2011 national survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation Washington

              WashingtonU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated RecreationBaitU.S. Department of the Interior
Sally Jewell,
Secretary
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. Department of Commerce
Cameron F. Kerry,
Acting Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Mark Doms,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Acting Director
FHW/11-WA
Issued June 2013
2011 National Survey of
Fishing, Hunting, and
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Bait
Washington
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi­bilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities.
The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide finan­cial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Acting Director
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration
Hannibal Bolton,
Assistant Director
U.S. Department of the Interior
Sally Jewell,
Secretary
Economics and Statistics
Administration
Mark Doms,
Under Secretary for
Economic AffairsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington iii
Contents
List of Tables. . iv
Foreword. . vi
Survey Background and Method. . vii
Highlights
Introduction. . 2
Summary. . 4
Wildlife-Related Recreation. . 5
Sportspersons. . 6
Anglers. . 7
Hunters. . 9
Wildlife Watchers. . 11
2001–2011 Comparison. . 13
Tables
Guide to Statistical Tables. . 16
Fishing and Hunting Tables. . 17
Wildlife-Watching Tables. . 33
Appendixes
A. Definitions. . 44
B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews. . 48
C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends. . 54
D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy. . 64iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
List of Tables
Fishing and Hunting
1. Fishing and Hunting in Washington by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011. . 17
2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Washington by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 17
3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011. . 18
4. Washington Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011. . 18
5. Washington Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 18
6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011. . 19
7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Washington by Type of Fish: 2011. . 19
8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Washington: 2011. . 20
9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Washington by Type of Fish: 2011. . 20
10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Washington: 2011. . 21
11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Washington by Type of Fish: 2011. . 21
12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Washington by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 22
13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Washington by Type of Game: 2011. . 22
14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Washington by Type of Land: 2011. . 23
15. Selected Characteristics of Washington Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011. . 24
16. Summary of Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined
for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 25
17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011. . 26
18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 27
19. Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011. . 28
20. Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011. . 29
21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Washington for Fishing and Hunting by Washington Residents
and Nonresidents: 2011. . 30
22. Summary of Washington Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and
Outside Washington: 2011. . 31
23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Washington Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 32
Wildlife Watching
24. Wildlife Watching in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011. . 33
25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Washington: 2011. . .. 33
26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed,
or Fed in Washington: 2011. . 34
27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Washington: 2011. . 34
28. Washington Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011. . 35
29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 35U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington v
30. Selected Characteristics of Washington Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 36
31. Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 37
32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Washington for Wildlife Watching by
Washington Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 38
33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Washington by Washington Residents: 2011. . 39
34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Washington Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 40
35. Participation of Washington Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 40
36. Participation of Washington Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011. . 41vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
When I was growing up, it was taken as a matter of faith that kids belonged outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and during those long, hot Atlanta summers, it was common for our mom to holler, “You boys get outside, and don’t come back ‘til it’s dark.” It never occurred to me or my brothers to do anything else in our spare time but explore the world around us. The truth is, we had little else to do. But those experiences – waking up on frosty mornings and starting the campfire, scanning trees for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel in the dawn light, scouring creek beds for crawdads and other fishing bait, or simply of the fun we had tramping through the forest – shaped who I am, and drew me to a career in conserva­tion.
That’s why I’m excited by this 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This report, the 12th in a series that began in 1955, documents a significant resurgence in the number of people embracing America’s Great Outdoors.
Hunting participation has increased by 9 percent, while angling participation grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent of Americans participated in wildlife-related recreation, an increase of 2.6 million participants from the 2006 Survey.
In addition, wildlife-related recre­ation is a major driver of the nation’s economy. The 2011 Survey estimates that Americans spent $145 billion on related gear, trips, licenses, land acqui­sition or leases, and other purchases, representing about one percent of the nation’s gross domestic product.
This spending creates thousands of jobs, supports countless local commu­nities and provides vital funding for conservation.
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restora­tion Program, a cornerstone of wildlife conservation in the United States. Through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery and angling equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has distributed over $14 billion for State and territorial wildlife conser­vation programs.
This report would not have been possible without the combined efforts of state wildlife agencies – which provided financial support through the Multi-State Conservation Grant Programs – the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and a number of major national conservation organiza­tions. We also owe our gratitude to the thousands of survey respondents from households across America. Because
of you, this Survey is the nation’s definitive wildlife-related recreation database and information source concerning participation and purchases associated with hunting, fishing and other forms of wildlife-associated recreation nationwide.
The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi­cated to connecting people and families with nature. We are proud to celebrate the good news in this report, and we look forward to continuing progress as we work with the States, and all our partners and the public to help keep recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching growing and going strong.
Dan Ashe
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
ForewordU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington vii
Survey Background and Method
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wild­life watchers, how often they partici­pate, and how much they spend on their activities in the United States.
Preparations for the 2011 Survey began in 2008 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to coordinate the twelfth National Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as amended.
Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey plan­ning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives.
We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the American Sportfishing Association and National Shooting Sports Foundation to deter­mine survey content. Other sportsper­sons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice.
Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2011. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 48,600 households nationwide, to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2010, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2011. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2010 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2011 activities. For more information on the 2010 data, refer to Appendix B.
The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2011 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2011, and the last in January 2012. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expendi­tures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 11,330 anglers and hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D.
Comparability With
Previous Surveys
The 2011 Survey’s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable.
The methodology for these Surveys differs significantly from the 1955 to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in meth­odology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods.Highlights
2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from inter­views with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2011 participa­tion and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older.
The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activi­ties in the State in 2011. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected in the Survey’s household screen phase, we can estimate that about 51 percent more anglers and 44 percent more hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years prior to the screen survey year 2010.
In addition to 2011 estimates, we also provide trend information in the High­lights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2011 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports because they used similar methodolo­gies. The 2011 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted prior to 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy.
The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey.
This report does not provide infor­mation about the State’s wildlife resources. That, and additional infor­mation on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s website is www.fishwildlife.org.
Additionally, this report does not provide information about the State’s number of licensed anglers and hunters. Historical license data can be found at wsfrprograms.fws.gov.
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Wildlife-related recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activi­ties. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-related recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photo­graphing, and feeding fish or wildlife.
Fishing and Hunting
This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters.
Sportspersons
Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2011 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups shown in the diagram below: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted.
The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice.
Anglers
Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing.
SportspersonsAnglersHuntersFished onlyFishedandhuntedHuntedonly
IntroductionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 3
Hunters
Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns, but also those who have no license and those who engage in hunting with archery equipment, muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms, or pistols or handguns.
Four types of hunting are reported:
(1) big game, (2) small game,
(3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters partici­pated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters.
Wildlife Watchers
Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlife-watching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the National Surveys since 1991 have collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife).
