2011 national survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation Mississippi

              Mississippi
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
2011 National Survey
of Fishing, Hunting,
and Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Bait
U.S. Department of the Interior
Sally Jewell,
Secretary
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. Department of Commerce
Rebecca M. Blank,
Acting Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Mark Doms,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Senior Adviser Performing the Duties
of the Director
FHW/11-MS
Issued April 2013
2011 National Survey of
Fishing, Hunting, and
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Bait
Mississippi
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural
heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi-bilities
or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities.
The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve,
protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people.
The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including
administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide finan-cial
assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure
their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the
National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce,
U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Senior Adviser Performing the Duties
of the Director
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration
Hannibal Bolton,
Assistant Director
U.S. Department of the Interior
Sally Jewell,
Secretary
Economics and Statistics
Administration
Mark Doms,
Under Secretary for
Economic Affairs
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi iii
Contents
List of Tables. . iv
Foreword. . vi
Survey Background and Method . vii
Highlights
Introduction. . 2
Summary. . 4
Wildlife-Related Recreation. . 5
Sportspersons . 6
Anglers. . 7
Hunters. . 9
Wildlife Watchers. . 11
2001–2011 Comparison . 13
Tables
Guide to Statistical Tables. . 16
Fishing and Hunting Tables . 17
Wildlife-Watching Tables. . 33
Appendixes
A. Definitions. . 44
B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews. . 48
C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends. . 54
D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy. . 64
iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
List of Tables
Fishing and Hunting
1. Fishing and Hunting in Mississippi by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011. . 17
2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Mississippi by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 17
3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011 . 18
4. Mississippi Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011. . 18
5. Mississippi Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 18
6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011 . 19
7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Mississippi by Type of Fish: 2011 . 19
8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Mississippi: 2011.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 20
9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Mississippi by Type of Fish: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Mississippi: 2011. . 21
11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Mississippi by Type of Fish: 2011. . 21
12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Mississippi by Type of Hunting: 2011 . 22
13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Mississippi by Type of Game: 2011. . 22
14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Mississippi by Type of Land: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
15. Selected Characteristics of Mississippi Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011. . 24
16. Summary of Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined
for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 25
17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011. . 26
18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 27
19. Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011 . 28
20. Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011. . 29
21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Mississippi for Fishing and Hunting by Mississippi Residents
and Nonresidents: 2011. . 30
22. Summary of Mississippi Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and
Outside Mississippi: 2011. . 31
23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Mississippi Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 32
Wildlife Watching
24. Wildlife Watching in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011. . 33
25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Mississippi: 2011. . 33
26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed,
or Fed in Mississippi: 2011. . 34
27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Mississippi: 2011. . 34
28. Mississippi Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011. . 35
29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 35
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi v
30. Selected Characteristics of Mississippi Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011 . 36
31. Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011.  .   .   .   .   . . 37
32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Mississippi for Wildlife Watching by
Mississippi Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 38
33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Mississippi by Mississippi Residents: 2011. . 39
34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Mississippi Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 40
35. Participation of Mississippi Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 40
36. Participation of Mississippi Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 41
vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
When I was growing up, it was taken
as a matter of faith that kids belonged
outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and
during those long, hot Atlanta summers,
it was common for our mom to holler,
“You boys get outside, and don’t come
back ‘til it’s dark.” It never occurred
to me or my brothers to do anything
else in our spare time but explore the
world around us. The truth is, we had
little else to do. But those experiences
– waking up on frosty mornings and
starting the campfire, scanning trees
for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel
in the dawn light, scouring creek beds
for crawdads and other fishing bait,
or simply of the fun we had tramping
through the forest – shaped who I am,
and drew me to a career in conserva-tion.
That’s why I’m excited by this 2011
National Survey of Fishing, Hunting,
and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
This report, the 12th in a series that
began in 1955, documents a significant
resurgence in the number of people
embracing America’s Great Outdoors.
Hunting participation has increased by
9 percent, while angling participation
grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent
of Americans participated in wildlife-related
recreation, an increase of 2.6
million participants from the 2006
Survey.
In addition, wildlife-related recre-ation
is a major driver of the nation’s
economy. The 2011 Survey estimates
that Americans spent $145 billion on
related gear, trips, licenses, land acqui-sition
or leases, and other purchases,
representing about one percent of the
nation’s gross domestic product.
