y RD (4) 1 3C
Mallard, Mariana E 1 E N D 1 5
Megapode, Micronesian (=La Perouseís) E 1 U N U 1 8
8
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Millerbird, Nihoa (old world warbler) E 1 S Y F 3 9
Monarch, Tinian (old world flycatcher) T 1 S NA NA 4 14
Moorhen, Hawaiian common E 1 S Y RD 2 C
Moorhen, Mariana common E 1 S Y F 1 9
Murrelet, marbled T 1 D N D 1 3
Nightjar (=whip-poor-will), Puerto Rican E 4 S Y F 2 5C
Nukupuëu (honeycreeper) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Oëo, Kauai (=ëoëoëaëa) (honeyeater) E 1 E Y F 1 4
Oëu (honeycreeper) E 1 U Y F 1 4
Owl, Mexican spotted T 2 U Y F 1 9C
Owl, northern spotted T, CH 1 D N D 1 9C
Palila (honeycreeper) E, CH 1 S Y RD 3 1
Parrot, PuertoRican E 4 S Y RU (2) 1 2
Parrotbill, Maui (honeycreeper) E 1 S Y F 1 1
Pelican, brown E 1 I Y F 4 9
Petrel, Hawaiian dark-rumped E 1 D Y F 2 9
Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain E 4 S Y F 1 3C
Plover, piping (Atlantic coast) T 5 I Y RD (1) 3 2C
Plover, piping (Great Lakes) E 3 D Y RU (1) 1 5
Plover, piping (Northern Great Plains) T 6 D Y RD (1) 1 2C
Plover, western snowy (Pacific coastal pop.) T 1 D N U 1 3C
Poëouli (honeycreeper) E 1 D Y F 1 4
Prairie-chicken, Attwaterís greater E 2 D Y RD 1 3
Rail, California clapper E 1 D Y RD (1) 1 3C
Rail, Guam E 1 C Y F 1 2
Rail, light-footed clapper E 1 S Y RD (1) 2 3
Rail, Yuma clapper E 2 S Y F 3 6
Shearwater, Newellís Townsendís T 1 D Y F 2 9
Shrike, San Clemente loggerhead E 1 D Y RD (1) 2 9
Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside E, CH 4 S Y F 2 12C
Sparrow, Florida grasshopper E 4 D Y F 1 9
Sparrow, San Clemente sage T 1 D Y F 2 9
Stilt, Hawaiian (=aeëo) E 1 S Y RD 3 9
Stork, wood E 4 I Y RD 3 6C
Swiftlet, Mariana gray (=Vanikoro) E 1 S Y F 1 9
Tern, California least E 1 S Y RD (1) 3 3C
Tern, least (interior pop.) E 3 S Y F 1 3C
Tern, roseate E, T 5 S Y F 1 3
Thrush, large Kauai E 1 D Y F 1 5
Thrush, Molokai (=olomaëo) E 1 D Y F 1 6
Thrush, small Kauai (=puaiohi) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Towhee, Inyo California (=brown) T, CH 1 I N U 1 9C
Vireo, black-capped E 2 D Y F 1 2C
Vireo, least Bellís E, CH 1 I N U 3 3C
Warbler, Bachmanís E 4 U NA NA 1 5
Warbler, golden-cheeked E 2 D Y F 1 2C
Warbler, Kirtlandís E 3 I Y RD 3 5C
Warbler, nightingale reed E 1 S N U 1 8
9
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
White-eye, bridled E 1 E Y F 1 6
Woodpecker, ivory-billed E 4 E NA NA 1 18
Woodpecker, red-cockaded E 4 I Y RU (2) 1 8C
Reptiles
Anole, Culebra Island giant E, CH 4 U Y F 1 5
Boa, Mona T, CH 4 U Y F 1 3
Boa, Puerto Rican E 4 S Y F 1 14
Boa, Virgin Islands tree E 4 S Y F 1 3C
Crocodile, American E, CH 4 S Y RD 2 2C
Gecko, Monito E, CH 4 U Y F 1 5
Iguana, Mona ground T, CH 4 S Y F 2 3
Lizard, blunt-nosed leopard E 1 D Y RD 1 2C
Lizard, Coachella Valley fringe-toed T, CH 1 D Y F 2 2C
Lizard, Island night T 1 I Y F 2 8
Lizard, St. Croix ground E, CH 4 U Y F 1 2C
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed T, CH 2 S Y F 2 3
Skink, blue tail mole T 4 D Y F 1 9
Skink, sand T 4 D Y F 1 7
Snake, Atlantic salt marsh T 4 D Y F 1 12
Snake, Concho water T 2 S Y F 1 9C
Snake, eastern indigo T 4 D Y F 1 12C
Snake, giant garter T 1 U N U 1 2C
Snake, San Francisco garter E 1 D Y F 1 3C
Tortoise, desert T, CH 1 U Y F 1 8C
Tortoise, gopher T 4 D Y F 1 9
Turtle, Alabama red-bellied E 4 U Y F 1 5
Turtle, flattened musk T 4 D Y F 1 14
Turtle, green sea E, T 2 I Y RD 1 8
Turtle, hawksbill sea (=carey) E, CH 2 U Y RD (1) 1 1C
Turtle, Kempís (=Atlantic) ridley sea E 2 I Y RD 1 2C
Turtle, leatherback sea E, CH 2 U Y RD 1 7
Turtle, loggerhead sea T 2 U Y RD 1 7C
Turtle, olive ridley sea E, T 2 D Y RD 1 8C
Turtle, Plymouth redbelly (=red-bellied) E, CH 5 I Y RD (1) 2 9
Turtle, ringed map (=sawback) T 4 S Y F 2 14
Turtle, yellow-blotched map (=sawback) T 4 D Y F 1 14
Amphibians
Coqui, golden T, CH 4 D Y F 1 5C
Frog, California red-legged T 1 D N U 1 3C
Salamander, Cheat Mountain T 5 I Y F 3 8
Salamander, desert slender E 1 U Y F 1 8
Salamander, Red Hills T 4 S Y RU (1) 1 7
Salamander, San Marcos T, CH 2 D Y RD 1 2C
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed E 1 D Y RD 1 3
Salamander, Shenandoah E 5 D Y F 1 8
Salamander, Texas blind E 2 D Y F 1 5
Toad, arroyo southwestern E 1 S N U 1 3
Toad, Houston E, CH 2 D Y F 1 5C
10
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Toad, Puerto Rican crested T 4 D Y F 1 2C
Toad, Wyoming E 6 I Y F 1 3
Fishes
Catfish, Yaqui T, CH 2 D Y F 1 8
Cavefish, Alabama E, CH 4 S Y RD (2) 1 1
Cavefish, Ozark T 4 S Y RD 2 8
Chub, bonytail E, CH 6 D Y RD 1 5C
Chub, Borax Lake E, CH 1 D Y F 2 5
Chub, Chihuahua T 2 I Y F 1 2
Chub, humpback E, CH 6 S Y RD (2) 1 2C