The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wild­life around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included.
Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residen­tial) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of partici­pants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. Only those engaged in activities whose primary purpose was wildlife watching are included in the Survey. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are defined below.
Away-From-Home
This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities.
Around-The-Home
This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to iden­tify birds or other wildlife; (2) photo­graphing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern;
(5) maintaining plantings (shrubs,
agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit
to wildlife is the primary concern; or
(6) visiting parks and natural areas within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife.4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing. .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants. .
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home. .
Average days of participation
away from home. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing. .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants. .
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home. .
Average days of participation
away from home. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Activities in Washington by Residents and Nonresidents
Activities by Washington Residents Both Inside and
Outside Washington
2011 Washington Summary
938,000
13,449,000
14
$1,030,036,000
$539,035,000
$491,001,000
$1,085
$40
219,000
2,547,000
12
$356,251,000
$163,423,000
$192,828,000
$1,421
$64
2,168,000
891,000
1,849,000
9,641,000
11
$3,173,371,000
$506,658,000
$2,666,714,000
$1,412
$53
914,000
17,699,000
19
$1,190,626,000
$542,688,000
$647,938,000
$1,303
$31
218,000
2,756,000
13
$482,244,000
$198,944,000
$283,300,000
$2,207
$72
1,932,000
693,000
1,849,000
13,740,000
20
$3,079,826,000
$415,979,000
$2,663,846,000
$1,594
$30U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 5
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Participation in Washington
The 2011 Survey found that 2.8 million Washington residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Washington. Of the total number of participants, 938 thousand fished, 219 thousand hunted, and 2.2 million participated in wildlife-watching activities, which includes observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many of the individ­uals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity.
Participation in 2011 by 6- to 15-Year-Old Washington Residents
The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2010. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old participants to participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2010 and 2011. Based on this assumption, in addi­tion to the 914 thousand resident anglers 16 years old or older in Washington, there were 199 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 218 thousand Washingtonians 16 years old and older and 23 thousand Washing­tonians 6 to 15 years old who hunted. Finally, there were 1.9 million Washing­tonians 16 years old and older and 277 thousand Washingtonians 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Information on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B.
Expenditures in Washington
In 2011, state residents and nonresidents spent $4.9 billion on wildlife recreation in Washington. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $1.2 billion and equipment expenditures totaled $3.3 billion. The remaining $379 million was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items.
Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Washington: 2011
(U.S. residents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
.
Sportspersons
Total. .
Anglers. .
Hunters. .
.
Wildlife Watchers
Total. .
Away from home. .
Around the home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Tables 1 and 24.
Percent of Total Participantsby Activity(Total: 2.8 million participants)WildlifeWatchingHuntingFishing 34%8%79%Wildlife-RelatedRecreation Expenditures in Washington(Total: $4.9 billion)Trip-related 25%Equipment68%Other8%Percent of Total Residential Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Activity: 2010(Total: 391 thousand participants)WildlifeWatchingHuntingFishing 53%8%80%
2.8 million
1.0 million
938 thousand
219 thousand
2.2 million
891 thousand
1.8 million
6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Sportspersons
In 2011, 1.0 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Wash­ington. This group was comprised of 938 thousand anglers (93 percent of all sportspersons) and 219 thousand hunters (22 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 1.0 million sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 786 thousand (78 percent) fished but did not hunt in Washington. Another 67 thousand (7 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 152 thousand (15 percent) fished and hunted in Washington in 2011.
Sportspersons’ Participation in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
.
Anglers. .
Fished only. .
Fished and hunted. .
.
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hunted only. .
Hunted and fished. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 1.
1.0 million
938 thousand
786 thousand
152 thousand
219 thousand
67 thousand
152 thousandU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 7
Anglers
Participants and Days of Fishing
In 2011, 938 thousand state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Washington. Of this total, 835 thousand anglers (89 percent) were state residents and 103 thousand anglers (11 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 13.4 million days in Washington—an average of 14 days per angler. State residents fished 13.1 million days—97 percent of all fishing days in Washington. Nonresidents fished 341 thousand days in Washington—3 percent of all fishing days in the state.
A large majority of Washington resi­dents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 914 thousand Washington residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2011 for a total of 17.7 million days. An estimated 91 percent of all Washington residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by Washington residents, 74 percent or 13.1 million were in their home state. For further details about fishing in Wash­ington, see Table 3.
Anglers in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Anglers. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of fishing. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Washington anglers. .
In Washington. .
In other states. .
.
Days of fishing. .
In Washington. .
In other states. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
938 thousand
835 thousand
103 thousand
13.4 million
13.1 million
341 thousand
914 thousand
835 thousand
230 thousand
17.7 million
13.1 million
4.7 million8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing Expenditures in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Fishing. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 19.
Fishing Expenditures in Washington
All fishing-related expenditures in Washington totaled $1.0 billion in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging, transpor­tation, and other expenses totaled $539 million—52 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $161 million and transportation expenditures were $170 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $208 million. Each angler spent an average of $569 on trip-related costs during 2011.
Anglers spent $436 million on equipment in Washington in 2011, 42 percent of all fishing expendi­tures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, lines, etc.) spending totaled $215 million—49 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expendi­tures (tents, special fishing clothing, etc.) and special equipment expen­ditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $221 million—51 percent of the equipment total. Expenditures classi­fied as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $55 million—5 percent of all fishing expenditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Washington, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23.
Fishing Expenditures in Washington(Total: $1.0 billion)Equipment 42%Trip-related52%Other5%
$1.0 billion
$539 million
$436 million
$215 million
$221 million
$55 million
Percent of Anglers by Residence(Total: 938 thousand participants)NonresidentsResidents89%11%Comparative Fishing Expenditures by Type of Fishing All fishingFreshwater Saltwater$569$471$471$40$32$70Trip expenditures per angler:Trip expenditures per day:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 9
Hunters
Participants and Days of Hunting
In 2011, there were 219 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Washington. Resident hunters numbered 200 thou­sand, accounting for 92 percent of the hunters in Washington. Residents and nonresidents hunted 2.5 million days in 2011, an average of 12 days per hunter. Residents hunted 2.4 million days in Washington or 96 percent of all hunting days.
There were 218 thousand Washington residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2011 for a total of 2.8 million days. An estimated 92 percent of all Washington residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Washington residents, 89 percent or 2.4 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. For further information on hunting activities by Washington residents, see Table 3.
Hunters in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of hunting. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Source: Table 3.
219 thousand
200 thousand
...
2.5 million
2.4 million
...
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Washington hunters. .
In Washington. .
In other states. .
.
Days of hunting. .
In Washington. .
In other states. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
218 thousand
200 thousand
43 thousand
2.8 million
2.4 million
311 thousand10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Hunting Expenditures in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Hunting. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 20.
