2011 national survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation Vermont

              VermontU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated RecreationBaitU.S. Department of the Interior
Sally Jewell,
Secretary
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. Department of Commerce
Cameron F. Kerry,
Acting Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Mark Doms,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Acting Director
FHW/11-VT
Issued June 2013
2011 National Survey of
Fishing, Hunting, and
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Bait
Vermont
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi­bilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities.
The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide finan­cial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Acting Director
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration
Hannibal Bolton,
Assistant Director
U.S. Department of the Interior
Sally Jewell,
Secretary
Economics and Statistics
Administration
Mark Doms,
Under Secretary for
Economic AffairsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont iii
Contents
List of Tables. . iv
Foreword. . vi
Survey Background and Method. . vii
Highlights
Introduction. . 2
Summary. . 4
Wildlife-Related Recreation. . 5
Sportspersons. . 6
Anglers. . 7
Hunters. . 9
Wildlife Watchers. . 11
2001–2011 Comparison. . 13
Tables
Guide to Statistical Tables. . 16
Fishing and Hunting Tables. . 17
Wildlife-Watching Tables. . 33
Appendixes
A. Definitions. . 44
B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews. . 48
C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends. . 54
D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy. . 64iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
List of Tables
Fishing and Hunting
1. Fishing and Hunting in Vermont by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011. . 17
2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Vermont by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 17
3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011. . 18
4. Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011. . 18
5. Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 18
6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011. . 19
7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Vermont by Type of Fish: 2011. . 19
8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Vermont: 2011. . 20
9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Vermont by Type of Fish: 2011. . .. 20
10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Vermont: 2011. . 21
11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Vermont by Type of Fish: 2011. . .. . 21
12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Vermont by Type of Hunting: 2011. . .. 22
13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Vermont by Type of Game: 2011. . 22
14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Vermont by Type of Land: 2011. . 23
15. Selected Characteristics of Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011. . 24
16. Summary of Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined
for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 25
17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011. . 26
18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 27
19. Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011. . 28
20. Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011. . 29
21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Vermont for Fishing and Hunting by Vermont Residents
and Nonresidents: 2011. . 30
22. Summary of Vermont Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and
Outside Vermont: 2011. . 31
23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 32
Wildlife Watching
24. Wildlife Watching in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011. . 33
25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Vermont: 2011. . 33
26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed,
or Fed in Vermont: 2011. . 34
27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Vermont: 2011. . 34
28. Vermont Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011. . 35
29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 35U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont v
30. Selected Characteristics of Vermont Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 36
31. Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 37
32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Vermont for Wildlife Watching by
Vermont Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 38
33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Vermont by Vermont Residents: 2011. . 39
34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 40
35. Participation of Vermont Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 40
36. Participation of Vermont Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011. . 41vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
When I was growing up, it was taken as a matter of faith that kids belonged outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and during those long, hot Atlanta summers, it was common for our mom to holler, “You boys get outside, and don’t come back ‘til it’s dark.” It never occurred to me or my brothers to do anything else in our spare time but explore the world around us. The truth is, we had little else to do. But those experiences – waking up on frosty mornings and starting the campfire, scanning trees for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel in the dawn light, scouring creek beds for crawdads and other fishing bait, or simply of the fun we had tramping through the forest – shaped who I am, and drew me to a career in conserva­tion.
That’s why I’m excited by this 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This report, the 12th in a series that began in 1955, documents a significant resurgence in the number of people embracing America’s Great Outdoors.
Hunting participation has increased by 9 percent, while angling participation grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent of Americans participated in wildlife-related recreation, an increase of 2.6 million participants from the 2006 Survey.
In addition, wildlife-related recre­ation is a major driver of the nation’s economy. The 2011 Survey estimates that Americans spent $145 billion on related gear, trips, licenses, land acqui­sition or leases, and other purchases, representing about one percent of the nation’s gross domestic product.
This spending creates thousands of jobs, supports countless local commu­nities and provides vital funding for conservation.
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restora­tion Program, a cornerstone of wildlife conservation in the United States. Through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery and angling equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has distributed over $14 billion for State and territorial wildlife conser­vation programs.
This report would not have been possible without the combined efforts of state wildlife agencies – which provided financial support through the Multi-State Conservation Grant Programs – the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and a number of major national conservation organiza­tions. We also owe our gratitude to the thousands of survey respondents from households across America. Because
of you, this Survey is the nation’s definitive wildlife-related recreation database and information source concerning participation and purchases associated with hunting, fishing and other forms of wildlife-associated recreation nationwide.
The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi­cated to connecting people and families with nature. We are proud to celebrate the good news in this report, and we look forward to continuing progress as we work with the States, and all our partners and the public to help keep recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching growing and going strong.
Dan Ashe
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
ForewordU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont vii
Survey Background and Method
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wild­life watchers, how often they partici­pate, and how much they spend on their activities in the United States.
Preparations for the 2011 Survey began in 2008 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to coordinate the twelfth National Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as amended.
Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey plan­ning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives.
We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the American Sportfishing Association and National Shooting Sports Foundation to deter­mine survey content. Other sportsper­sons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice.
Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2011. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 48,600 households nationwide, to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2010, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2011. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2010 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2011 activities. For more information on the 2010 data, refer to Appendix B.
The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2011 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2011, and the last in January 2012. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expendi­tures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 11,330 anglers and hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D.
Comparability With
Previous Surveys
The 2011 Survey’s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable.
The methodology for these Surveys differs significantly from the 1955 to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in meth­odology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods.Highlights
2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from inter­views with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2011 participa­tion and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older.
The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activi­ties in the State in 2011. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected in the Survey’s household screen phase, we can estimate that about 51 percent more anglers and 44 percent more hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years prior to the screen survey year 2010.
In addition to 2011 estimates, we also provide trend information in the High­lights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2011 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports because they used similar methodolo­gies. The 2011 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted prior to 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy.
The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey.
This report does not provide infor­mation about the State’s wildlife resources. That, and additional infor­mation on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s website is www.fishwildlife.org.
Additionally, this report does not provide information about the State’s number of licensed anglers and hunters. Historical license data can be found at wsfrprograms.fws.gov.
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Wildlife-related recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activi­ties. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-related recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photo­graphing, and feeding fish or wildlife.
Fishing and Hunting
This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters.
Sportspersons
Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2011 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups shown in the diagram below: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted.
The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice.
Anglers
Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing.
SportspersonsAnglersHuntersFished onlyFishedandhuntedHuntedonly
IntroductionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 3
Hunters
Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns, but also those who have no license and those who engage in hunting with archery equipment, muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms, or pistols or handguns.
Four types of hunting are reported:
(1) big game, (2) small game,
(3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters partici­pated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters.
Wildlife Watchers
Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlife-watching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the National Surveys since 1991 have collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife).
The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wild­life around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included.
Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residen­tial) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of partici­pants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. Only those engaged in activities whose primary purpose was wildlife watching are included in the Survey. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are defined below.
Away-From-Home
This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities.
Around-The-Home
This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to iden­tify birds or other wildlife; (2) photo­graphing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern;
(5) maintaining plantings (shrubs,
agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit
to wildlife is the primary concern; or
(6) visiting parks and natural areas within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife.4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing. .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants. .
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home. .
Average days of participation
away from home. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing. .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants. .
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home. .
Average days of participation
away from home. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Activities in Vermont by Residents and Nonresidents
Activities by Vermont Residents Both Inside and
Outside Vermont
2011 Vermont Summary
207,000
2,215,000
11
$131,317,000
$90,248,000
$41,069,000
$616
$41
90,000
1,584,000
18
$292,328,000
$39,469,000
$252,859,000
$3,165
$25
370,000
177,000
270,000
2,602,000
15
$288,507,000
$49,506,000
$239,002,000
$754
$19
105,000
1,854,000
18
$64,264,000
$37,750,000
$26,514,000
$613
$20
71,000
1,614,000
23
$301,144,000
$61,292,000
$239,852,000
$4,266
$38
273,000
85,000
270,000
2,092,000
25
$181,034,000
$24,749,000
$156,285,000
$663
$12U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 5
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Participation in Vermont
The 2011 Survey found that 512 thou­sand Vermont residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Vermont. Of the total number of participants, 207 thou­sand fished, 90 thousand hunted, and 370 thousand participated in wildlife-watching activities, which includes observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many of the individ­uals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity.
Participation in 2011 by 6- to 15-Year-Old Vermont Residents
The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2010. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old participants to participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2010 and 2011. Based on this assumption, in addi­tion to the 105 thousand resident anglers 16 years old or older in Vermont, there were 24 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 71 thou­sand Vermonters 16 years old and older and 4 thousand Vermonters 6 to 15 years old who hunted. Finally, there were 273 thousand Vermonters 16 years old and older and 35 thousand Vermonters 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Information on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B.
Expenditures in Vermont
In 2011, state residents and nonresidents spent $744 million on wildlife recreation in Vermont. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $179 million and equipment expenditures totaled $361 million. The remaining $204 million was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items.
Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Vermont: 2011
(U.S. residents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
.
Sportspersons
Total. .
Anglers. .
Hunters. .
.
Wildlife Watchers
Total. .
Away from home. .
Around the home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Tables 1 and 24.
Percent of Total Participantsby Activity(Total: 512 thousand participants)WildlifeWatchingHuntingFishing 40%18%72%Wildlife-RelatedRecreation Expenditures in Vermont(Total: $744 million)Trip-related 24%Equipment49%Other27%Percent of Total Residential Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Activity: 2010(Total: 49 thousand participants)WildlifeWatchingHuntingFishing 57%… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably....84%
512 thousand
254 thousand
207 thousand
90 thousand
370 thousand
177 thousand
270 thousand
6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Sportspersons
In 2011, 254 thousand state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Vermont. This group was comprised of 207 thousand anglers (82 percent of all sportspersons) and 90 thousand hunters (35 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 254 thousand sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 164 thou­sand (65 percent) fished but did not hunt in Vermont. Another 47 thousand (18 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 43 thousand (17 percent) fished and hunted in Vermont in 2011.
Sportspersons’ Participation in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
.
Anglers. .
Fished only. .
Fished and hunted. .
.
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hunted only. .
Hunted and fished. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 1.
254 thousand
207 thousand
164 thousand
43 thousand
90 thousand
47 thousand
43 thousandU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 7
Anglers
Participants and Days of Fishing
In 2011, 207 thousand state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Vermont. Of this total, 95 thousand anglers (46 percent) were state residents and 112 thousand anglers (54 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 2.2 million days in Vermont—an average of 11 days per angler. State residents fished 1.8 million days—79 percent of all fishing days in Vermont. Nonresidents fished 464 thou­sand days in Vermont—21 percent of all fishing days in the state.
A large majority of Vermont residents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 105 thousand Vermont residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2011 for a total of 1.9 million days. An estimated 90 percent of all Vermont residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by Vermont residents, 94 percent or 1.8 million were in their home state. For further details about fishing in Vermont, see Table 3.
Anglers in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Anglers. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of fishing. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Vermont anglers. .
In Vermont. .
In other states. .
.
Days of fishing. .
In Vermont. .
In other states. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
207 thousand
95 thousand
112 thousand
2.2 million
1.8 million
464 thousand
105 thousand
95 thousand
19 thousand
1.9 million
1.8 million
134 thousand8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing Expenditures in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Fishing. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 19.
Fishing Expenditures in Vermont
All fishing-related expenditures in Vermont totaled $131 million in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging, trans­portation, and other expenses totaled $90 million—69 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $41 million and transportation expenditures were $26 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $23 million. Each angler spent an average of $436 on trip-related costs during 2011.
Anglers spent $26 million on equip­ment in Vermont in 2011, 20 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, lines, etc.) spending totaled $15 million—59 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothing, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $11 million—41 percent of the equip­ment total. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $15 million—11 percent of all fishing expenditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Vermont, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23.
Fishing Expenditures in Vermont(Total: $131 million)Equipment 20%Trip-related69%Other11%
$131 million
$90 million
$26 million
$15 million
$11 million
$15 million
Percent of Anglers by Residence(Total: 207 thousand participants)NonresidentsResidents46%54%U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 9
Hunters
Participants and Days of Hunting
In 2011, there were 90 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Vermont. Resident hunters numbered 66 thou­sand, accounting for 74 percent of the hunters in Vermont. Residents and nonresidents hunted 1.6 million days in 2011, an average of 18 days per hunter. Residents hunted 1.4 million days in Vermont or 89 percent of all hunting days.
There were 71 thousand Vermont residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2011 for a total of 1.6 million days. An estimated 94 percent of all Vermont residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Vermont residents, 87 percent or 1.4 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. For further information on hunting activi­ties by Vermont residents, see Table 3.
Hunters in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of hunting. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Source: Table 3.
90 thousand
66 thousand
…
1.6 million
1.4 million
…
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Vermont hunters. . .
In Vermont. .
In other states. .
.
Days of hunting. .
In Vermont. .
In other states. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
71 thousand
66 thousand
12 thousand
1.6 million
1.4 million
215 thousand10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Hunting Expenditures in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Hunting. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 20.
Hunting Expenditures in Vermont
All hunting-related expenditures in Vermont totaled $292 million in 2011. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transportation, and other trip expenses, totaled $39 million—14 percent of total expenditures. Expen­ditures for food and lodging were $14 million and transportation expendi­tures were $22 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $3 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $436.
Hunters spent $190 million on equip­ment—65 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $130 million and made up 68 percent of
all equipment costs. Hunters spent $61 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 32 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing, and ownership, cost hunters $62 million—21 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Vermont, see Tables 20 through 23.