This spending creates thousands of
jobs, supports countless local commu-nities
and provides vital funding for
conservation.
This year marks the 75th anniversary
of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restora-tion
Program, a cornerstone of wildlife
conservation in the United States.
Through excise taxes on firearms,
ammunition, archery and angling
equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service has distributed over $14 billion
for State and territorial wildlife conser-vation
programs.
This report would not have been
possible without the combined efforts
of state wildlife agencies – which
provided financial support through
the Multi-State Conservation Grant
Programs – the Association of Fish
and Wildlife Agencies and a number of
major national conservation organiza-tions.
We also owe our gratitude to the
thousands of survey respondents from
households across America. Because
of you, this Survey is the nation’s
definitive wildlife-related recreation
database and information source
concerning participation and purchases
associated with hunting, fishing and
other forms of wildlife-associated
recreation nationwide.
The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi-cated
to connecting people and families
with nature. We are proud to celebrate
the good news in this report, and we
look forward to continuing progress
as we work with the States, and all
our partners and the public to help
keep recreational fishing, hunting, and
wildlife watching growing and going
strong.
Dan Ashe
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Foreword
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi vii
Survey Background and Method
The National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation (Survey) has been
conducted since 1955 and is one of
the oldest and most comprehensive
continuing recreation surveys. The
Survey collects information on the
number of anglers, hunters, and wild-life
watchers, how often they partici-pate,
and how much they spend on their
activities in the United States.
Preparations for the 2011 Survey
began in 2008 when the Association of
Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA)
asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to
coordinate the twelfth National Survey
of wildlife-related recreation. Funding
came from the Multistate Conservation
Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife
and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as
amended.
Four regional technical committees
were set up under the auspices of
AFWA to ensure that State fish and
wildlife agencies had an opportunity to
participate in all phases of survey plan-ning
and design. The committees were
made up of agency representatives.
We consulted with State and Federal
agencies and nongovernmental
organizations such as the American
Sportfishing Association and National
Shooting Sports Foundation to deter-mine
survey content. Other sportsper-sons’
organizations and conservation
groups, industry representatives, and
researchers also provided valuable
advice.
Data collection for the Survey was
carried out in two phases by the
U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase
was the screen which began in April
2011. During the screening phase, the
Census Bureau interviewed a sample
of 48,600 households nationwide, to
determine who in the household had
fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in
2010, and who had engaged or planned
to engage in those activities in 2011.
In most cases, one adult household
member provided information for all
members. The screen primarily covered
2010 activities while the next, more
in-depth phase covered 2011 activities.
For more information on the 2010 data,
refer to Appendix B.
The second phase of data collection
consisted of three detailed interview
waves. The first wave began in April
2011 concurrent with the screen, the
second in September 2011, and the
last in January 2012. Interviews were
conducted with samples of likely
anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers
who were identified in the initial
screening phase. Interviews were
conducted primarily by telephone, with
in-person interviews for respondents
who could not be reached by phone.
Respondents in the second survey
phase were limited to those who were
at least 16 years old. Each respondent
provided information pertaining only
to his or her activities and expendi-tures.
Sample sizes were designed to
provide statistically reliable results at
the state level. Altogether, interviews
were completed for 11,330 anglers and
hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers.
More detailed information on sampling
procedures and response rates is found
in Appendix D.
Comparability With
Previous Surveys
The 2011 Survey’s questions and
methodology were similar to those
used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991
Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are
comparable.
The methodology for these Surveys
differs significantly from the 1955
to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates
are not directly comparable to those
of earlier surveys. Changes in meth-odology
included reducing the recall
period over which respondents had to
report their activities and expenditures.
Previous Surveys used a 12-month
recall period which resulted in greater
reporting bias. Research found that the
amount of activity and expenditures
reported in 12-month recall surveys
was overestimated in comparison
with that reported using shorter recall
periods.
Highlights
2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
The National Survey of Fishing,
Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated
Recreation reports results from inter-views
with U.S. residents about their
fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching.
This report focuses on 2011 participa-tion
and expenditures of persons 16
years of age and older.
The Survey is a snapshot of one year.