Chub, Huttontui T 1 S N U 1 9
Chub, Mohavetui E 1 S Y F 1 9
Chub, Oregon E 1 U N U 1 2
Chub, Owenstui E 1 S Y RD (1) 1 6C
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail (=bonytail) E 1 D Y RD (1) 1 3
Chub, slender T, CH 4 D Y F 1 11
Chub, Sonora T, CH 2 S Y F 1 11
Chub, spotfin (=turquoise shiner) T 4 U Y F 1 11
Chub, Virgin River E 6 D Y F 1 3C
Chub, Yaqui E, CH 2 S Y F 1 8
Cui-ui E 1 I Y RD (2) 1 2C
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled E, CH 1 D Y F 2 9
Dace, blackside T 4 S Y F 1 11
Dace, Clover Valley speckled E 1 S N U 1 9C
Dace, desert T, CH 1 S N D 1 7C
Dace, Foskett speckled T 1 D N U 2 9
Dace, Independence Valley speckled E 1 U N U 1 6C
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs E 6 S Y F 3 12
Dace, Moapa E 1 I Y RD (1) 1 1
Darter, amber E, CH 4 S Y F 1 5
Darter, bayou T 4 S Y RD 1 8C
Darter, bluemask (=jewel) E 4 S N D 1 5
Darter, boulder (=ElkRiver) E 4 S Y F 1 5
Darter, Cherokee T 4 S N U 1 8
Darter, duskytail E 4 I Y F 1 5
Darter, Etowah E 4 S N U 1 2
Darter, fountain E, CH 2 D Y RD 1 2C
Darter, goldline T 4 U N D 1 8
Darter, leopard T, CH 2 S Y RD (1) 2 11C
Darter, Maryland E, CH 5 U Y RD 1 5
Darter, Niangua T, CH 3 U Y F 1 8
Darter, Okaloosa E 4 D Y RU (1) 1 11
Darter, relict E 4 S N D 1 5
Darter, slackwater T, CH 4 U Y F 1 8
Darter, snail T 4 U Y RD 1 11
Darter, watercress E 4 S Y RD (2) 1 2
Gambusia, Big Bend E 2 S Y F 2 2
Gambusia, Clear Creek E 2 S Y F 2 2
11
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Gambusia, Pecos E 2 S Y F 2 2
Gambusia, San Marcos E, CH 2 E Y RD 1 2C
Goby, tidewater E 1 S N U 1 7C
Logperch, Conasauga E, CH 4 S Y F 1 5
Logperch, Roanoke E 5 S Y F 1 5C
Madtom, Neosho T 6 D Y F 1 11C
Madtom, pygmy E 4 U Y F 1 5
Madtom, Scioto E 3 U NA NA 1 2
Madtom, smoky E, CH 4 I Y F 1 5
Madtom, yellowfin T, CH 4 D Y F 1 11
Minnow, loach T, CH 2 D Y F 1 4C
Minnow, Rio Grande silvery T 2 D N U 1 2C
Poolfish, Pahrump E 1 S Y F 4 8
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa E, CH 1 I Y F 4 9
Pupfish, Comanche Springs E 2 D Y F 1 2
Pupfish, desert E, CH 2 S Y F 1 5
Pupfish, Devils Hole E 1 S Y RD 3 8
Pupfish, Leon Springs E, CH 2 D Y F 1 2
Pupfish, Owens E 1 S Y RD (1) 1 5
Pupfish, Warm Springs E 1 S Y RD 3 9
Sculpin, pygmy T 4 S Y F 1 8
Shiner, beautiful T, CH 2 D Y F 1 2
Shiner, blue T 4 S Y F 1 8
Shiner, Cahaba E 4 U Y F 1 2
Shiner, Cape Fear E, CH 4 S Y F 1 5
Shiner, palezone E 4 S N D 1 5
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose T, CH 2 S Y F 3 3
Silverside, Waccamaw T, CH 4 S Y F 1 8
Smelt, delta T 1 D N D 1 2C
Spikedace T, CH 2 D Y F 1 4C
Spinedace, Big Spring T, CH 1 S Y F 1 12
Spinedace, Little Colorado T, CH 2 D N D 1 2
Spinedace, White River E, CH 1 I Y F 1 2C
Springfish, Hiko White River E, CH 1 D N D 1 3C
Springfish, Railroad Valley T, CH 1 S N D 1 2C
Springfish, White River E, CH 1 S N D 1 3C
Squawfish, Colorado E, CH 6 S Y RD 1 2C
Stickleback, unarmored threespine E 1 U Y RD 1 3
Sturgeon, Gulf T 4 U Y F 1 12
Sturgeon, Kootenai River white E 1 D N D 1 3C
Sturgeon, pallid E 6 D Y F 1 2C
Sucker, June E, CH 6 D N D 1 5C
Sucker, Lost River E 1 D Y F 1 1C
Sucker, Modoc E, CH 1 D NA NA 1 5
Sucker, razorback E, CH 6 D N D 1 5C
Sucker, shortnose E 1 D Y F 1 2C
Sucker, Warner T, CH 1 D N D 1 2C
Topminnow, Gila E 2 D Y RD 2 2
12
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Topminnow, Yaqui E 2 D Y RD 2 2
Trout, Apache (= Arizona) T 2 S Y RD (2) 2 8
Trout, Gila E 2 U Y RD (2) 2 2
Trout, greenback cutthroat T 6 I Y RD (2) 3 15
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat T 1 I Y F 3 9
Trout, Little Kern golden T, CH 1 S NA NA 3 9
Trout, Paiute cutthroat T 1 D Y F 1 9
Woundfin E 6 D Y RD (2) 1 1C
Clams
Acornshell, southern E 4 D N D 1 5
Clubshell E 5 D Y F 1 11
Clubshell, black (= Curtusí mussel) E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Clubshell, ovate E 4 D N D 1 5
Clubshell, southern E 4 D N D 1 5
Combshell, southern (= penitent
mussel) E 4 D Y F 1 2C
Combshell, upland E 4 D N D 1 5
Elktoe, Appalachian E 4 U Y F 1 5
Fanshell E 4 D Y F 1 5
Fatmucket, Arkansas T 4 U Y F 1 8
Heelsplitter, Carolina E 4 D N D 1 5
Heelsplitter, inflated T 4 D Y F 1 8C
Kidneyshell, triangular E 4 D N D 1 5
Lampmussel, Alabama E 4 D Y F 1 5
Moccasinshell, Alabama T 4 D N D 1 8
Moccasinshell, Coosa E 4 D N D 1 5
Mucket, orange-nacre T 4 D N D 1 8
Mussel, dwarf wedge E 5 D Y F 1 5
Mussel, ring pink (= golf stick pearly) E 4 D Y F 1 5
Mussel, winged maple leaf E 3 S N D 1 5
Pearlshell, Louisiana T 4 U Y F 2 8
Pearlymussel, Appalachian monkeyface E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pearlymussel, birdwing E 4 D Y F 1 4C
Pearlymussel, cracking E 4 D Y F 1 4