Hunting Expenditures in Washington
All hunting-related expenditures in Washington totaled $356 million in 2011. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transporta­tion, and other trip expenses, totaled $163 million—46 percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $75 million and transportation expenditures were $77 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $11 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $740.
Hunters spent $156 million on equip­ment—44 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $110 million and made up 70 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $47 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 30 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing, and ownership, cost hunters $36 million—10 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Washington, see Tables 20 through 23.
Hunting Expenditures inWashington(Total: $356 million)Equipment 44%Trip-related46%Other10%Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting All huntingBig game Small gameMigratory birdsOther animals$740$710..................$64$61Trip expenditures per hunter:Trip expenditures per day:... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
$356 million
$163 million
$156 million
$110 million
$47 million
$36 millionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 11
Participants and Days of Activity
In 2011, 2.2 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Wash­ington. Most of them, 85 percent (1.8 million), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People partici­pating in away-from-home activities in Washington in 2011 numbered 891 thousand—41 percent of all wildlife watchers in Washington. Of the 891 thousand, 607 thousand were state resi­dents and 284 thousand were nonresi­dents.
Washingtonians 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife watching within their state totaled 607 thousand. Of this group, 516 thousand participants observed wildlife, 149 thousand fed wildlife, and 307 thou­sand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one of the away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number away-from-home participants.
Washingtonians spent 8.3 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. They spent 4.2 million days observing and 4.7 million days photographing wild­life. For further details about away-from-home activities, see Table 25.
Washington residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2011, 1.8 million state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within one mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 1.4 million fed, 1.3 million observed, and 772 thousand photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 220 thousand participants maintained natural areas of one-quarter acre or more for wildlife; 281 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife; and 324 thousand participants visited parks or natural areas within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an estimate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 33 percent of Washingtonian around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Washington residents participating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27.
Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 25.
891 thousand
799 thousand
481 thousand
182 thousand
9.6 million
5.4 million
5.5 million
710 thousand
Wildlife Watchers
Wildlife-Watching Participants in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 24.
Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Washington
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Maintain natural areas. .
Maintain plantings. .
Visit parks and natural areas. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 27.
2.2 million
1.8 million
891 thousand
1.8 million
1.4 million
1.3 million
772 thousand
220 thousand
281 thousand
324 thousand12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Wild Bird Observers in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
.
Days, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 29.
Wild Bird Observers
Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Washington. In 2011, 1.5 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A majority, 79 percent (1.2 million), observed wild birds around the home while 47 percent (710 thousand) took trips away from home to watch birds.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Washington
Wildlife watchers spent $3.2 billion on wildlife-watching activities in Wash­ington in 2011. Trip-related expendi­tures, including food and lodging ($310 million), transportation ($158 million), and other trip expenses ($39 million), such as equipment rental, amounted to $507 million. This summation comprised 16 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average of the trip-related expendi­tures for away-from-home participants was $525 per person in 2011.
Wildlife-watching participants spent nearly $2.4 billion on equipment—75 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equip­ment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $249 million, 10 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $2.1 billion—90 percent of all equip­ment costs. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but could be used in activities other than wildlife watching.
Other items purchased by wildlife-watching participants, such as maga­zines, membership dues and contribu­tions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $280 million—9 percent of all wildlife-watching expen­ditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Washington, see Table 31.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Washington(Total: $3.2 billion)Equipment 75%Trip-related16%Other9%Away-From-Home Activity by Around-The-Home Participants(Total: 1.8 million participants)Both aroundthe homeand awayfrom homeAround thehome only67%33%
1.5 million
1.2 million
710 thousand
143.9 million
138.7 million
5.2 million
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Washington
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Wildlife watching. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 31.
$3.2 billion
$507 million
$2.4 billion
$249 million
$2.1 billion
$280 millionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 13
Comparing the estimates from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildlife-related recreation in the early twenty-first century in Washington. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here.
The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the esti­mates. A 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of the two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different.
The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Washington residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state esti­mates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity if U.S. residents in Washington.
The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all estimates are in 2011 dollars.
2001–2011 Comparison
Washington 2001 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2001 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Hunting
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . .. .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. .
Observers. .
Feeders. .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
938
938
0
12,841
13,449
NS5
$1,084,383
$1,030,036
NS–5
873
914
NS5
$1,228,050
$1,190,626
NS–3
227
219
NS–4
2,951
2,547
NS–14
$444,253
$356,251
NS–20
231
218
NS–6
$431,169
$482,244
NS12
1,065
891
NS–16
11,256
9,641
NS–14
874
693
NS–21
2,105
1,849
NS–12
1,476
1,253
NS–15
1,583
1,368
NS–14
$1,244,379
$3,173,371
155
$1,576,854
$3,079,826
9514 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Washington: 2001–2011(In thousands)938736227182938219Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Washington: 2001–2011(In thousands)Around the homeAway from home2011200620012011200620012,1051,0651,9279591,849891Total Expenditures by Participants in Washington (In millions of 2011 dollars)AnglersHuntersWildlife Watchers2011200620011,0844441,2441,0103491,6761,0303563,173AnglersHunters
Washington 2006 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2006 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Hunting
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . .. .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. .
Observers. .
Feeders. .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
736
938
NS27
8,882
13,449
NS51
$1,009,543
$1,030,036
NS2
690
914
32
$1,079,529
$1,190,626
NS10
182
219
NS20
2,126
2,547
NS20
$349,385
$356,251
NS2
187
218
NS17
$434,918
$482,244
NS11
959
891
NS–7
9,104
9,641
NS6
686
693
NS1
1,927
1,849
NS–4
1,432
1,253
NS–13
1,513
1,368
NS–10
$1,676,232
$3,173,371
89
$1,600,949
$3,079,826
92Tables
16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Guide to Statistical Tables
Purpose and Coverage of Tables
The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A.
The tables are based on responses to the 2011 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wi­ldlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter­viewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include partici­pation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States.
Comparability With Previous Surveys
The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2011 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided.
Coverage of an Individual Table
Since the Survey covers many activi­ties in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi­cates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species.
Percentages Reported in the Tables
Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories.
Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game.
When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total popu­lation who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages.
Footnotes to the Tables
Footnotes are used to clarify the infor­mation or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear:
* Estimate based on a sample size
of 10–29.
... Sample size too small to report
data reliably.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
X Not applicable.
NA Not available.
Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently:
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and no­nresponse.
“Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 5 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and fresh­water appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all fishing” row. Simi­larly, in Table 12, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist.
“Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered volun­tarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 17
Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Washington by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of sportspersons
Number
Percent of
resident
sportspersons
Number
Percent of
nonresident sportspersons
Total sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
1,005
100
889
100
*116
*100
Total anglers. .