Hunting Expenditures inVermont(Total: $292 million)Equipment 65%Trip-related14%Other21%Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting All huntingBig game Small gameMigratory birdsOther animals$436$354$293$405...$29$58...$25$21Trip expenditures per hunter:Trip expenditures per day:... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
$292 million
$39 million
$190 million
$130 million
$61 million
$62 millionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 11
Participants and Days of Activity
In 2011, 370 thousand U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Vermont. Most of them, 73 percent (270 thou­sand), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People participating in away-from-home activities in Vermont in 2011 numbered 177 thousand—48 percent of all wildlife watchers in Vermont. Of the 177 thousand, 80 thousand were state residents and 97 thousand were nonresidents.
Vermonters 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife watching within their state totaled 80 thousand. Of this group, 78 thousand participants observed wildlife and 45 thousand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one of the away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number away-from-home participants.
Vermonters spent 1.9 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. They spent 1.2 million days observing and 259 thousand days photographing wildlife. For further details about away-from-home activities, see Table 25.
Vermont residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2011, 270 thousand state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within one mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 199 thousand fed, 204 thousand observed, and 118 thousand photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 60 thousand participants maintained natural areas of one-quarter acre or more for wildlife; 44 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife; and 50 thousand participants visited parks or natural areas within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an estimate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 30 percent of Vermonter around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Vermont residents partici­pating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27.
Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 25.
177 thousand
171 thousand
105 thousand
...
2.6 million
1.9 million
465 thousand
...
Wildlife Watchers
Wildlife-Watching Participants in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 24.
Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Vermont
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Maintain natural areas. .
Maintain plantings. .
Visit parks and natural areas. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 27.
370 thousand
270 thousand
177 thousand
270 thousand
199 thousand
204 thousand
118 thousand
60 thousand
44 thousand
50 thousand12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Wild Bird Observers in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
.
Days, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 29.
Wild Bird Observers
Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Vermont. In 2011, 292 thousand people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A majority, 63 percent (184 thousand), observed wild birds around the home while 56 percent (165 thousand) took trips away from home to watch birds.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Vermont
Wildlife watchers spent $289 million on wildlife-watching activities in Vermont in 2011. Trip-related expendi­tures, including food and lodging ($20 million), transportation ($26 million), and other trip expenses ($3 million), such as equipment rental, amounted to $50 million. This summation comprised 17 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants.
The average of the trip-related expendi­tures for away-from-home participants was $278 per person in 2011.
Wildlife-watching participants spent nearly $113 million on equipment—39 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equip­ment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $38 million, 33 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $76 million—67 percent of all equip­ment costs. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but could be used in activities other than wildlife watching.
Other items purchased by wildlife-watching participants, such as maga­zines, membership dues and contribu­tions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $126 million—44 percent of all wildlife-watching expen­ditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Vermont, see Table 31.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Vermont(Total: $289 million)Equipment 39%Trip-related17%Other44%Away-From-Home Activity by Around-The-Home Participants(Total: 270 thousand participants)Both aroundthe homeand awayfrom homeAround thehome only70%30%
292 thousand
184 thousand
165 thousand
22.4 million
20.2 million
2.3 million
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Vermont
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Wildlife watching. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 31.
$289 million
$50 million
$113 million
$38 million
$76 million
$126 millionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 13
Comparing the estimates from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildlife-related recreation in the early twenty-first century in Vermont. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here.
The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the esti­mates. A 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of the two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different.
The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Vermont residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state esti­mates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity if U.S. residents in Vermont.
The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all estimates are in 2011 dollars.
2001–2011 Comparison
Vermont 2001 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2001 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Hunting
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . .. .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. .
Observers. .
Feeders. .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
171
207
NS21
2,321
2,215
NS–5
$117,532
$131,317
NS12
104
105
NS1
$91,863
$64,264
NS–30
100
90
NS–10
1,510
1,584
NS5
$66,843
$292,328
NS337
75
71
NS–5
$68,339
$301,144
NS341
307
177
NS–42
3,717
2,602
NS–30
109
85
NS–22
280
270
NS–4
207
204
NS–1
243
199
–18
$258,743
$288,507
NS12
$139,305
$181,034
NS3014 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Vermont: 2001–2011(In thousands)1711141007320790Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Vermont: 2001–2011(In thousands)Around the homeAway from home201120062001201120062001280307274265270177Total Expenditures by Participants in Vermont (In millions of 2011 dollars)AnglersHuntersWildlife Watchers2011200620011186725971212137131292289AnglersHunters
Vermont 2006 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2006 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Hunting
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . .. .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. .
Observers. .
Feeders. .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
114
207
NS82
1,665
2,215
NS33
$71,129
$131,317
NS85
71
105
48
$65,978
$64,264
NS–3
73
90
NS23
1,111
1,584
NS43
$211,669
$292,328
NS38
57
71
NS25
$77,054
$301,144
NS291
265
177
NS–33
2,459
2,602
NS6
82
85
NS4
274
270
NS–1
193
204
NS 6
215
199
NS–7
$137,062
$288,507
NS110
$102,287
$181,034
77Tables
16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Guide to Statistical Tables
Purpose and Coverage of Tables
The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A.
The tables are based on responses to the 2011 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wi­ldlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter­viewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include partici­pation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States.
Comparability With Previous Surveys
The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2011 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided.
Coverage of an Individual Table
Since the Survey covers many activi­ties in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi­cates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species.
Percentages Reported in the Tables
Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories.
Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game.
When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total popu­lation who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages.
Footnotes to the Tables
Footnotes are used to clarify the infor­mation or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear:
* Estimate based on a sample size
of 10–29.
... Sample size too small to report
data reliably.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
X Not applicable.
NA Not available.
Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently:
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and no­nresponse.
“Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 5 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and fresh­water appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all fishing” row. Simi­larly, in Table 12, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist.
“Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered volun­tarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 17
Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Vermont by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of sportspersons
Number
Percent of
resident
sportspersons
Number
Percent of
nonresident sportspersons
Total sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
254
100
123
100
131
100
Total anglers. .
207
82
95
77
112
86
Fished only. .
164
65
56
46
*107
*82
Fished and hunted. . .
43
17
38
31
...
...
Total hunters. .
90
35
66
54
...
...
Hunted only. .
47
18
28
23
...
...
Hunted and fished. . .
43
17
38
31
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Vermont by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
207
100
2,215
100
1,871
100
Total, all freshwater. .
207
100
2,215
100
1,871
100
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
207
100
2,215
100
1,871
100
Great Lakes. .
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Saltwater. .
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
90
100
1,584
100
1,457
100
Big game. .
84
93
1,406
89
1,130
78
Small game. .
*22
*24
*225
*14
*193
*13
Migratory birds. .
*5
*6
*35
*2
*42
*3
Other animals. .
*18
*20
*92
*6
*92
*6
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and hunters, trips and
days of participation
Activity in Vermont
Activity by Vermont residents in United States
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Total, in state of residence and in other states
In state of
residence
In other states
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total anglers. .