The information it collected tells us
how many people participated and
how much they spent on their activi-ties
in the State in 2011. It does not
tell us how many anglers, hunters, and
wildlife watchers there were because
many do not participate every year.
For example, based on information
collected in the Survey’s household
screen phase, we can estimate that
about 51 percent more anglers and
44 percent more hunters participated
nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years
prior to the screen survey year 2010.
In addition to 2011 estimates, we also
provide trend information in the High-lights
section and Appendix C of the
report. The 2011 numbers reported can
be compared with those in the 1991,
1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports
because they used similar methodolo-gies.
The 2011 estimates should not
be directly compared with results
from Surveys conducted prior to 1991
because of changes in methodology to
improve accuracy.
The report also provides information
on participation in wildlife recreation
in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15
years of age. The 2010 information is
provided in Appendix B. Information
about the Survey’s scope and coverage
is in Appendix D. The remainder of this
section defines important terms used in
the Survey.
This report does not provide infor-mation
about the State’s wildlife
resources. That, and additional infor-mation
on wildlife-related recreation,
may be obtained from State fish and
wildlife agencies. The Association of
Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide
the addresses and telephone numbers
of those agencies. The Association’s
website is www.fishwildlife.org.
Additionally, this report does not
provide information about the State’s
number of licensed anglers and hunters.
Historical license data can be found at
wsfrprograms.fws.gov.
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Wildlife-related recreation is fishing,
hunting, and wildlife-watching activi-ties.
These categories are not mutually
exclusive because many individuals
participated in more than one activity.
Wildlife-related recreation is reported
in two major categories: (1) fishing
and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching,
which includes observing, photo-graphing,
and feeding fish or wildlife.
Fishing and Hunting
This Survey reports information about
residents of the United States who
fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of
whether they were licensed. The fishing
and hunting sections report information
for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2)
anglers, and (3) hunters.
Sportspersons
Sportspersons are those who fished
or hunted. Individuals who fished
or hunted commercially in 2011 are
reported as sportspersons only if they
also fished or hunted for recreation. The
sportspersons group is composed of the
three subgroups shown in the diagram
below: (1) those that fished and hunted,
(2) those that only fished, and (3) those
that only hunted.
The total number of sportspersons is
equal to the sum of people who only
fished, only hunted, and both hunted
and fished. It is not the sum of all
anglers and all hunters because those
people who both fished and hunted are
included in both the angler and hunter
population and would be incorrectly
counted twice.
Anglers
Anglers are sportspersons who only
fished plus those who fished and
hunted. Anglers include not only
licensed hook and line anglers, but
also those who have no license and
those who use special methods such
as fishing with spears. Three types of
fishing are reported: (1) freshwater,
excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great
Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many
anglers participated in more than one
type of fishing, the total number of
anglers is less than the sum of the three
types of fishing.
Sportspersons
Anglers Hunters
Fished
only
Fished
and
hunted
Hunted
only
Introduction
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 3
Hunters
Hunters are sportspersons who only
hunted plus those who hunted and
fished. Hunters include not only
licensed hunters using rifles and
shotguns, but also those who have
no license and those who engage
in hunting with archery equipment,
muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms,
or pistols or handguns.
Four types of hunting are reported:
(1) big game, (2) small game,
(3) migratory bird, and (4) other
animals. Since many hunters partici-pated
in more than one type of hunting,
the sum of hunters for big game,
small game, migratory bird, and other
animals exceeds the total number of
hunters.
Wildlife Watchers
Since 1980, the National Survey has
included information on wildlife-watching
activities in addition to
fishing and hunting. However, unlike
the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the
National Surveys since 1991 have
collected data only for those activities
where the primary purpose was wildlife
watching (observing, photographing, or
feeding wildlife).
The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition
of wildlife watching. Participants must
either take a “special interest” in wild-life
around their homes or take a trip
for the “primary purpose” of wildlife
watching. Secondary wildlife watching,
such as incidentally observing wildlife
while pleasure driving, is not included.
Two types of wildlife-watching activity
are reported: (1) away-from-home
(formerly nonresidential) activities and
(2) around-the-home (formerly residen-tial)
activities. Because some people
participated in more than one type of
wildlife watching, the sum of partici-pants
in each type will be greater than
the total number of wildlife watchers.