Pearlymussel, Cumberland bean E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Pearlymussel, Cumberland monkeyface E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Pearlymussel, Curtisí E 3 D Y F 1 6
Pearlymussel, dromedary E 4 D Y F 1 4C
Pearlymussel, green-blossom E 4 D Y F 1 6
Pearlymussel, Higginsí eye E 3 U Y RU (1) 2 2
Pearlymussel, little-wing E 4 D Y F 1 4
Pearlymussel, orange-foot pimpleback E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pearlymussel, palelilliput E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pearlymussel, pink mucket E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pearlymussel, purple catís paw E 4 D Y F 1 6
Pearlymussel, tubercled-blossom E 4 E Y F 1 6
Pearlymussel, turgid-blossom E 4 E Y F 1 5
Pearlymussel, white catís paw E 3 D Y F 1 6
Pearlymussel, white wartyback E 4 D Y F 1 5
13
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Pearlymussel, yellow-blossom E 4 E Y F 1 6
Pigtoe, Cumberland E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pigtoe, dark E 4 D N D 1 5
Pigtoe, fine-rayed E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pigtoe, flat (=Marshallís mussel) E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pigtoe, heavy (=Judge Taitís mussel) E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Pigtoe, rough E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pigtoe, shiny E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pigtoe, southern E 4 D N D 1 5
Pocketbook, fat E 4 I Y RD 2 2C
Pocketbook, fine-lined T 4 D N D 1 8
Pocketbook, speckled E 4 U Y F 1 5
Riffleshell, northern E 5 D Y F 1 12
Riffleshell, tan E 4 D Y F 1 5
Rock-pocketbook, Ouachita E 2 D N D 1 4C
Spinymussel, James River (=Virginia) E 5 D Y F 1 5
Spinymussel, Tar River E 4 D Y RD 1 5
Stirrupshell E 4 D Y F 1 5
Snails
Ambersnail, Kanab E 6 D Y F 1 6C
Limpet, Banbury Springs E 1 S Y F 1 8
Marstonia (snail), royal (=obese) E 4 S Y F 1 5
Riversnail, Anthonyís E 4 S N D 1 5
Shagreen, Magazine Mountain T 4 S Y F 1 8
Snail, Bliss Rapids T 1 S Y F 1 7C
Snail, Chittenango ovate amber T 5 D Y RD (1) 1 5
Snail, flat-spired three-toothed T 5 S Y F 2 5
Snail, Iowa Pleistocene E 3 U Y F 2 5
Snail, Morro shoulderband (=Banded dune) E 1 U N D 1 2
Snail, noonday T 4 S Y F 1 9
Snail, painted snake coiled forest T 4 U Y F 1 8
Snail, Snake River physa E 1 D Y F 1 5C
Snail, Stock Island tree T 4 D Y F 1 3
Snail, tulotoma (=Alabama live-bearing) E 4 I N D 1 5
Snail, Utah valvata E 1 S Y F 1 5
Snail, Virginia fringed mountain E 5 S Y F 1 4
Snails, Oahu tree (29-41spp.) E 1 D Y F 1 2
Springsnail, Alamosa E 2 U Y F 1 14
Springsnail, Bruneau Hot E 1 S N D 1 8
Springsnail, Idaho E 1 S Y F 1 5C
Springsnail, Socorro E 2 S Y F 1 14
Insects
Beetle, American burying (=giant carrion) E 5 S Y F 1 5C
Beetle, Coffin Cave mold E 2 U Y F 1 2C
Beetle, delta green ground T, CH 1 U Y F 1 8
Beetle, Hungerfordís crawling water E 3 U N U 1 5C
Beetle, Kretschmarr Cave mold E 2 U Y F 1 2C
Beetle, northeastern beach tiger T 5 D Y F 1 6
14
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Beetle, Puritan tiger T 5 S Y F 1 5
Beetle, Tooth Cave ground E 2 U Y F 1 2C
Beetle, valley elderberry longhorn T, CH 1 U Y F 1 9
Butterfly, bay checkerspot T 1 D N D 1 3C
Butterfly, El Segundo blue E 1 D Y F 1 12
Butterfly, Karner blue E 3 I N U 1 5
Butterfly, Langeís metalmark E 1 S Y R (1) 1 9
Butterfly, lotis blue E 1 U Y F 1 3
Butterfly, mission blue E 1 S Y F 2 9
Butterfly, Mitchellís satyr E 3 S N D 1 3
Butterfly, Myrtleís silverspot E 1 S N D 1 9
Butterfly, Oregon silverspot T 1 D Y F 2 3C
Butterfly, Palos Verdes blue E, CH 1 D Y F 1 6
Butterfly, Saint Francisí satyr E 4 D Y F 1 3
Butterfly, San Bruno elfin E 1 S Y F 2 9
Butterfly, Schaus swallowtail E 4 D Y F 1 3C
Butterfly, Smithís blue E 1 D Y F 1 9
Butterfly, Uncompahgre fritillary E 6 I Y F 3 5C
Dragonfly, Hineís (=Ohio) emerald E 3 D N D 1 5
Fly, Delhi Sands flower-loving E 1 D N D 1 6C
Moth, Kern primrose sphinx T 1 U Y F 1 2
Naucorid, Ash Meadows T, CH 1 I Y F 2 2
Skipper, Pawnee montane T 6 S N D 2 9C
Arachnids
Harvestman, Bee Creek Cave E 2 U Y F 1 2C
Harvestman, Bone (=Bee Creek) Cave E 2 U Y F 1 2C
Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave E 2 U Y F 1 2C
Spider, spruce-firmoss E 4 U N U 1 5
Spider, Tooth Cave E 2 U Y F 1 2C
Crustaceans
Amphipod, Hayís Spring E 5 S NA NA 3 5
Crayfish, cave (Cambarus aculabrum) [NCN] E 4 S N D 1 5
Crayfish, cave (Cambarus zophonastes) E 4 S Y F 1 5
Crayfish, Nashville E 4 U Y RD 1 11C
Crayfish, Shasta (=placid) E 1 D N U 1 2
Fairy shrimp, Conservancy E 1 U N U 1 8
Fairy shrimp, longhorn E 1 U N U 1 8
Fairy shrimp, Riverside E 1 D N U 1 6C
Fairy shrimp, vernal pool T 1 D N U 1 2C
Isopod, Lee County cave E 5 S N U 1 8
Isopod, Madison Cave T 5 S N U 2 4