207
100
95
46
112
54
105
100
95
90
*19
*19
Total trips. .
1,871
100
1,613
86
257
14
1,703
100
1,613
95
*90
*5
Total days of fishing. .
2,215
100
1,751
79
464
21
1,854
100
1,751
94
*134
*7
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
(X)
19
(X)
4
(X)
18
(X)
19
(X)
*7
(X)
HUNTING
Total hunters. .
90
100
66
74
...
...
71
100
66
94
*12
*18
Total trips. .
1,457
100
1,381
95
...
...
1,465
100
1,381
94
*84
*6
Total days of hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,584
100
1,403
89
...
...
1,614
100
1,403
87
*215
*13
Average days of hunting. .
18
(X)
21
(X)
...
(X)
23
(X)
21
(X)
*17
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 4. Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Place fished or hunted
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all places. .
105
100
71
100
In-state only. .
85
81
58
82
In-state and other states. .
*9
*9
*8
*11
In other states only. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 5. Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
105
100
1,854
100
1,703
100
Total, all freshwater. .
97
92
1,808
98
1,664
98
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
97
92
1,808
98
1,664
98
Great Lakes. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Saltwater. .
*13
*12
*65
*4
*39
*2
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
71
100
1,614
100
1,465
100
Big game. .
65
92
1,443
89
1,109
76
Small game. .
*25
*36
*329
*20
*208
*14
Migratory birds. .
*7
*10
*35
*2
*42
*3
Other animals. .
*19
*26
*194
*12
*106
*7
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 19
Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Vermont
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total anglers. .
207
100
95
46
112
54
Total trips. .
1,871
100
1,613
86
257
14
Total days of fishing. .
2,215
100
1,751
79
464
21
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
(X)
19
(X)
4
(X)
ANGLERS
Total, all types of water. .
207
100
95
46
112
54
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
186
100
83
45
*103
*55
Rivers or streams. .
.. 59
100
44
75
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of water. .
2,215
100
1,751
79
464
21
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
1,852
100
1,495
81
*357
*19
Rivers or streams. .
.. 401
100
290
72
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Vermont by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Vermont
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total types
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish. .
207
100
100
95
46
112
54
Crappie. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
28
100
35
60
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
*41
*20
*100
*10
*24
...
...
Black bass. .
69
33
100
33
48
*36
*52
Catfish, bullheads. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
*30
*15
*100
*24
*80
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trout. .
69
33
100
45
65
*24
*35
Salmon. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*74
*36
*100
*19
*26
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish. .
2,215
100
100
1,751
79
464
21
Crappie. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
802
36
100
756
94
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
*190
*9
*100
*44
*23
...
...
Black bass. .
699
32
100
462
66
*237
*34
Catfish, bullheads. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
*419
*19
*100
*397
*95
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trout. .
643
29
100
537
83
*106
*17
Salmon. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*476
*21
*100
*356
*75
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Vermont: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Vermont by Type of Fish: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 21
Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Vermont: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Vermont by Type of Fish: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Vermont by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters, trips, and days of hunting
Activity in Vermont
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all hunting. .
90
100
66
74
...
...
Big game. .
84
100
61
73
...
...
Small game. .
*22
*100
*22
*100
...
...
Migratory birds. .
*5
*100
*5
*100
...
...
Other animals. .
*18
*100
*17
*94
...
...
TRIPS
Total, all hunting. .
1,457
100
1,381
95
...
...
Big game. .
1,130
100
1,060
94
...
...
Small game. .
*193
*100
*193
*100
...
...
Migratory birds. .
*42
*100
*42
*100
...
...
Other animals. .
*92
*100
*86
*93
...
...
DAYS
Total, all hunting. .
1,584
100
1,403
89
...
...
Big game. .
1,406
100
1,232
88
...
...
Small game. .
*225
*100
*225
*100
...
...
Migratory birds. .
*35
*100
*35
*100
...
...
Other animals. .
*92
*100
*86
*93
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Vermont by Type of Game: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of game
Hunters, state residents and nonresidents
Days of hunting
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all types of game. .
90
100
1,584
100
Big game, total. .
84
93
1,406
89
Deer. .
83
92
1,157
73
Elk. .
...
...
...
...
Bear. .
*11
*12
*87
*6
W
ild turkey. .
33
37
327
21
Other big game. .
...
...
...
...
Small game, total. .
*22
*24
*225
*14
Rabbit, hare. .
*8
*9
*106
*7
Quail. .
...
...
...
...
Grouse/prairie chicken. .
...
...
...
...
Squirrel. .
...
...
...
...
Pheasant. .
...
...
...
...
Other small game. .
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds, total. .
*5
*6
*35
*2
W
aterfowl. .
...
...
...
...
Geese. .
...
...
...
...
Ducks. .
...
...
...
...
Doves. .
...
...
...
...
Other migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
Other animals, total1. .
*18
*20
*92
*6
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 23
Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Vermont by Type of Land: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters and days of hunting
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all types of land. .
90
100
66
100
...
...
Public land, total. .
*35
*39
*29
*44
...
...
Public land only. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Public and private land. .
*25
*28
*22
*33
...
...
Private land, total. .
77
86
56
85
...
...
Private land only. .
52
58
34
52
...
...
Private and public land. .
*25
*28
*22
*33
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of land. .
1,584
100
1,403
100
...
...
Public land1. .
*491
*31
*442
*32
...
...
Private land2. .
1,156
73
1,016
72
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land.
2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Sportspersons
(fished or hunted)
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
of
sports-
persons
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of anglers
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of
hunters
Total persons. .
512
100
134
26
100
105
20
100
71
14
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
192
38
*39
*20
*29
*37
*19
*35
*11
*6
*16
Rural. .
319
62
96
30
71
68
21
65
59
19
84
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
373
73
94
25
70
76
20
73
50
13
71
1,000,000 or more. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
250,000 to 999,999. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
50,000 to 249,999. .
373
73
94
25
70
76
20
73
50
13
71
Outside MSA. .
139
27
41
29
30
29
21
27
*20
*15
*29
Sex
Male. .
248
48
92
37
69
65
26
62
63
25
89
Female. .
264
52
42
16
31
40
15
38
...
...
...
Age
16 to 17 years. .
*10
*2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
67
13
*20
*29
*15
*14
*21
*14
...
...
...
25 to 34 years. .
59
12
*22
*37
*16
*18
*31
*17
*11
*18
*15
35 to 44 years. .
74
14
*21
*28
*16
*16
*22
*15
*11
*15
*16
45 to 54 years. .
117
23
*27
*23
*20
*18
*16
*17
*13
*11
*18
55 to 64 years. .
95
19
27
28
20
*22
*23
*21
*15
*16
*22
65 years and older. .
90
18
*17
*19
*12
*15
*16
*14
...
...
...
65 to 74 years. .