938
93
835
94
*103
*89
Fished only. .
786
78
689
77
*97
*84
Fished and hunted. . .
152
15
146
16
...
...
Total hunters. .
219
22
200
23
...
...
Hunted only. .
*67
*7
*54
*6
...
...
Hunted and fished. . .
152
15
146
16
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Washington by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
938
100
13,449
100
12,579
100
Total, all freshwater. .
743
79
10,940
81
10,516
84
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
743
79
10,940
81
10,516
84
Great Lakes. .
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Saltwater. .
401
43
2,700
20
2,063
16
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
219
100
2,547
100
1,789
100
Big game. .
189
86
2,210
87
1,337
75
Small game. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and hunters, trips and
days of participation
Activity in Washington
Activity by Washington residents in United States
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Total, in state of residence and in other states
In state of
residence
In other states
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total anglers. .
938
100
835
89
*103
*11
914
100
835
91
230
25
Total trips. .
12,579
100
12,378
98
*201
*2
16,778
100
12,378
74
4,399
26
Total days of fishing. .
13,449
100
13,107
97
*341
*3
17,699
100
13,107
74
4,711
27
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
(X)
16
(X)
*3
(X)
19
(X)
16
(X)
20
(X)
HUNTING
Total hunters. .
219
100
200
92
...
...
218
100
200
92
*43
*20
Total trips. .
1,789
100
1,766
99
...
...
1,908
100
1,766
93
*142
*7
Total days of hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,547
100
2,445
96
...
...
2,756
100
2,445
89
*311
*11
Average days of hunting. .
12
(X)
12
(X)
...
(X)
13
(X)
12
(X)
*7
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 4. Washington Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Place fished or hunted
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all places. .
914
100
218
100
In-state only. .
684
75
176
80
In-state and other states. .
*152
*17
...
...
In other states only. .
*78
*9
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 5. Washington Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
914
100
17,699
100
16,778
100
Total, all freshwater. .
706
77
14,014
79
12,791
76
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
706
77
14,014
79
12,791
76
Great Lakes. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Saltwater. .
424
46
3,943
22
3,987
24
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
218
100
2,756
100
1,908
100
Big game. .
195
89
2,412
87
1,368
72
Small game. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 19
Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Washington
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total anglers. .
743
100
660
89
*84
*11
Total trips. .
10,516
100
10,360
99
*155
*1
Total days of fishing. .
10,940
100
10,650
97
*290
*3
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
(X)
16
(X)
*3
(X)
ANGLERS
Total, all types of water. .
743
100
660
89
*84
*11
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
477
100
445
93
...
...
Rivers or streams. .
.. 481
100
428
89
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of water. .
10,940
100
10,650
97
*290
*3
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
5,126
100
5,023
98
...
...
Rivers or streams. .
.. 6,031
100
5,916
98
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Washington by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Washington
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total types
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish. .
743
100
100
660
89
*84
*11
Crappie. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Black bass. .
*135
*18
*100
*127
*94
...
...
Catfish, bullheads. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
239
32
100
234
98
...
...
Trout. .
352
47
100
308
88
...
...
Salmon. .
330
44
100
280
85
*49
*15
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
*29
*4
*100
*27
*93
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish. .
10,940
100
100
10,650
97
*290
*3
Crappie. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Black bass. .
*3,460
*32
*100
*3,415
*99
...
...
Catfish, bullheads. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
2,974
27
100
2,959
99
...
...
Trout. .
2,136
20
100
2,022
95
...
...
Salmon. .
2,107
19
100
1,913
91
*194
*9
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
*499
*5
*100
*497
*100
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Washington: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Washington by Type of Fish: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 21
Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Washington by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Washington
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total types
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish. .
401
100
100
359
89
...
...
Salmon. .
237
59
100
226
95
...
...
Striped bass. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bluefish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Flatfish (flounder, halibut). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Red drum (redfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Seatrout (weakfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Mackerel. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Mahi Mahi (dolphinfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Shellfish. .
153
38
100
124
81
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Another type of saltwater fish. .
*50
*13
*100
*48
*95
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish. .
2,700
100
100
2,625
97
...
...
Salmon. .
1,859
69
100
1,833
99
...
...
Striped bass. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Bluefish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Flatfish (flounder, halibut). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Red drum (redfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Seatrout (weakfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Mackerel. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Mahi Mahi (dolphinfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Shellfish. .
727
27
100
665
92
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Another type of saltwater fish. .
*168
*6
*100
*165
*98
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Washington: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Washington
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total anglers. .
401
100
359
89
...
...
Total trips. .
2,063
100
2,018
98
...
...
Total days. .
2,700
100
2,625
97
...
...
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
(X)
7
(X)
...
(X)
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Washington by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters, trips, and days of hunting
Activity in Washington
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all hunting. .
219
100
200
92
...
...
Big game. .
189
100
182
96
...
...
Small game. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
TRIPS
Total, all hunting. .
1,789
100
1,766
99
...
...
Big game. .
1,337
100
1,330
99
...
...
Small game. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
DAYS
Total, all hunting. .
2,547
100
2,445
96
...
...
Big game. .
2,210
100
2,159
98
...
...
Small game. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Washington by Type of Game: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of game
Hunters, state residents and nonresidents
Days of hunting
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all types of game. .
219
100
2,547
100
Big game, total. .
189
86
2,210
87
Deer. .
176
80
1,271
50
Elk. .
106
48
635
25
Bear. .
...
...
...
...
W
ild turkey. .
...
...
...
...
Other big game. .
...
...
...
...
Small game, total. .
...
...
...
...
Rabbit, hare. .
...
...
...
...
Quail. .
...
...
...
...
Grouse/prairie chicken. .
...
...
...
...
Squirrel. .
...
...
...
...
Pheasant. .
...
...
...
...
Other small game. .
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds, total. .
...
...
...
...
W
aterfowl. .
...
...
...
...
Geese. .
...
...
...
...
Ducks. .
...
...
...
...
Doves. .
...
...
...
...
Other migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
Other animals, total1. .
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 23
Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Washington by Type of Land: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters and days of hunting
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all types of land. .
219
100
200
100
...
...
Public land, total. .
167
76
155
77
...
...
Public land only. .
*108
*49
*103
*51
...
...
Public and private land. .
*59
*27
*53
*26
...
...
Private land, total. .
111
51
*98
*49
...
...
Private land only. .
*52
*24
*45
*23
...
...
Private and public land. .
*59
*27
*53
*26
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of land. .
2,547
100
2,445
100
...
...
Public land1. .
1,765
69
1,693
69
...
...
Private land2. .
1,109
44
*1,032
*42
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land.
2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Washington Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Sportspersons
(fished or hunted)
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
of
sports-
persons
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of anglers
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of
hunters
Total persons. .