Isopod, Socorro E 2 S Y F 4 2
Shrimp, Alabama cave E 4 S N D 1 5
Shrimp, California freshwater E 1 U N U 1 8C
Shrimp, Kentucky cave E, CH 4 U Y F 1 5
Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave T 4 D NA NA 1 5C
Tadpole shrimp, vernal pool E 1 D N U 1 2C
15
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Plants
Aëe E 1 U Y F 1 2
Abutilon eremitopetalum [NCN] E 1 S Y F 1 2
Abutilon sandwicense [NCN] E 1 S Y F 1 8
Adiantum vivesii [NCN] E 4 D Y F 1 5
Agave, Arizona E 2 U N U 1 5
Aiakeakua, popolo E 1 U Y F 1 2
Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Aiea (Nothocestrum peltatum) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Akoko (Chamaesyce celastroides kaenana) E 1 S Y F 1 9
Akoko (Chamaesyce deppeana) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Akoko (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) E 1 U Y F 1 8
Akoko, Ewa Plains E 1 S N D 1 9
Alani (Melicope adscendens) E 1 S N D 1 5
Alani (Melicope balloui) E 1 S N D 1 5
Alani (Melicope haupuensis) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Alani (Melicope knudsenii) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Alani (Melicope lydgatei) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Alani (Melicope mucronulata) E 1 U N D 1 5
Alani (Melicope ovalis) E 1 U N D 1 5
Alani (Melicope pallida) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Alani (Melicope quadrangularis) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Alani (Melicope reflexa) E 1 U Y F 1 8
Alsinidendron obovatum [NCN] E 1 D Y F 1 5
Alsinidendron trinerve [NCN] E 1 D Y F 1 5
Amaranth, seabeach T 4 D N D 1 8C
Amaranthus brownii [NCN] E 1 S N U 1 5
Ambrosia, south Texas E 2 U N U 1 8
Amphianthus, little T 4 S Y F 1 13
Aristida chaseae [NCN] E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Arrowhead, bunched E 4 D Y F 1 2C
Asplenium fragile var. insularae [NCN] E 1 S N U 1 6C
Aster, decurrent false T 3 S Y F 1 8
Aster, Florida golden E 4 S Y F 1 5
Aster, Ruthís golden E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Auerodendron pauciflorum [NCN] E 4 D N D 1 5
Aupaka (Isodendrion hosakae) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Avens, spreading E 4 D Y F 1 2
Awikiwiki E 1 U Y F 1 2
Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides) E 1 S Y F 1 2
Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Ayenia, Texas E 2 U N U 1 5
Barberry, Truckee E 1 U Y F 1 12
Bariaco E 4 S Y F 1 11
Beaked-rush, Knieskernís T 5 S Y F 3 14
Bear-poppy, dwarf E 6 D Y F 1 5C
Beardtongue, Penland E 6 S Y F 2 14
Beargrass, Brittonís E 4 D Y F 1 8
B H E 16 I Y F
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Beauty, Harperís E 4 I Y F 1 7
Bellflower, Brooksville E 4 U Y F 1 8
Birch, Virginia round-leaf T 5 I Y R (2) 3 8
Birdís-beak, palmate-bracted E 1 S N D 1 2C
Birdís-beak, Pennellís E 1 U N D 1 2
Birdís-beak, salt marsh E 1 S Y F 2 6
Birds-in-a-nest, white T 4 U Y F 1 8
Bittercress, small-anthered E 4 D Y F 1 5
Bladderpod, Dudley Bluffs T 6 S Y F 1 14
Bladderpod, kodachrome E 6 S N U 1 11
Bladderpod, lyrate T 4 S N D 1 8
Bladderpod, Missouri E 3 S Y F 3 8
Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains E 1 D N D 1 9
Bladderpod, white E 2 S Y F 1 8
Blazingstar, Ash Meadows T, CH 1 U Y F 2 8
Blazingstar, Hellerís T 4 I Y F 2 8
Blazingstar, scrub E 4 U Y F 2 2
Blue-star, Kearneyís E 2 U Y F 2 2
Bluegrass, Hawaiian E 1 U Y F 1 5
Bluegrass, Mannís E 1 D Y F 1 5
Bluet, Roan Mountain E 4 D Y F 1 6
Bonamia menziesii [NCN] E 1 U N D 1 5
Bonamia, Florida T 4 I Y RD 3 8
Boxwood, Vahlís E 4 D Y F 1 5
Broom, San Clemente Island E 1 I Y F 2 9
Buckwheat, cushenbury E 1 D N D 1 9
Buckwheat, scrub T 4 D Y F 1 15
Buckwheat, steamboat E 1 D Y F 1 3
Bulrush, Northeastern (=barbed bristle) E 5 I Y F 3 2C
Bush-clover, prairie T 3 I Y F 3 8
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island E 1 I Y F 2 2
Buttercup, autumn E 6 D Y F 1 6
Butterwort, Godfreyís T 4 S Y F 1 14
Button, Mohrís Barbara T 4 I Y F 1 14
Button-celery, San Diego E 1 D N D 1 3C
Cactus, Arizona hedgehog E 2 U N D 1 3
Cactus, Bakersfield E 1 S N D 1 2
Cactus, blacklace E 2 D Y F 1 3
Cactus, Brady pincushion E 2 U Y F 1 2
Cactus, bunched cory T 2 D Y F 1 8
Cactus, Chisos Mtn. hedgehog T 2 D Y F 1 9
Cactus, Cochise pincushion T 2 U Y F 1 8
Cactus, Keytree E 4 S Y F 3 5C
Cactus, Knowlton E 2 S Y F 2 2
Cactus, Kuenzler hedgehog E 2 S Y F 1 3
Cactus, Lee pincushion T 2 S Y F 2 3
Cactus, Lloydís hedgehog E 2 U NA NA 1 8
Cactus, Lloydís Mariposa T 2 S Y F 1 2
17
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Cactus, Mesa Verde T 2 S Y F 1 8C
Cactus, Nellie cory E 2 U Y F 1 2
Cactus, Nicholís Turkís head E 2 U Y F 1 3