57
11
*10
*18
*8
*9
*16
*9
...
...
...
75 and older. .
33
6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
507
99
133
26
99
104
20
99
70
14
99
Race
White. .
496
97
130
26
97
103
21
98
67
13
95
African American. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
*14
*3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
44
9
*9
*19
*6
*8
*18
*8
...
...
...
$20,000 to $29,999. .
60
12
*10
*17
*7
...
...
...
...
...
...
$30,000 to $39,999. .
38
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$40,000 to $49,999. .
62
12
*17
*28
*13
...
...
...
*13
*21
*19
$50,000 to $74,999. .
79
15
23
29
17
*15
*19
*15
*15
*19
*21
$75,000 to $99,999. .
67
13
*23
*35
*17
*19
*28
*18
*16
*24
*23
$100,000 to $149,999. .
54
11
*15
*28
*11
*12
*23
*12
*8
*14
*11
$150,000 or more. .
25
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Not reported. .
83
16
*14
*17
*10
*12
*14
*11
...
...
...
Education
11 years or less. .
42
8
*14
*34
*10
*12
*29
*12
...
...
...
12 years. .
174
34
52
30
39
41
23
39
25
14
35
1 to 3 years of college. .
111
22
*33
*30
*25
*25
*23
*24
*18
*16
*25
4 years or more of college. .
184
36
35
19
26
27
15
26
*19
*11
*27
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 25
Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
455,533
292
1,559
1,762
Food and lodging. .
54,780
204
269
216
Transportation. .
48,097
221
217
189
Other trip costs2. .
26,840
162
166
106
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
145,228
117
1,243
558
Auxiliary equipment3. .
16,248
52
313
46
Special equipment4. .
*86,065
*38
*2,283
*339
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*1,320
*17
*80
*5
Membership dues and contributions. .
*1,639
*15
*107
*6
Other5. .
75,315
170
444
297
FISHING
Total. .
131,317
224
587
616
Food and lodging. .
40,684
168
242
197
Transportation. .
26,215
182
144
127
Other trip costs2. .
23,350
157
149
113
Fishing equipment. .
15,437
78
198
72
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*819
*10
*82
*4
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
...
...
...
...
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
14,985
104
144
72
HUNTING
Total. .
292,328
113
2,597
3,165
Food and lodging. .
14,096
69
205
157
Transportation. .
21,883
72
302
241
Other trip costs2. .
*3,490
*12
*296
*39
Hunting equipment. .
129,785
66
1,961
1,408
Auxiliary equipment3. .
13,467
37
367
104
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*1,237
*11
*108
*14
Membership dues and contributions. .
*859
*9
*96
*9
Other5. .
60,330
72
842
670
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
*30,196
*15
*1,951
*118
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair
of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
angler (dollars)1
ALL FISHING
Total. .
116,255
218
534
544
Food and lodging. .
40,684
168
242
197
Transportation. .
26,215
182
144
127
Other trip costs. .
23,350
157
149
113
Equipment. .
26,007
84
308
108
ALL FRESHWATER
Total. .
115,543
217
533
541
Food and lodging. .
40,684
168
242
197
Transportation. .
25,780
182
142
125
Other trip costs. .
23,350
157
149
113
Equipment. .
25,729
84
307
107
FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES
Total. .
115,543
217
533
541
Food and lodging. .
40,684
168
242
197
Transportation. .
25,780
182
142
125
Other trip costs. .
23,350
157
149
113
Equipment. .
25,729
84
307
107
GREAT LAKES
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
SALTWATER
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 27
Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per
type of hunter
(dollars)1
ALL HUNTING
Total. .
229,902
110
2,086
2,473
Food and lodging. .
14,096
69
205
157
Transportation. .
21,883
72
302
241
Other trip costs. .
*3,490
*12
*296
*39
Equipment. .
190,433
86
2,210
2,036
BIG GAME
Total. .
170,234
100
1,707
1,842
Food and lodging. .
11,421
65
176
127
Transportation. .
16,842
65
259
187
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
140,468
71
1,988
1,512
SMALL GAME
Total. .
*22,061
*22
*1,024
*710
Food and lodging. .
*2,186
*9
*235
*70
Transportation. .
*3,806
*17
*226
*123
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
*15,616
*11
*1,477
*503
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Total. .
*17,266
*6
*2,904
*761
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
OTHER ANIMALS
Total. .
*1,257
*11
*118
*60
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 19. Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average
per angler
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of anglers
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
131,317
616
224
108
587
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
90,248
436
202
98
447
Food and lodging, total. .
40,684
197
168
81
242
Food. .
19,444
94
144
70
135
Lodging. .
*21,240
*103
*42
*20
*504
Transportation. .
26,215
127
182
88
144
Other trip costs, total. .
23,350
113
157
76
149
Privilege and other fees2. .
*5,538
*27
*40
*19
*138
Boating costs3. .
7,166
35
27
13
263
Bait. .
5,596
27
114
55
49
Ice. .
*1,869
*9
*53
*25
*36
Heating and cooking fuel. .
*3,180
*15
*21
*10
*154
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR FISHING
Fishing equipment, total. .
15,437
72
78
38
198
Reels, rods, and rod-making components. .
4,787
21
31
15
156
Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.. .
2,638
12
59
28
45
Artificial lures and flies. .
3,073
15
43
21
71
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks. .
...
...
...
...
...
Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other fishing equipment4. .
*4,524
*22
*33
*16
*136
Auxiliary equipment5. .
*819
*4
*10
*5
*82
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other fishing costs7. .
15,062
72
107
52
141
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use.
3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment,
processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 29
Table 20. Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount (thousands
of dollars)
Average
per hunter
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of hunters
Average per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
292,328
3,165
113
125
2,597
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
39,469
436
80
89
494
Food and lodging, total. .
14,096
157
69
76
205
Food. .
12,669
141
69
76
184
Lodging. .
...
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
21,883
241
72
80
302
Other trip costs, total. .
*3,490
*39
*12
*13
*296
Privilege and other fees2. .
...
...
...
...
...
Boating costs3. .
...
...
...
...
...
Heating and cooking fuel. .
...
...
...
...
...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING
Hunting equipment, total. .
129,785
1,408
66
73
1,961
Firearms. .
*81,784
*894
*23
*26
*3,527
Ammunition. .
8,953
99
50
55
180
Other hunting equipment4. .
39,047
414
38
43
1,019
Auxiliary equipment5. .
13,467
104
37
41
367
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other hunting costs7. .
62,426
693
73
81
852
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment.
3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery
equipment, and other hunting equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of
equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included.30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Vermont for Fishing and Hunting by Vermont Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per sportsperson
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
377,258
284
1,329
4,189
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
116,261
218
533
544
Food and lodging. .
40,684
168
242
197
Transportation. .
26,215
182
144
127
Boating costs2. .
7,166
27
263
35
Other trip costs3. .
16,184
152
106
78
Equipment. .