5,293
100
968
18
100
914
17
100
218
4
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
4,255
80
714
17
74
701
16
77
*134
*3
*61
Rural. .
1,038
20
254
24
26
213
21
23
*85
*8
*39
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
5,245
99
940
18
97
893
17
98
202
4
93
1,000,000 or more. .
3,095
58
473
15
49
460
15
50
*77
*2
*35
250,000 to 999,999. .
402
8
*78
*19
*8
*78
*19
*9
...
...
...
50,000 to 249,999. .
1,747
33
390
22
40
354
20
39
111
6
51
Outside MSA. .
49
1
*28
*57
*3
...
...
...
...
...
...
Sex
Male. .
2,568
49
715
28
74
661
26
72
205
8
94
Female. .
2,725
51
253
9
26
253
9
28
...
...
...
Age
16 to 17 years. .
151
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
533
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
25 to 34 years. .
1,000
19
*230
*23
*24
*230
*23
*25
...
...
...
35 to 44 years. .
958
18
264
28
27
240
25
26
*76
*8
*35
45 to 54 years. .
953
18
159
17
16
147
15
16
*45
*5
*20
55 to 64 years. .
861
16
*118
*14
*12
*115
*13
*13
...
...
...
65 years and older. .
836
16
134
16
14
119
14
13
*40
*5
*18
65 to 74 years. .
539
10
*98
*18
*10
*87
*16
*10
...
...
...
75 and older. .
297
6
*35
*12
*4
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
505
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
4,788
90
942
20
97
888
19
97
218
5
100
Race
White. .
4,385
83
884
20
91
830
19
91
215
5
98
African American. .
196
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
713
13
*70
*10
*7
*70
*10
*8
...
...
...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
586
11
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$20,000 to $29,999. .
399
8
*42
*10
*4
*42
*10
*5
...
...
...
$30,000 to $39,999. .
476
9
*77
*16
*8
*70
*15
*8
...
...
...
$40,000 to $49,999. .
395
7
*62
*16
*6
*60
*15
*7
...
...
...
$50,000 to $74,999. .
979
19
151
15
16
*145
*15
*16
*34
*4
*16
$75,000 to $99,999. .
752
14
152
20
16
*134
*18
*15
*71
*9
*32
$100,000 to $149,999. .
541
10
144
27
15
*129
*24
*14
*39
*7
*18
$150,000 or more. .
395
7
*167
*42
*17
*165
*42
*18
...
...
...
Not reported. .
771
15
*111
*14
*11
*109
*14
*12
...
...
...
Education
11 years or less. .
551
10
*48
*9
*5
*48
*9
*5
...
...
...
12 years. .
1,805
34
350
19
36
317
18
35
*86
*5
*40
1 to 3 years of college. .
1,197
23
242
20
25
239
20
26
*33
*3
*15
4 years or more of college. .
1,740
33
327
19
34
310
18
34
*95
*5
*44
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 25
Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
1,721,268
1,079
1,595
1,656
Food and lodging. .
236,192
714
331
235
Transportation. .
247,373
837
296
239
Other trip costs2. .
218,893
693
316
218
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
344,382
634
543
306
Auxiliary equipment3. .
135,211
329
411
129
Special equipment4. .
*440,303
*118
*3,721
*436
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
6,005
157
38
*5
Membership dues and contributions. .
11,162
149
75
*8
Other5. .
81,747
773
106
80
FISHING
Total. .
1,030,036
958
1,075
1,085
Food and lodging. .
160,994
649
248
172
Transportation. .
170,219
772
221
176
Other trip costs2. .
207,823
648
321
222
Fishing equipment. .
214,677
554
387
225
Auxiliary equipment3. .
48,657
167
291
*52
Special equipment4. .
*172,245
*96
*1,799
*184
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*2,507
*72
*35
*3
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
49,138
644
76
51
HUNTING
Total. .
356,251
277
1,287
1,421
Food and lodging. .
75,198
184
409
344
Transportation. .
77,154
203
380
346
Other trip costs2. .
*11,070
*80
*139
*51
Hunting equipment. .
109,555
183
598
348
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*38,486
*111
*346
*147
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
...
...
...
...
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
32,609
209
156
148
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
303,382
143
2,118
*301
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair
of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
angler (dollars)1
ALL FISHING
Total. .
974,615
924
1,055
1,030
Food and lodging. .
160,994
649
248
172
Transportation. .
170,219
772
221
176
Other trip costs. .
207,823
648
321
222
Equipment. .
435,580
596
731
461
ALL FRESHWATER
Total. .
691,510
737
939
729
Food and lodging. .
117,694
520
226
125
Transportation. .
109,795
606
181
112
Other trip costs. .
122,532
512
239
131
Equipment. .
341,489
446
766
361
FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES
Total. .
691,510
737
939
729
Food and lodging. .
117,694
520
226
125
Transportation. .
109,795
606
181
112
Other trip costs. .
122,532
512
239
131
Equipment. .
341,489
446
766
361
GREAT LAKES
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
SALTWATER
Total. .
260,879
370
705
277
Food and lodging. .
43,300
286
151
46
Transportation. .
60,423
338
179
64
Other trip costs. .
85,290
252
338
91
Equipment. .
*71,866
*152
*471
*76
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 27
Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per
type of hunter
(dollars)1
ALL HUNTING
Total. .
319,821
256
1,249
1,261
Food and lodging. .
75,198
184
409
344
Transportation. .
77,154
203
380
346
Other trip costs. .
*11,070
*80
*139
*51
Equipment. .
156,398
205
764
522
BIG GAME
Total. .
246,662
213
1,160
973
Food and lodging. .
58,223
162
359
266
Transportation. .
69,106
180
383
316
Other trip costs. .
*6,914
*67
*104
*32
Equipment. .
112,418
157
718
360
SMALL GAME
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
OTHER ANIMALS
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 19. Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average
per angler
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of anglers
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
1,030,036
1,085
958
102
1,075
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
539,035
569
874
93
617
Food and lodging, total. .
160,994
172
649
69
248
Food. .
130,419
139
645
69
202
Lodging. .
*30,575
*33
*128
*14
*238
Transportation. .
170,219
176
772
82
221
Other trip costs, total. .
207,823
222
648
69
321
Privilege and other fees2. .
46,998
50
241
26
195
Boating costs3. .
110,204
117
263
28
419
Bait. .
38,014
41
442
47
86
Ice. .
8,269
9
346
37
24
Heating and cooking fuel. .
*4,337
*5
*146
*16
*30
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR FISHING
Fishing equipment, total. .
214,677
225
554
59
387
Reels, rods, and rod-making components. .
105,389
109
315
34
335
Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.. .
24,880
26
499
53
50
Artificial lures and flies. .