Cactus, Peebles Navajo E 2 U Y F 1 3
Cactus, Pima pineapple E 2 U N U 1 3
Cactus, San Rafael E 6 D N D 1 7
Cactus, Siler pincushion T 2 U Y F 2 8
Cactus, Sneed pincushion E 2 D Y F 2 9
Cactus, star E 2 U N D 1 2
Cactus, Tobusch fishhook E 2 U Y F 1 2
Cactus, Unita Basin hookless T 6 S Y F 3 8
Cactus, Wright fishhook E 6 S Y F 3 8
Calyptranthes thomasiana [NCN] E 4 D N D 1 11
Campion, fringed E 4 D N D 1 8
Capa rosa E 4 S Y F 1 11
Catís-eye, Terlingua Creek E 2 U Y F 1 5C
Ceanothus, coyote E 1 U N D 2 14
Centaury, spring-loving T, CH 1 I Y F 4 8
Chaff-flower, round-leaved E 1 S N D 1 3
Chaffseed, American E 5 S Y F 1 7
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. mirabilis E 4 D Y F 1 2
Chamaesyce halemanui [NCN] E 1 S Y F 1 5
Checker-mallow, Nelsonís T 1 D N D 1 8C
Checker-mallow, pedate E 1 D N D 1 5C
Chumbo, higo T 4 S N D 1 14
Chupacallos (=Chupagallo) E 4 D N U 1 8
Cinquefoil, Robbinsí E, CH 5 S Y F 4 2
Cladonia, Florida perforate T 4 S Y F 1 2
Clarkia, Pismo E 1 D N D 1 9
Clarkia, Presidio E 1 U N D 1 5
Cliff-rose, Arizona E 2 U Y F 1 2
Clover, running buffalo E 3 I Y F 3 2
Cobana, negra T 4 S N D 1 5
Coneflower, smooth E 4 D Y F 1 5
Coneflower, Tennessee purple E 4 I Y R (1) 2 8
Cranichis ricartii [NCN] E 4 D Y F 1 5
Cress, toad-flax E 6 D Y F 1 10C
Cycladenia, Jones T 6 S N U 1 9
Cypress, Santa Cruz E 1 S N D 2 2
Daisy, lakeside T 3 S Y F 2 8
Daisy, Maguire T 6 S Y F 4 14
Daisy, Parishís T 1 D N U 1 8
Daphnopsis hellerana [NCN] E 4 D Y F 1 5
Dawn-flower, Texas prairie E 2 S Y F 1 8C
Delissea rhytidosperma [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Diellia, asplenium-leaved E 1 U N D 1 2
Diellia falcata (Fern, NCN) E 1 U Y F 1 8
Diellia pallida (Fern, NCN) E 1 U Y F 1 5
18
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Diellia unisora [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 11
Diplazium molokaiense [NCN] E 1 D N U 1 5
Dogweed, ashy E 2 D Y F 1 5
Dropwort, Canbyís E 4 S Y F 2 5
Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley E 1 D N D 1 2C
Dwarf-flax, Marin T 1 U N D 1 8C
Elaphoglossum serpens [NCN] E 4 U Y F 1 5
Erubia E 4 D Y F 1 2C
Eugenia woodburyana [NCN] E 4 D N D 1 5
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes E, CH 1 D Y R (1) 2 12
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley E 1 S Y F 3 9
Evening-primrose, San Benito T 1 D N D 1 5C
Fern, Alabama streak-sorus T 4 S N D 1 9
Fern, Aleutian shield E 7 S Y F 1 8
Fern, American hartís-tongue T 4 D Y F 1 9
Fern, Elfin tree E 4 D Y F 1 5
Fern, pendant kihi E 1 S N D 1 11
Fiddleneck, Large-flowered E, CH 1 D N D 1 5
Fleabane, Rhizome T 2 S Y F 2 8
Four-oíclock, MacFarlaneís T 1 S Y F 1 2
Frankenia, Johnstonís E 2 I Y F 1 5
Gahnia lanaiensis [NCN] E 1 S Y F 1 5
Gardenia, Hawaiian (naëu) E 1 S Y R (1) 1 2
Geocarpon minimum [NCN] T 4 S Y F 1 13
Gerardia, sandplain E 5 S Y F 1 5C
Gesneria pauciflora [NCN] T 4 D N D 1 11
Gilia, Monterey E 1 D N D 1 3C
Goetzea, beautiful (matabuey) E 4 D Y F 1 5
Goldenrod, BlueRidge T 4 U Y F 1 8
Goldenrod, Houghtonís T 3 S N D 1 8
Goldenrod, Shortís E 4 S Y RD (1) 2 8
Goldenrod, white-haired T 4 S Y F 1 8
Goldfields, Burkeís E 1 D N U 1 2C
Gooseberry, Miccosukee (Florida) T 4 S NA NA 1 14
Gouania hillebrandii [NCN] E, CH 1 S Y F 1 8
Gouania meyenii [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 8
Gouania vitifolia [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Gourd, Okeechobee E 4 S N D 1 3
Grass, California Orcutt E 1 D N D 1 5C
Grass, Eureka Dune E 1 S Y F 3 7
Grass, Solano E 1 U Y F 1 2
Grass, Tennessee yellow-eyed E 4 I Y F 1 8
Ground-plum, Guthrieís E 4 U N U 1 2
Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks T, CH 2 U Y F 2 8
Gumplant, Ash Meadows T, CH 1 I Y F 4 8
Haëiwale (Cyrtandra crenata) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Haëiwale (Cyrtandra giffardii) E 1 U Y F 1 2
Haëiwale (Cyrtandra limahuliensis) T 1 U Y F 1 14
19
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Haëiwale (Cyrtandra munroi) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Haëiwale (Cyrtandra polyantha) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Haëiwale (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Haha (Cyanea asarifolia) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Haha (Cyanea copelandii copelandii) E 1 D Y F 1 6
Haha (Cyanea crispa (=Rollandiac)) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Haha (Cyanea grimesiana obatae) E 1 D Y F 1 6
Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora carlsonii) E 1 U Y F 1 6
Haha (Cyanea lobata) E 1 U N D 1 5
Haha (Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii) E 1 U Y F 1 6
Haha (Cyanea mannii) E 1 U Y F 1 2
Haha (Cyanea mceldowneyi) E 1 U N D 1 2
Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Haha (Cyanea procera) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Haha (Cyanea shipmannii) E 1 D Y F 1 2
Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) E 1 U Y F 1 2
Haha (Cyanea truncata) E 1 D Y F 1 5
Haha, (Cyanea superba) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Haha, (Cyanea undulata) E 1 U Y F 1 11
Haplostachya, narrow-leaved E 1 U N D 1 2
Harebells, Avon Park E 4 D Y F 1 2C
Harperella E 5 S Y F 1 8
Heartleaf, dwarf-flowered T 4 I N U 3 14
Heather, mountain golden T, CH 4 I Y F 3 8
Heau E 1 U Y F 1 5
Hedyotis degeneri [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Hedyotis parvula [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Hedyotis, Na Pali beach E 1 U Y F 1 8
Hesperomannia arborescens [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Hesperomannia arbuscula [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Hesperomannia lydgatei [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 11
Hibiscus, Clayís E 1 U Y F 1 5
Higuero de Sierra E 4 S Y F 1 5
Holei E 1 E Y F 1 5
Holly, Cookís E 4 D Y F 1 5
Howellia, water T 6 I N D 1 7
Hypericum, highlands scrub E 4 D Y F 3 2
Ihiëihi E 1 S Y F 1 8
Ilex sintenisii [NCN] E 4 S Y F 1 11
Iliau, dwarf E 1 U Y F 1 2
Indian paintbrush, San Clemente Island E 1 I Y F 1 8
Ipomopsis, Holy Ghost E 2 U N U 1 5
Iris, dwarf lake T 3 S N U 1 8
Irisette, white E 4 D Y F 1 8
Ischaemum, Hilo E 1 S Y F 1 8
Ivesia, Ash Meadows T 1 S Y F 2 8
Jacquemontia, beach E 4 U N D 1 2
Jewelflower, California E 1 S N D 2 8
20
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Jewelflower, Metcalf Canyon E 1 D N D 1 3C
Jewelflower, Tiburon E 1 U N D 1 2C
Joint-vetch, sensitive T 5 S Y F 1 2
Kamakahala (Labordialydgatei) E 1 U Y F 1 11
Kauai hau kuahiwi E 1 U Y F 1 2
Kauila E 1 D Y F 1 5
Kaulu E 1 U Y F 1 8
Kioëele E 1 U N D 1 2
Koëokoëolau (Bidens micrantha kalealaha) E 1 U N D 1 9
Koëokoëolau (Bidens wiebkei) E 1 U Y F 1 2
Koëoloaëula E 1 S Y F 1 2
Kokiëo (=hau-heleëula or Hawaii tree cotton)E, CH 1 D Y F 1 2
Kokiëo keëokeëo E 1 D Y F 1 3
Kokio, Cookeís E 1 C NA NA 1 5
Kuahiwi, laukahi (Plantago hawaiensis) E 1 S Y F 1 5
Kuahiwi, laukahi (Plantago princeps) E 1 D N D 1 5
Kula, wahine noho E 1 U Y F 1 2
Kuluëi E 1 S Y F 1 8
Ladiesí-tresses, Navasota E 2 D Y F 1 2
Ladiesí-tresses, Ute T 6 D N D 1 2C
Lagu, Hyan E 1 D Y F 1 2
Larkspur, San Clemente Island E 1 I Y F 2 8
Layia, beach E 1 S N D 1 2
Lead-plant, Crenulate E 4 D Y F 2 5C
Leather-flower, Alabama E 4 S Y F 1 2
Leather-flower, Morefieldís E 4 D Y F 1 2
Lepanthes eltoroensis [NCN] E 4 S Y F 1 5
Leptocereus grantianus [NCN] E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Lichen, rock gnome E 4 D N D 1 5
Liliwai E 1 E N D 1 5
Lily, Minnesota dwarftrout E 3 I Y F 3 8
Lily, Western E 1 D N U 1 2
Lipochaeta venosa [NCN] E 1 D Y F 1 5
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island E 1 S Y F 1 8C
Lobelia niihauensis [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 8
Lobelia oahuensis [NCN] E 1 D Y F 1 5
Locoweed, Fassettís T 3 I Y F 2 9
Lomatium, Bradshawís E 1 I Y F 1 8
Loosestrife, rough-leaved E 4 U Y F 1 8
Loulu (Pritchardia affinis) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Loulu (Pritchardia munroi) E 1 S Y F 1 5
Loulu (Pritchardia remota) E 1 S N U 1 2
Lousewort, Furbish E 5 S Y R (1) 3 14
Lupine, clover E 1 S N D 1 5C
Lupine, scrub E 4 D Y F 2 2C
Lyonia truncata var. proctorii [NCN] E 4 D Y F 1 6C
Lysimachia filifolia [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 2
Lysimachia lydgatei [NCN] E 1 U N D 1 2
21
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Maëo hau hele (=hibiscus, native yellow) E 1 U N D 1 1
Maëoliëoli (Schiedea apokremnos) E 1 U Y F 1 8
Mahoe (Alectryon macrococcus) E 1 D N D 1 5
Makou T 1 U Y F 1 8
Mallow, Kern E 1 S N D 1 2
Mallow, Peterís Mountain E 5 I Y F 3 5
Manaca, palma de T 4 S Y F 2 8
Manioc, Walkerís E 2 U Y F 1 5
Manzanita, Morro T 1 S N D 1 2C
Manzanita, Presido (=Ravenís) E 1 S Y F 1 12
Mariposa lily, Tiburon T 1 U N D 1 14
Mariscus fauriei [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 14
Mariscus pennatiformis [NCN] E 1 U N D 1 5
Maua (Xylos macrenatum) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Meadowfoam, Butte County E 1 D N U 1 2C
Meadowfoam, Sebastopol E 1 D N U 1 2C
Meadowrue, Cooleyís E 4 S Y F 2 2
Mehamehame E 1 D N D 1 5
Mesa-mint, Otay E 1 D N D 1 2C
Mesa-mint, San Diego E 1 D Y F 1 5
Milk-vetch, Applegateís E 1 D N U 1 5
Milk-vetch, Ash meadows T, CH 1 S Y F 2 8
Milk-vetch, Cushenbury E 1 D N D 1 8
Milk-vetch, heliotrope T, CH 6 U N D 1 14
Milk-vetch, Jesupís E 5 S Y F 1 12
Milk-vetch, Mancos E 2 S Y F 1 5C
Milk-vetch, Osterhout E 6 D Y F 2 2