26,013
85
306
108
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
231,293
112
2,062
2,473
Food and lodging. .
14,096
69
205
157
Transportation. .
21,883
72
302
241
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*1,989
*10
*198
*22
Equipment. .
191,824
88
2,175
2,036
Unspecified equipment4. .
*29,703
*13
*2,280
*330
STATE RESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
274,066
118
2,316
4,135
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
53,237
91
584
562
Food and lodging. .
8,964
82
109
95
Transportation. .
13,334
78
170
141
Boating costs2. .
*4,668
*18
*259
*49
Other trip costs3. .
6,112
54
114
65
Equipment. .
20,159
62
328
213
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
191,367
65
2,935
2,799
Food and lodging. .
7,793
46
169
118
Transportation. .
18,149
50
366
271
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
162,567
57
2,851
2,367
Unspecified equipment4. .
*29,462
*10
*3,096
*445
NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
103,192
166
623
4,337
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
63,024
127
496
528
Food and lodging. .
*31,720
*86
*371
*282
Transportation. .
*12,880
*103
*125
*115
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*10,071
*99
*102
*90
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
*39,926
*47
*850
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
Unspecified equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil.
4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 31
Table 22. Summary of Vermont Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Vermont: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
417,440
134
3,121
3,106
Food and lodging. .
25,102
110
228
187
Transportation. .
46,199
107
432
344
Other trip costs2. .
27,740
71
393
206
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
157,014
97
1,614
1,168
Auxiliary equipment3. .
16,627
44
379
124
Special equipment4. .
*77,198
*12
*6,258
*574
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*1,628
*20
*81
*12
Membership dues and contributions. .
2,042
22
92
15
Other5. .
63,890
95
673
475
FISHING
Total. .
64,264
103
625
613
Food and lodging. .
10,089
92
110
96
Transportation. .
16,272
83
197
155
Other trip costs2. .
11,389
62
183
109
Fishing equipment. .
14,647
67
219
140
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*713
*9
*77
*7
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
...
...
...
...
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
4,424
43
102
42
HUNTING
Total. .
301,144
69
4,336
4,266
Food and lodging. .
15,013
51
293
213
Transportation. .
29,927
55
539
424
Other trip costs2. .
*16,352
*14
*1,189
*232
Hunting equipment. .
142,302
59
2,392
2,016
Auxiliary equipment3. .
13,941
30
459
197
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*1,514
*14
*108
*21
Membership dues and contributions. .
*961
*11
*85
*14
Other5. .
59,466
57
1,051
842
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
*50,281
*21
*2,359
*374
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and
repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)1
IN VERMONT
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
331,801
123
2,688
1,307
Trip-related expenditures. .
61,879
114
543
244
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
140,801
85
1,648
555
Auxiliary equipment2. .
13,891
37
377
55
Special equipment3. .
*57,495
*12
*4,832
*227
Other4. .
57,735
91
632
227
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
57,608
94
615
278
Trip-related expenditures. .
33,079
90
368
160
Fishing equipment. .
12,890
59
220
62
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
4,377
41
106
21
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
242,546
66
3,697
2,693
Trip-related expenditures. .
28,800
57
504
320
Hunting equipment. .
127,904
54
2,371
1,420
Auxiliary equipment2. .
11,602
24
474
129
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
52,571
54
968
584
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
*29,955
*12
*2,504
*118
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
111,889
106
1,060
441
Trip-related expenditures. .
63,413
26
2,465
250
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
16,213
97
167
64
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*2,736
*44
*62
*11
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
9,824
40
246
39
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
*11,004
*72
*152
*53
Trip-related expenditures. .
*9,019
*17
*534
*44
Fishing equipment. .
*1,757
*67
*26
*8
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
...
...
...
...
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
80,719
63
1,278
896
Trip-related expenditures. .
*54,394
*11
*4,908
*604
Hunting equipment. .
*14,397
*59
*242
*160
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*2,557
*31
*82
*28
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
*9,371
*25
*377
*104
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
*20,326
*21
*954
*80
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders,
maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes,
house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and
plantings.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 33
Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
370
100
Away from home. .
177
48
Observe wildlife. .
171
46
Photograph wildlife. .
105
28
Feed wildlife. .
...
...
Around the home. .
270
73
Observe wildlife. .
204
55
Photograph wildlife. .
118
32
Feed wildlife. .
199
54
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
*50
*14
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
75
20
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
Vermont: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants, trips, and days of participation
Activity in Vermont
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
PARTICIPANTS
Total participants. .
177
100
80
100
*97
*100
Observe wildlife. .
171
97
78
98
*93
*96
Photograph wildlife. .
105
59
45
56
*60
*62
Feed wildlife. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
TRIPS
Total Trips. .
2,265
100
1,704
100
*561
*100
Average days per trip. .
1
(X)
1
(X)
*1
(X)
DAYS
Total days. .
2,602
100
1,908
100
*693
*100
Observing wildlife. .
1,863
72
1,215
64
*648
*93
Photographing wildlife. .
465
18
*259
*14
*206
*30
Feeding wildlife. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Average days per participant. .
15
(X)
24
(X)
*7
(X)
Observing wildlife. .
11
(X)
16
(X)
*7
(X)
Photographing wildlife. .
4
(X)
*6
(X)
*3
(X)
Feeding wildlife. .
...
(X)
...
(X)
...
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Vermont: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total all wildlife. .
177
100
80
45
*97
*55
Total birds. .
171
100
77
45
*94
*55
Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). .
136
100
52
38
*84
*62
Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.). .
130
100
59
45
*71
*55
Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124
100
53
43
*71
*57
Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.). .
84
100
*43
*52
*41
*48
Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.). .
91
100
48
53
...
...
Total land mammals. .
128
100
54
42
*74
*58
Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.). .
104
100
*44
*43
*59
*57
Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.). .
109
100
*41
*37
*68
*63
Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.). .
.. *54
*100
...
...
*46
*85
Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.). .
95
100
*30
*31
*65
*69
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Vermont: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Around the home
Participants
Number
Percent
Total around-the-home participants. .
270
100
Observe wildlife. .
204
75
Visit parks and natural areas1. .
*50
*19
Photograph wildlife. .
118
44
Feed wildlife. .
199
73
Maintain natural areas. .
60
22
Maintain plantings. .
44
16
Participants Observing Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
204
100
Birds. .
184
90
Land mammals. .
187
92
Large mammals. .
127
62
Small mammals. .
162
80
Amphibians or reptiles. .
84
41
Insects or spiders. .
79
39
Fish and other wildlife. .
*45
*22
Total, 1 day or more. .
204
100
1 to 10 days. .
*38
*19
1
1 to 50 days. .
57
28
51 to 200 days. .
64
31
201 days or more. .
45
22
Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas1
Total, 1 day or more. .
*50
*100
1 to 5 days. .
*27
*54
6 to 10 days. .
...
...
1
1 days or more. .
*20
*39
Participants Photographing Wildlife
Total, 1 day or more. .