49,661
53
452
48
110
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks. .
*3,014
*3
*86
*9
*35
Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other fishing equipment4. .
29,192
31
257
27
114
Auxiliary equipment5. .
48,657
*52
167
18
291
Special equipment6. .
*172,245
*184
*96
*10
*1,799
Other fishing costs7. .
55,421
55
670
71
83
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use.
3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment,
processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 29
Table 20. Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount (thousands
of dollars)
Average
per hunter
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of hunters
Average per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
356,251
1,421
277
126
1,287
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
163,423
740
213
97
766
Food and lodging, total. .
75,198
344
184
84
409
Food. .
60,796
278
184
84
331
Lodging. .
...
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
77,154
346
203
93
380
Other trip costs, total. .
*11,070
*51
*80
*36
*139
Privilege and other fees2. .
*7,631
*35
*46
*21
*167
Boating costs3. .
...
...
...
...
...
Heating and cooking fuel. .
*1,515
*7
*41
*19
*37
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING
Hunting equipment, total. .
109,555
348
183
84
598
Firearms. .
*47,921
...
*37
*17
*1,296
Ammunition. .
21,612
*63
133
61
162
Other hunting equipment4. .
*40,021
*140
*91
*42
*438
Auxiliary equipment5. .
*38,486
*147
*111
*51
*346
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other hunting costs7. .
36,431
160
231
106
157
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment.
3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery
equipment, and other hunting equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of
equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included.30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Washington for Fishing and Hunting by Washington Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per sportsperson
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
1,622,354
1,028
1,578
7,415
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
974,615
924
1,055
1,030
Food and lodging. .
160,994
649
248
172
Transportation. .
170,219
772
221
176
Boating costs2. .
110,204
263
419
117
Other trip costs3. .
97,618
632
155
104
Equipment. .
435,580
596
731
461
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
348,421
310
1,124
1,261
Food and lodging. .
75,198
184
409
344
Transportation. .
77,154
203
380
346
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*9,146
*77
*118
*42
Equipment. .
184,998
259
715
522
Unspecified equipment4. .
*299,319
*99
*3,033
*1,368
STATE RESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
1,531,433
888
1,724
7,649
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
930,238
821
1,133
1,107
Food and lodging. .
142,715
592
241
171
Transportation. .
151,538
680
223
175
Boating costs2. .
109,482
257
426
131
Other trip costs3. .
95,289
584
163
114
Equipment. .
431,215
575
750
516
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
301,876
266
1,133
1,204
Food and lodging. .
55,832
165
338
279
Transportation. .
72,451
189
384
354
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*3,359
*68
*49
*17
Equipment. .
168,310
222
758
545
Unspecified equipment4. .
*299,319
*99
*3,033
*1,495
NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
90,921
140
651
*4,895
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
*44,377
*103
*432
*403
Food and lodging. .
*18,280
*57
*322
*178
Transportation. .
*18,680
*92
*203
*182
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*2,329
*48
*49
*23
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
*46,544
*44
*1,064
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
*16,688
*37
*455
...
Unspecified equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil.
4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 31
Table 22. Summary of Washington Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Washington: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
2,020,154
949
2,128
2,088
Food and lodging. .
235,683
717
329
244
Transportation. .
290,533
820
355
300
Other trip costs2. .
215,415
693
311
223
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
446,502
644
693
461
Auxiliary equipment3. .
175,548
361
487
181
Special equipment4. .
*463,404
*130
*3,568
*479
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
8,191
180
46
8
Membership dues and contributions. .
*10,122
*159
*64
*10
Other5. .
174,756
752
232
181
FISHING
Total. .
1,190,626
893
1,334
1,303
Food and lodging. .
154,203
659
234
169
Transportation. .
185,560
752
247
203
Other trip costs2. .
202,925
649
313
222
Fishing equipment. .
287,417
576
499
315
Auxiliary equipment3. .
71,100
201
354
78
Special equipment4. .
*186,591
*109
*1,708
*204
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*2,741
*75
*37
*3
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
98,426
633
156
108
HUNTING
Total. .
482,244
218
2,207
2,207
Food and lodging. .
81,480
181
450
373
Transportation. .
104,973
202
521
480
Other trip costs2. .
*12,491
*89
*140
*57
Hunting equipment. .
138,936
175
795
636
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*46,323
*111
*418
*212
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*2,282
*65
*35
*10
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
76,330
206
371
349
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
308,656
156
1,979
319
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and
repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Washington Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)1
IN WASHINGTON
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
1,618,210
899
1,799
1,610
Trip-related expenditures. .
632,590
830
762
629
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
328,259
593
553
327
Auxiliary equipment2. .
132,788
313
424
132
Special equipment3. .
*437,796
*114
*3,827
*436
Other4. .
86,777
720
121
86
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
980,457
838
1,171
1,045
Trip-related expenditures. .
499,024
778
641
532
Fishing equipment. .
210,356
534
394
224
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*48,614
*167
*291
*52
Special equipment3. .
*172,245
*96
*1,799
*184
Other4. .
50,219
590
85
54
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
303,452
218
1,389
1,387
Trip-related expenditures. .
133,566
195
686
610
Hunting equipment. .
97,753
161
608
447
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*36,107
*96
*375
*165
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
30,176
203
149
138
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
*302,701
*132
*2,285
*301
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
577,108
812
711
574
Trip-related expenditures. .
284,205
244
1,165
283
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
*118,243
*644
*184
*118
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*42,760
*361
*119
*43
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
106,292
384
277
106
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
361,144
717
504
385
Trip-related expenditures. .
194,640
222
878
207
Fishing equipment. .
*77,061
*576
*134
*82
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
*52,611
*261
*201
*56
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
*217,581
*197
*1,104
*994
Trip-related expenditures. .
*89,565
*43
*2,099
*409
Hunting equipment. .
...
...
...
...
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
*50,754
*108
*471
*232
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders,
maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes,
house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and
plantings.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 33
Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
2,168
100
Away from home. .
891
41
Observe wildlife. .
799
37
Photograph wildlife. .
481
22
Feed wildlife. .
*182
*8
Around the home. .
1,849
85
Observe wildlife. .
1,253
58
Photograph wildlife. .
772
36
Feed wildlife. .
1,368
63
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
324
15
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
338
16
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
Washington: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants, trips, and days of participation
Activity in Washington
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
PARTICIPANTS
Total participants. .
891
100
607
100
284
100
Observe wildlife. .
799
90
516
85
283
100
Photograph wildlife. .
481
54
307
51
*173
*61
Feed wildlife. .
*182
*20
*149
*25
...
...
TRIPS
Total Trips. .
4,839
100
4,195
100
644
100
Average days per trip. .
2
(X)
2
(X)
2
(X)
DAYS
Total days. .