Milk-vetch, Sentry E 2 U N D 1 3
Milkpea, Smallís E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Milkweed, Meadís T 3 D N U 1 8
Milkweed, Welshís T, CH 6 D Y F 1 11C
Mint, Garrettís (=scrub, in part) E 4 D Y F 1 2C
Mint, Lakelaís E 4 D Y F 2 2C
Mint, longspurred E 4 D Y F 1 2C
Mint, scrub E 4 D Y F 1 2
Mitracarpus maxwelliae [NCN] E 4 D N D 1 5
Mitracarpus polycladus [NCN] E 4 S N D 1 5
Monkey-flower, Michigan E 3 S N D 1 9C
Monkshood, northern wild T 3 S Y RD (1) 3 8
Mountain balm, Indian Knob E 1 S N D 1 2C
Munroidendron racemosum [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Mustard, Carterís E 4 D Y F 1 2
Mustard, Penland alpine fen T 6 U N U 1 11C
Mustard, slender-petaled E 1 D N D 1 5C
Myrcia paganii [NCN] E 4 U Y F 1 8
Naëenaëe (Dubautia herbstobatae) E 1 U Y F 1 8
Naëenaëe (Dubautia latifolia) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Naëenaëe (Dubautia pauciflorula) E 1 U Y F 1 8
22
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Naupaka, dwarf E 1 S N U 1 2
Nehe (Lipochaeta fauriei) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Nehe (Lipochaeta kamolensis) E 1 U N D 1 2
Nehe (Lipochaeta lobata leptophylla) E 1 U Y F 1 6
Nehe (Lipochaeta micrantha) E 1 U Y F 1 8
Nehe (Lipochaeta tenuifolia) E 1 U Y F 1 8
Nehe (Lipochaeta waimeaensis) E 1 U Y F 1 2
Neraudia angulata [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Neraudia sericea [NCN] E 1 U N D 1 5
Nioi E 1 D Y F 1 5
Niterwort, Amargosa E, CH 1 S Y F 2 8
Nohoanu (Geranium arboreum) E 1 U N D 1 2
Nohoanu (Geranium multiflorum) E 1 U N D 1 8
Oak, Hinckley T 2 U Y F 1 8
Oha wai (Clermontia lindseyana) E 1 I Y F 1 2
Oha wai (Clermontia oblongifolia brevipes) E 1 U N D 1 6
Oha wai (Clermontia oblongifolia mauiensis) E 1 U N D 1 6
Oha wai (Clermontia peleana) E 1 U Y F 1 5
Oha wai (Clermontia pyrularia) E 1 U Y F 1 2
Ohai E 1 S N D 1 8
Oheëohe E 1 D Y F 1 5
Olulu E 1 D Y F 1 2
Opuhe E 1 U Y F 1 5
Orchid, eastern prairie fringed T 3 U N D 1 8
Orchid, western prairie fringed T 3 S Y F 2 8
Oxytheca, cushenbury E 1 D N D 1 9
Paintbrush, Tiburon E 1 U N D 1 8C
Palo colorado E 4 S Y F 1 11
Palo de jazmin E 4 D Y F 1 5
Palo de Nigua E 4 D Y F 1 5
Palo de Ramon E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pamakani (Tetramolopium capillare) E 1 U N D 1 2
Pamakani (Viola chamissoniana chamissoniana) E 1 U Y F 1 3
Panicgrass, Carterís E, CH 1 S N D 1 9
Pauëala E 1 S Y F 1 2
Pauoa E 1 S Y F 1 5
Pawpaw, beautiful E 4 D Y F 1 2
Pawpaw, four-petal E 4 D Y F 2 11
Pawpaw, Rugelís E 4 D Y F 1 2
Pelos del diablo E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Pennyroyal, Todsenís E, CH 2 I Y RD 1 8
Penstemon, blowout E 6 S Y F 2 11C
Pentachaeta, white-rayed E 1 U N D 1 8
Peperomia, Wheelerís E 4 S Y F 1 5
Phacelia, clay E 6 D Y F 1 5
Phacelia, North Park E 6 U Y F 2 5
Phlox, Texas trailing E 2 S Y F 1 3
Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 6
23
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Phyllostegia mannii [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Phyllostegia mollis [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Phyllostegia waimeae [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Pilo E 1 U Y F 1 5
Pink, swamp T 5 D Y F 1 7C
Pinkroot, gentian E 4 D N U 1 2
Pitaya, Davisí green E 2 D Y F 1 3
Pitcher-plant, Alabama canebrake E 4 S Y F 1 6
Pitcher-plant, green E 4 I Y R (2) 2 8
Pitcher-plant, mountain sweet E 4 S Y F 2 3
Plum, scrub E 4 D Y F 2 2
Poëe E 1 D Y F 1 2
Poa siphonoglossa [NCN] E 1 D Y F 1 5
Pogonia, small whorled T 5 I Y F 3 14
Polygala, Lewtonís E 4 D Y F 1 8
Polygala, tiny E 4 S Y F 2 5C
Polystichum calderonense [NCN] E 4 D Y F 1 5
Pondberry E 4 S Y F 1 8
Pondweed, Little Aguja Creek E 2 D Y F 1 5
Popolo, ku mai (=Popolo, thorny) E 1 D N D 1 5
Poppy, Sacramento prickly E 2 U Y F 1 3
Poppy-mallow, Texas E 2 D Y F 1 5C
Potato-bean, Priceís T 4 S Y F 1 8
Prairie-clover, leafy E 4 D Y F 1 5
Prickly-apple, fragrant E 4 D Y F 1 3
Prickly-ash, St. Thomas E 4 D Y F 1 2C
Primrose, Maguire T 6 D Y F 2 11C
Pteris lidgatei [NCN] E 1 U N U 1 5
Quillwort, black spored E 4 S Y F 1 5
Quillwort, Louisiana E 4 S Y F 1 8
Quillwort, mat-forming E 4 S Y F 1 8
Rattleweed, hairy E 4 D Y F 1 8
Reed-mustard, Barneby E 6 U Y F 1 11
Reed-mustard, clay T 6 U Y F 1 17
Remya kauaiensis [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Remya montgomeryi [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Remya, Maui E 1 U N D 1 5
Rhododendron, Chapman E 4 S Y F 1 8C
Ridge-cress (=pepper-cress), Barneby E 6 D Y F 1 5C
Rock-cress, McDonaldís E 1 U Y F 1 14
Rock-cress, shale barren E 5 S Y F 2 11
Rock-cress, small (=Braunís) E 4 D N D 1 5
Rosa, palo de E 4 S Y F 1 5