118
100
1 to 3 days. .
*36
*31
4 to 10 days. .
49
41
1
1 or more days. .
33
28
Participants Feeding Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
199
100
W
ild birds. .
194
98
Other wildlife. .
65
33
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 35
Table 28. Vermont Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent of participants
Percent of population
Total participants. .
273
100
53
Away from home. .
85
31
17
Around the home. .
270
99
53
Observe wildlife. .
204
75
40
Photograph wildlife. .
118
43
23
Feed wild birds or other wildlife. .
199
73
39
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
75
27
15
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
*50
*18
*10
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of
population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.
Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Observers and days of observation
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
OBSERVERS
Total bird observers. .
292
100
202
100
*90
*100
Around-the-home observers. .
184
63
184
91
(X)
(X)
Away-from-home observers. .
165
56
75
37
*90
*100
DAYS
Total days observing birds. . .. .
22,418
100
21,755
100
*663
*100
Around the home. .
20,157
90
20,157
93
(X)
(X)
Away from home. .
2,261
10
1,598
7
*663
*100
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Vermont Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Participants
Total
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Total persons. .
512
100
273
53
100
85
17
100
270
53
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
192
38
62
32
23
*15
*8
*18
61
32
23
Rural. .
319
62
211
66
77
70
22
82
209
65
77
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
373
73
177
47
65
46
12
54
176
47
65
1,000,000 or more. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
250,000 to 999,999. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
50,000 to 249,999. .
373
73
177
47
65
46
12
54
176
47
65
Outside MSA. .
139
27
96
69
35
*39
*28
*46
94
68
35
Sex
Male. .
248
48
138
56
51
42
17
50
135
55
50
Female. .
264
52
135
51
49
*43
*16
*50
135
51
50
Age
16 to 17 years. .
*10
*2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
67
13
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
25 to 34 years. .
59
12
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
35 to 44 years. .
74
14
*41
*55
*15
...
...
...
*41
*55
*15
45 to 54 years. .
117
23
64
55
23
*26
*22
*31
63
54
23
55 to 64 years. .
95
19
70
74
26
*21
*22
*25
70
74
26
65 years and older. .
90
18
74
81
27
*12
*13
*14
72
79
26
65 to 74 years. .
57
11
58
101
21
*12
*20
*14
56
97
21
75 and older. .
33
6
*16
*47
*6
...
...
...
*16
*47
*6
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
507
99
270
53
99
85
17
100
268
53
99
Race
White. .
496
97
260
52
95
80
16
94
257
52
95
African American. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
*14
*3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
44
9
*14
*32
*5
...
...
...
*14
*32
*5
$20,000 to $29,999. .
60
12
*13
*21
*5
...
...
...
*11
*18
*4
$30,000 to $39,999. .
38
7
*17
*44
*6
...
...
...
*17
*44
*6
$40,000 to $49,999. .
62
12
*34
*54
*12
...
...
...
*34
*54
*12
$50,000 to $74,999. .
79
15
57
72
21
...
...
...
57
72
21
$75,000 to $99,999. .
67
13
58
87
21
*18
*27
*21
58
86
21
$100,000 to $149,999. .
54
11
*23
*42
*8
...
...
...
*23
*42
*8
$150,000 or more. .
25
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Not reported. .
83
16
*46
*55
*17
...
...
...
*46
*55
*17
Education
11 years or less. .
42
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
12 years. .
174
34
81
47
30
*30
*17
*35
81
46
30
1 to 3 years of college. .
111
22
71
64
26
*18
*16
*21
69
62
25
4 years or more of college .
184
36
107
58
39
*32
*17
*37
107
58
39
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 37
Table 31. Expenditures in Vermont by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of wildlife-watching participants2
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
288,507
754
358
97
807
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
49,506
278
149
84
332
Food and lodging. .
19,845
112
115
65
173
Food. .
15,159
86
114
65
133
Lodging. .
*4,686
*26
*28
*16
*169
Transportation. .
26,257
147
138
78
190
Other trip costs3. .
*3,403
*19
*55
*31
*62
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
239,002
621
271
73
882
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
37,509
92
229
62
164
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
*3,059
*8
*22
*6
*140
Film and photo processing. .
*1,879
*5
*22
*6
*84
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic
equipment, including memory cards. .
*6,437
*17
*33
*9
*196
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
*2,056
*5
*22
*6
*92
Bird food. .
16,864
46
166
45
102
Food for other wildlife. .
*1,518
*4
*22
*6
*69
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
5,445
6
93
25
58
Other equipment (including field guides). .
*251
*1
*18
*5
*14
Auxiliary equipment4. .
*4,457
*7
*32
*9
*140
Special equipment5. .
*71,451
*193
*17
*5
*4,131
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*1,209
*3
*37
*10
*33
Membership dues and contributions. .
4,730
12
44
12
107
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
7,617
21
44
12
171
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Vermont for Wildlife Watching by Vermont Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
162,922
339
481
425
Food and lodging. .
19,845
115
173
112
Transportation. .
26,257
138
190
147
Other trip costs2. .
*3,403
*55
*62
*19
Equipment3. .
113,416
243
466
292
STATE RESIDENTS
Total. .
92,575
212
436
338
Food and lodging. .
3,845
44
87
48
Transportation. .
10,484
53
197
127
Other trip costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment3. .
77,228
197
392
283
NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
70,347
126
557
*671
Food and lodging. .
*16,000
*71
*227
*165
Transportation. .
*15,773
*85
*186
*163
Other trip costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment3. .
*36,189
*47
*777
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 39
Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Vermont by Vermont Residents: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per
participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
wildlife-watching participants2
Average per spender (dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
181,034
663
240
88
753
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
24,749
292
65
76
382
Food and lodging. .
10,603
125
49
58
215
Food. .
6,895
81
49
57
142
Lodging. .
*3,709
*44
*13
*15
*290
Transportation. .
12,765
151
57
67
225
Other trip costs3. .
*1,380
*16
*22
*26
*64
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
156,285
572
227
83
688
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
42,168
154
213
78
198
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
*7,706
*28
*31
*11
*253
Film and photo processing. .
*1,933
*7
*26
*9
*75
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other
photographic equipment, including memory cards. .
8,029
29
45
17
177
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
*2,457
*9
*20
*7
*122
Bird food. .
17,441
64
174
64
100
Food for other wildlife. .
*1,809
*7
*30
*11
*61
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
2,454
9
71
26
34
Other equipment. .
*339
*1
*21
*8
*16
Auxiliary equipment4. .
*2,699
*10
*22
*8
*123
Special equipment5. .
*78,380
*287
*19
*7
*4,136
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*1,714
*6
*42
*15
*41
Membership dues and contributions. .
5,183
19
52
19
100
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
7,617
28
44
16
171
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure Item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
IN VERMONT
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124,155
224
555
455
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. 15,347
61
251
191
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
33,747
193
175
124
Auxiliary equipment5. .