9,641
100
8,311
100
1,330
100
Observing wildlife. .
5,357
56
4,239
51
1,118
84
Photographing wildlife. .
5,482
57
4,688
56
*794
*60
Feeding wildlife. .
*710
*7
...
...
...
...
Average days per participant. .
11
(X)
14
(X)
5
(X)
Observing wildlife. .
7
(X)
8
(X)
4
(X)
Photographing wildlife. .
11
(X)
15
(X)
*5
(X)
Feeding wildlife. .
*4
(X)
...
(X)
...
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Washington: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total all wildlife. .
891
100
607
68
284
32
Total birds. .
824
100
541
66
283
34
Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). .
382
100
281
73
*102
*27
Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.). .
623
100
384
62
*238
*38
Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
650
100
444
68
*206
*32
Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.). .
419
100
299
71
*120
*29
Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.). .
*147
*100
*116
*79
...
...
Total land mammals. .
548
100
404
74
*144
*26
Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.). .
424
100
300
71
*124
*29
Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.). .
429
100
312
73
*117
*27
Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.). .
.. *221
*100
*164
*74
*57
*26
Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.). .
286
100
*160
*56
*126
*44
Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.). .
346
100
*226
*65
*120
*35
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Washington: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Around the home
Participants
Number
Percent
Total around-the-home participants. .
1,849
100
Observe wildlife. .
1,253
68
Visit parks and natural areas1. .
324
18
Photograph wildlife. .
772
42
Feed wildlife. .
1,368
74
Maintain natural areas. .
220
12
Maintain plantings. .
281
15
Participants Observing Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
1,253
100
Birds. .
1,193
95
Land mammals. .
922
74
Large mammals. .
589
47
Small mammals. .
770
61
Amphibians or reptiles. .
232
19
Insects or spiders. .
449
36
Fish and other wildlife. .
241
19
Total, 1 day or more. .
1,253
100
1 to 10 days. .
355
28
1
1 to 50 days. .
294
23
51 to 200 days. .
202
16
201 days or more. .
370
30
Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas1
Total, 1 day or more. .
324
100
1 to 5 days. .
*147
*45
6 to 10 days. .
...
...
1
1 days or more. .
*105
*32
Participants Photographing Wildlife
Total, 1 day or more. .
772
100
1 to 3 days. .
318
41
4 to 10 days. .
241
31
1
1 or more days. .
*208
*27
Participants Feeding Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
1,368
100
W
ild birds. .
1,308
96
Other wildlife. .
406
30
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 35
Table 28. Washington Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent of participants
Percent of population
Total participants. .
1,932
100
37
Away from home. .
693
36
13
Around the home. .
1,849
96
35
Observe wildlife. .
1,253
65
24
Photograph wildlife. .
772
40
15
Feed wild birds or other wildlife. .
1,368
71
26
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
338
17
6
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
324
17
6
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of
population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.
Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Observers and days of observation
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
OBSERVERS
Total bird observers. .
1,516
100
1,256
100
260
100
Around-the-home observers. .
1,193
79
1,193
95
(X)
(X)
Away-from-home observers. .
710
47
449
36
260
100
DAYS
Total days observing birds. . .. .
143,930
100
142,908
100
1,022
100
Around the home. .
138,736
96
138,736
97
(X)
(X)
Away from home. .
5,194
4
4,172
3
1,022
100
(X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Washington Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Participants
Total
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Total persons. .
5,293
100
1,932
37
100
693
13
100
1,849
35
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
4,255
80
1,407
33
73
509
12
73
1,323
31
72
Rural. .
1,038
20
526
51
27
*184
*18
*27
526
51
28
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
5,245
99
1,917
37
99
690
13
100
1,834
35
99
1,000,000 or more. .
3,095
58
1,081
35
56
449
15
65
1,002
32
54
250,000 to 999,999. .
402
8
*73
*18
*4
...
...
...
*73
*18
*4
50,000 to 249,999. .
1,747
33
763
44
39
*222
*13
*32
759
43
41
Outside MSA. .
49
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Sex
Male. .
2,568
49
920
36
48
297
12
43
912
36
49
Female. .
2,725
51
1,012
37
52
396
15
57
937
34
51
Age
16 to 17 years. .
151
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
533
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
25 to 34 years. .
1,000
19
*313
*31
*16
...
...
...
*242
*24
*13
35 to 44 years. .
958
18
*337
*35
*17
...
...
...
*329
*34
*18
45 to 54 years. .
953
18
280
29
15
*132
*14
*19
276
29
15
55 to 64 years. .
861
16
335
39
17
*126
*15
*18
335
39
18
65 years and older. .
836
16
544
65
28
*217
*26
*31
544
65
29
65 to 74 years. .
539
10
457
85
24
*197
*37
*28
457
85
25
75 and older. .
297
6
*87
*29
*5
...
...
...
*87
*29
*5
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
505
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
4,788
90
1,844
39
95
675
14
97
1,769
37
96
Race
White. .
4,385
83
1,746
40
90
627
14
90
1,675
38
91
African American. .
196
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
713
13
*178
*25
*9
...
...
...
*166
*23
*9
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
586
11
*107
*18
*6
...
...
...
*99
*17
*5
$20,000 to $29,999. .
399
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$30,000 to $39,999. .
476
9
*202
*42
*10
...
...
...
*202
*42
*11
$40,000 to $49,999. .
395
7
*142
*36
*7
...
...
...
*142
*36
*8
$50,000 to $74,999. .
979
19
*259
*26
*13
*164
*17
*24
*188
*19
*10
$75,000 to $99,999. .
752
14
*284
*38
*15
*167
*22
*24
*280
*37
*15
$100,000 to $149,999. .
541
10
304
56
16
*63
*12
*9
304
56
16
$150,000 or more. .
395
7
*228
*58
*12
...
...
...
*228
*58
*12
Not reported. .
771
15
368
48
19
*163
*21
*24
368
48
20
Education
11 years or less. .
551
10
*203
*37
*11
...
...
...
*203
*37
*11
12 years. .
1,805
34
486
27
25
*176
*10
*25
441
24
24
1 to 3 years of college. .
1,197
23
457
38
24
*193
*16
*28
427
36
23
4 years or more of college .
1,740
33
786
45
41
277
16
40
779
45
42
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 37
Table 31. Expenditures in Washington by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of wildlife-watching participants2
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
3,173,371
1,412
1,966
91
1,615
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
506,658
525
853
96
594
Food and lodging. .
310,010
348
698
78
444
Food. .
227,881
256
657
74
347
Lodging. .
*82,129
*92
*211
*24
*390
Transportation. .
157,634
133
799
90
197
Other trip costs3. .
39,014
44
335
38
117
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
2,666,714
1,197
1,648
76
1,618
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
248,525
110
1,415
65
176
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
*12,117
*4
*127
*6
*96
Film and photo processing. .