Rosemary, Apalachicola E 4 I Y F 1 8
Rosemary, Cumberland T 4 U Y F 1 8
Rosemary, Etonia E 4 S Y F 1 2C
Rosemary, short-leaved E 4 U Y F 1 8C
Roseroot, Leedyís T 3 S N D 1 9
24
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Rush-pea, slender E 2 D Y F 1 2
Sand-verbena, large-fruited E 2 U Y F 1 2
Sandalwood, Lanai or ëiliahi E 1 S Y F 1 3
Sandlace E 4 D Y F 2 8
Sandwort, Cumberland E 4 U Y F 1 8
Sandwort, Marsh E 1 D N D 1 5C
Sanicula mariversa [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Schiedea haleakalensis [NCN] E 1 U N U 1 2
Schiedea kaalae [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 2
Schiedea lydgatei [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 8
Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 6
Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina [NCN] T 1 U Y F 1 9
Schiedea verticillata [NCN] E 1 S N U 1 2
Schiedea, Diamond Head E 1 D Y F 1 2
Schoepfia arenaria [NCN] T 4 D Y F 1 5C
Seablite, California E 1 S N U 1 2
Sedge, Navajo T, CH 2 U Y F 1 8
Silene alexandri [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Silene hawaiiensis [NCN] T 1 I Y F 1 8
Silene lanceolata [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 2
Silene perlmanii [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Silversword, ëAhinahina Mauna Kea E 1 D Y F 1 6
Silversword, Haleakala (ëahinahina) T 1 S N D 2 9
Silversword, Kaëu E 1 S Y F 1 2
Skullcap, Florida T 4 S Y F 1 2
Skullcap, large-flowered E 4 S Y F 1 8
Snakeroot E 4 D Y F 2 2
Snowbells, Texas E 2 I Y F 1 2
Spermolepis hawaiiensis [NCN] E 1 U N D 1 5
Spineflower, Ben Lomond E 1 D N D 1 2C
Spineflower, Howellís E 1 S N D 1 2
Spineflower, Monterey T 1 I N D 1 9C
Spineflower, Robust (incl.ScottsValley) E 1 S N D 1 9C
Spineflower, slender-horned E 1 U N U 1 1C
Spineflower, Sonoma E 1 S N D 1 2
Spiraea, Virginia T 5 S Y F 1 8
Spurge, deltoid E 4 D Y F 2 6C
Spurge, Garberís T 4 S Y F 2 8
Spurge, telephus T 4 S Y F 1 2
Stenogyne bifida [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 2
Stenogyne campanulata [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 5
Stenogyne kanehoana [NCN] E 1 E Y F 1 5
Stenogyne, narrow-leaved E 1 S N D 1 2
Sumac, Michauxís E 4 D Y F 1 2
Sunflower, San Mateo woolly E 1 U N D 1 8
Sunflower, Schweinitzís E 4 D Y F 1 5
Sunray, Ash Meadows T, CH 1 S Y F 4 9
Sunshine, Sonoma (=Stickyseed, Bakerís) E 1 D N U 1 2C
25
Listed Species Listing
Status
Lead
Region
Population
Status
Recovery
Plan
Plan
Stage
Recovery
Achieved
Recovery
Priority
Tectaria estremerana [NCN] E 4 S Y F 1 8
Ternstroemia subsessilis [NCN] E 4 S Y F 1 11
Tetramolopium arenarium [NCN] E 1 D Y F 1 5
Tetramolopium filiforme [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 2
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum E 1 U Y F 1 3
Tetramolopium remyi [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 2
Tetramolopium rockii [NCN] T 1 U Y F 1 14
Thelypteris inabonensis (Fern, NCN) E 4 U Y F 1 5
Thelypteris verecunda (Fern, NCN) E 4 U Y F 1 5
Thelypteris yaucoensis (Fern, NCN) E 4 U Y F 1 5
Thistle, Chorro Creek bog E 1 S N U 1 9
Thistle, fountain E 1 U N D 1 3
Thistle, Loch Lomond coyote E 1 S NA NA 2 14
Thistle, Pitcherís T 3 D N D 1 8
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains T 2 S Y F 1 2
Thornmint, San Mateo E 1 D N D 1 6C
Torreya, Florida E 4 D Y F 1 5
Townsendia, Last Chance T 6 U Y F 1 11C
Tree, pygmy fringe E 4 I Y F 2 2
Trillium, persistent E 4 S Y F 2 8
Trillium, relict E 4 D Y F 1 8
Twinpod, Dudley Bluffs T 6 S Y F 2 14
Uhiuhi E 1 D Y F 1 2
Uvillo E 4 U N U 1 8
Vernonia proctorii [NCN] E 4 D Y F 1 5C
Vetch, Hawaiian E 1 S Y F 1 2C
Vigna o-wahuensis [NCN] E 1 U N D 1 5
Viola helenae [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 2
Viola lanaiensis [NCN] E 1 U Y F 1 2
Wahane (=Hawane or loëulu) E 1 U N U 1 5
Wallflower, Ben Lomond E 1 D N D 1 2C
Wallflower, Contra Costa E, CH 1 S Y R (1) 2 9
Wallflower, Menziesí E 1 S N D 2 2C
Warea, wide-leaf E 4 D Y F 1 2C
Water-plantain, Kralís T 4 S Y F 1 5C
Water-willow, Cooleyís E 4 U Y F 1 8
Watercress, Gambelís E 1 D N U 1 2C
Wawaeëiole (Phlegmariurus mannii) E 1 D N D 1 2
Wawaeëiole (Phlegmariurus nutans) E 1 S Y F 1 6
Whitlow-wort, papery T 4 S Y F 3 8
Wild-buckwheat, clay-loving E, CH 6 U Y F 1 5
Wild-buckwheat, gypsum T, CH 2 S Y F 2 8
Wild-rice, Texas E, CH 2 D Y R (1) 1 2C
Wings, Pigeon T 4 D Y F 1 14
Wire-lettuce, Malheur E, CH 1 D Y F 2 2
Wireweed E 4 D Y F 3 2
Woolly-star, Hooverís T 1 S N D 3 14
Woolly-star, Santa Ana River E 1 D N U 1 3C
Wooly-threads, San Joaquin E 1 S N D 1 7
Ziziphus, Florida E 4 D Y F 2 5
26
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Washington, DC 20240
1 800/348 WILD
http://www.fws.gov
May 1999