*1,719
*22
*79
*6
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
31,579
90
350
116
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55,822
81
688
*450
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. *9,401
*25
*379
*379
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
7,979
44
180
...
Auxiliary equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both
away-from-home and around-the-home participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and
packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment.
5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 35. Participation of Vermont Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Total wildlife watchers
Wildife-watching activity
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
273
100
85
100
270
100
Wildlife-watching participants who:
Did not fish or hunt. .
181
66
44
51
181
67
Fished or hunted. .
92
34
41
49
89
33
Fished. .
72
26
*37
*43
71
26
Hunted. .
51
19
*22
*26
50
18
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 41
Table 36. Participation of Vermont Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Sportspersons
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total sportspersons. .
134
100
105
100
71
100
Sportspersons who:
Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities. .
43
32
33
31
*19
*27
Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. .
92
68
72
69
51
73
A
way from home. .
41
31
*37
*35
*22
*32
Around the home. .
89
67
71
67
50
71
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
State reports for previous Surveys included tables that had estimates for all fifty states. In order to expedite release of the 2011 Vermont State report, state
estimates have been deleted. To find state estimates other than Vermont, go to http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/reports2011.html.
State reports are being released alphabetically, beginning in early 2013.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 43
Appendix A
44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Annual household income—Total 2011 income of household members before taxes and other deductions.
Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and natural areas to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife.
Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlife-watching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. For both sportspersons and wildlife watchers, it also includes electronic auxiliary equipment such as Global Positioning Systems.
Away-from-home wildlife watching—Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not included.
Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted.
Census Divisions
East North Central
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
East South Central
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Mountain
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
New England
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Pacific
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
South Atlantic
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
West Virginia
West North Central
Kansas
Iowa
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Day—Any part of a day spent partici­pating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the after­noon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting.
Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college.
Expenditures—Money spent in 2011 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books, magazines, and DVDs; membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning; hunting and fishing licenses; and plant­ings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by partici­pants for themselves and the value of gifts they received.
Appendix A.
DefinitionsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 45
Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing.
Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing:
Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components
Lines and leaders
Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines
Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits
Tackle boxes
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks
Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers
Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices
Ice fishing equipment
Other fishing equipment
Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams.
Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon.
Home—The starting point of a wild­life-related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin.
Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with fire­arms or archery equipment.
Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting:
Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns
Archery equipment
Telescopic sights
Decoys and game calls
Ammunition
Hand loading equipment
Hunting dogs and associated costs
Other hunting equipment
Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it.
Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environ­ment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)—A Metropolitan Statis­tical Area is a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. The “Outside MSA” classification include census-defined Micropolitan Statistical Areas (or Micro areas). A Micro area is defined as a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhab­itants. Refer to <www.census.gov
/population/metro/about/>, for a more detailed definition of the Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted.
Multiple responses—The term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, for example, total participants is the sum of male and female partici­pants, because “male” and “female” are mutually exclusive categories.
Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California.
Nonresponse—A term used to reflect the fact that some Survey respondents provide incomplete sets of informa­tion. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Total hunting expen­diture estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts.
Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fish or other wildlife.
Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, alligators, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classified as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classified as unprotected or preda­tory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classified as “other animals” in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game.
Participants—Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or a wildlife-watching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, fished, or wildlife watched in 2011 to be considered a participant.
Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.”
Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure.
Private land—Land owned by a busi­ness, nongovernmental organization, private individual, or a group of indi­viduals such as an association or club.
Public land—Land that is owned by local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds),
46 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
State governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or the federal government (such as National Forests, Recreational Areas, and Wild­life Refuges).
Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California and watches whales in California is a resi­dential wildlife watcher in California.
Rural—All territory, population, and housing units located outside of urban­ized areas and urban clusters, as deter­mined by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers and streams.
Screening interviews—The first Survey contact with a sample house­hold. Screening interviews are conducted with a household repre­sentative to identify respondents who are eligible for in-depth interviews. Screening interviews gather data such as age and sex about individuals in the households. Further information on screening interviews is available on page vii in the “Survey Background and Method” section of this report.
Small game—Grouse, pheasants, quail, rabbits, squirrels, and similar small animals for which States have small game seasons and bag limits.
Special equipment—Big-ticket equip­ment items that are owned primarily for wildlife-related recreation:
Bass boats
Other types of motor boats
Canoes and other types of nonmotor boats
Boat motors, boat trailer/hitches, and other boat accessories
Pickups, campers, vans, travel or tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs)
Cabins
Off-the-road vehicles such as trail bikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs), dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4 vehicles, and snowmobiles
Other special equipment
Spenders—Individuals who spent money on fishing, hunting, or wildlife-watching activities or equipment and also participated in those activities.
Sportspersons—Individuals who engaged in fishing, hunting, or both.
Trip—An outing involving fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching. A trip may begin from an individual’s prin­cipal residence or from another place, such as a vacation home or the home of a relative. A trip may last an hour, a day, or many days.
Type of fishing—There are three types of fishing: (1) freshwater except Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater.
Type of hunting—There are four types of hunting: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animal.
Unspecified expenditure—An item that was purchased for use in both fishing and hunting, rather than primarily one or the other. Auxiliary equipment, special equipment, maga­zines and books, and membership dues and contributions are the items for which a purchase could be categorized as “unspecified.”
Urban—All territory, population, and housing units located within boundaries that encompass densely settled territory, consisting of core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile. Under certain conditions, less densely settled territory may be included, as determined by the Census Bureau.
Visit parks or natural areas—A visit to places accessible to the public and that are owned or leased by a govern­mental entity, nongovernmental organi­zation, business, or a private individual or group such as an association or club.
Wildlife—Animals such as birds, fish, insects, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that are living in natural or wild environments. Wildlife does not include animals living in aquariums, zoos, and other artificial surround­ings or domestic animals such as farm animals or pets.
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed—Examples of species that wildlife watchers observe, photograph, and/or feed are (1) Wild birds—songbirds such as cardinals, robins, warblers, jays, buntings, and sparrows; birds of prey such as hawks, owls, eagles, and falcons; waterfowl such as ducks, geese, and swans; other water birds such as shorebirds, herons, pelicans, and cranes; and other birds such as pheasants, turkeys, road runners, and woodpeckers; (2) Land mammals—large land mammals such as bears, bison, deer, moose, and elk; small land mammals such as squirrels, foxes, prairie dogs, and rabbits; (3) Fish such as salmon, sharks, and groupers; (4) Marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, and manatees; and (5) Other wildlife such as butterflies, turtles, spiders, and snakes.
Wildlife-related recreation—
Recreational fishing, hunting, and
wildlife watching.
Wildlife watching—There are six types of wildlife watching: (1) closely observing, (2) photographing, (3) feeding, (4) visiting parks or natural areas, (5) maintaining plantings, and (6) maintaining natural areas. These activities must be the primary purpose of the trip or the around-the-home undertaking.
Wildlife-watching equi