*9,953
*4
*203
*9
*49
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic
equipment, including memory cards. .
*71,432
*30
*375
*17
*190
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
*47,807
*22
*202
*9
*237
Bird food. .
59,916
28
805
37
74
Food for other wildlife. .
*14,070
*6
*227
*10
*62
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
16,868
8
465
21
36
Other equipment (including field guides). .
*16,362
*8
*201
*9
*81
Auxiliary equipment4. .
*77,929
*10
*170
*8
*458
Special equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*5,445
*2
*232
*11
*23
Membership dues and contributions. .
38,069
16
332
15
115
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
22,454
10
263
12
85
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Washington for Wildlife Watching by Washington Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
2,893,011
1,803
1,605
1,287
Food and lodging. .
310,010
698
444
348
Transportation. .
157,634
799
197
133
Other trip costs2. .
39,014
335
117
44
Equipment3. .
2,386,353
1,443
1,654
1,071
STATE RESIDENTS
Total. .
2,542,696
1,468
1,732
1,300
Food and lodging. .
66,236
448
148
109
Transportation. .
90,408
576
157
85
Other trip costs2. .
*10,963
*214
*51
*18
Equipment3. .
2,375,090
1,355
1,753
1,232
NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
350,315
334
1,047
1,198
Food and lodging. .
243,774
249
978
859
Transportation. .
67,226
223
302
237
Other trip costs2. .
*28,051
*120
*233
*99
Equipment3. .
*11,264
*88
*129
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 39
Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Washington by Washington Residents: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per
participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
wildlife-watching participants2
Average per spender (dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
3,079,826
1,594
1,573
81
1,958
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
415,979
600
659
95
631
Food and lodging. .
188,348
272
513
74
367
Food. .
128,176
185
466
67
275
Lodging. .
*60,173
*87
*196
*28
*307
Transportation. .
193,233
279
589
85
328
Other trip costs3. .
34,398
50
317
46
108
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
2,663,846
1,379
1,533
79
1,737
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
253,862
131
1,387
72
183
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
*12,303
*6
*124
*6
*99
Film and photo processing. .
*9,721
*5
*184
*10
*53
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other
photographic equipment, including memory cards. .
*73,735
*38
*358
*19
*206
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
*48,128
*25
*209
*11
*230
Bird food. .
62,598
32
803
42
78
Food for other wildlife. .
*14,009
*7
*221
*11
*63
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
16,752
9
459
24
36
Other equipment. .
*16,615
*9
*233
*12
*71
Auxiliary equipment4. .
*73,712
*38
*160
*8
*462
Special equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*5,255
*3
*233
*12
*23
Membership dues and contributions. .
33,631
17
285
15
118
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
22,454
12
263
14
85
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Washington Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure Item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
IN WASHINGTON
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,812,996
1,557
1,806
1,464
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. 167,607
595
282
276
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
242,345
1,351
179
127
Auxiliary equipment5. .
*72,845
*143
*508
*12
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
270,300
536
505
143
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*261,253
*298
*876
*1,144
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. *248,373
*224
*1,108
*1,108
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
*11,213
*101
*111
...
Auxiliary equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both
away-from-home and around-the-home participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and
packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment.
5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 35. Participation of Washington Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Total wildlife watchers
Wildife-watching activity
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
1,932
100
693
100
1,849
100
Wildlife-watching participants who:
Did not fish or hunt. .
1,343
70
466
67
1,307
71
Fished or hunted. .
589
30
227
33
542
29
Fished. .
558
29
214
31
513
28
Hunted. .
*128
*7
*78
*11
*117
*6
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 41
Table 36. Participation of Washington Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Sportspersons
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total sportspersons. .
968
100
914
100
218
100
Sportspersons who:
Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities. .
378
39
355
39
*91
*41
Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. .
589
61
558
61
*128
*59
A
way from home. .
227
23
214
23
*78
*35
Around the home. .
542
56
513
56
*117
*54
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
State reports for previous Surveys included tables that had estimates for all fifty states. In order to expedite release of the 2011 Washington State report, state estimates have been deleted. To find state estimates other than Washington, go to http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/reports2011.html.
State reports are being released alphabetically, beginning in early 2013.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 43
Appendix A
44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Annual household income—Total 2011 income of household members before taxes and other deductions.
Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and natural areas to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife.
Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlife-watching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. For both sportspersons and wildlife watchers, it also includes electronic auxiliary equipment such as Global Positioning Systems.
Away-from-home wildlife watching—Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not included.
Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted.
Census Divisions
East North Central
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
East South Central
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Mountain
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
New England
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Pacific
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
South Atlantic
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
West Virginia
West North Central
Kansas
Iowa
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Day—Any part of a day spent partici­pating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the after­noon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting.
Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college.
Expenditures—Money spent in 2011 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books, magazines, and DVDs; membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning; hunting and fishing licenses; and plant­ings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by partici­pants for themselves and the value of gifts they received.
Appendix A.
DefinitionsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington 45
Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing.
Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing:
Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components
Lines and leaders
Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines
Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits
Tackle boxes
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks
Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers
Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices
Ice fishing equipment
Other fishing equipment
Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams.
Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon.
Home—The starting point of a wild­life-related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin.
Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with fire­arms or archery equipment.
Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting:
Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns
Archery equipment
Telescopic sights
Decoys and game calls
Ammunition
Hand loading equipment
Hunting dogs and associated costs
Other hunting equipment
Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it.
Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environ­ment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)—A Metropolitan Statis­tical Area is a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. The “Outside MSA” classification include census-defined Micropolitan Statistical Areas (or Micro areas). A Micro area is defined as a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhab­itants. Refer to <www.census.gov
/population/metro/about/>, for a more detailed definition of the Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted.
Multiple responses—The term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, for example, total participants is the sum of male and female partici­pants, because “male” and “female” are mutually exclusive categories.
Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California.
Nonresponse—A term used to reflect the fact that some Survey respondents provide incomplete sets of informa­tion. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Total hunting expen­diture estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts.
Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fish or other wildlife.
Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, alligators, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classified as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classified as unprotected or preda­tory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classified as “other animals” in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game.
Participants—Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or a wildlife-watching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, fished, or wildlife watched in 2011 to be considered a participant.
Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.”
Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure.
Private land—Land owned by a busi­ness, nongovernmental organization, private individual, or a group of indi­viduals such as an association or club.
Public land—Land that is owned by local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds),
46 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Washington U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
State governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or the federal government (such as National Forests, Recreational Areas, and Wild­life Refuges).
Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California and watches whales in California is a resi­dential wildlife watcher in California.
Rural—All territory, population, and housing units located outside of urban­ized areas and urban clusters, as deter­mined by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and sounds, and the tidal por