Only those engaged in activities whose
primary purpose was wildlife watching
are included in the Survey. The two
types of wildlife-watching activity are
defined below.
Away-From-Home
This group includes persons who
took trips or outings of at least 1 mile
from home for the primary purpose of
observing, feeding, or photographing
fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or
scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquar-iums,
and museums are not considered
wildlife-watching activities.
Around-The-Home
This group includes those who
participated within 1 mile of home and
involves one or more of the following:
(1) closely observing or trying to iden-tify
birds or other wildlife; (2) photo-graphing
wildlife; (3) feeding birds or
other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural
areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit
to wildlife is the primary concern;
(5) maintaining plantings (shrubs,
agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit
to wildlife is the primary concern; or
(6) visiting parks and natural areas
within 1 mile of home for the primary
purpose of observing, feeding, or
photographing wildlife.
4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants.
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home.
Average days of participation
away from home .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants.
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home.
Average days of participation
away from home .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Activities in Mississippi by Residents and
Nonresidents
Activities by Mississippi Residents Both Inside and
Outside Mississippi
2011 Mississippi Summary
651,000
9,176,000
14
$527,740,000
$315,763,000
$211,977,000
$789
$34
483,000
9,105,000
19
$914,889,000
$244,140,000
$670,749,000
$1,854
$27
781,000
262,000
620,000
3,946,000
15
$342,422,000
$90,493,000
$251,928,000
$434
$23
603,000
8,598,000
14
$492,876,000
$294,815,000
$198,061,000
$817
$34
436,000
8,755,000
20
$815,823,000
$171,050,000
$644,773,000
$1,870
$20
630,000
135,000
620,000
4,411,000
33
$351,147,000
$68,752,000
$282,395,000
$557
$16
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 5
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Participation in Mississippi
The 2011 Survey found that 1.4 million
Mississippi residents and nonresidents
16 years old and older fished, hunted, or
wildlife watched in Mississippi. Of the
total number of participants, 651 thou-sand
fished, 483 thousand hunted, and
781 thousand participated in wildlife-watching
activities, which includes
observing, feeding, and photographing
wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters,
and wildlife watchers exceeds the total
number of participants in wildlife-related
recreation because many of the individ-uals
engaged in more than one wildlife-related
activity.
Participation in 2011 by 6- to
15-Year-Old Mississippi Residents
The focus of the National Survey is on
the activity of participants 16 years old
and older. However, the activity of 6- to
15-year-olds can be calculated using the
screening data covering the year 2010.
It is assumed for estimation purposes
that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old
participants to participants 16 years old
and older remained the same in 2010 and
2011. Based on this assumption, in addi-tion
to the 603 thousand resident anglers
16 years old or older in Mississippi,
there were 156 thousand resident anglers
6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 436
thousand Mississippians 16 years old
and older and 50 thousand Mississip-pians
6 to 15 years old who hunted.
Finally, there were 630 thousand Missis-sippians
16 years old and older and 78
thousand Mississippians 6 to 15 years
old who wildlife watched. Information
on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is
provided in Appendix B.
Expenditures in Mississippi
In 2011, state residents and nonresidents
spent $2.6 billion on wildlife recreation
in Mississippi. Of that total, trip-related
expenditures were $650 million and
equipment expenditures totaled $1.7
billion. The remaining $268 million was
spent on licenses, contributions, land
ownership and leasing, and other items.
Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Mississippi: 2011
(U.S. residents 16 years old and older)
	
Total. .
.
Sportspersons
Total. .
Anglers. .
Hunters. .
.
Wildlife Watchers
Total. .
Away from home. .
Around the home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Tables 1 and 24.
Percent of Total Participants
by Activity
(Total: 1.4 million participants)
Wildlife
Watching
Fishing Hunting
48%
36%
58%
Wildlife-Related
Recreation Expenditures in Mississippi
(Total: $2.6 billion)
Trip-related
25%
Equipment
65%
Other
10%
Percent of Total Residential
Participants 6 to 15 Years Old
by Activity: 2010
(Total: 199 thousand participants)
Wildlife
Watching
Fishing Hunting
95%
36%
22%
1.4 million
782 thousand
651 thousand
483 thousand
781 thousand
262 thousand
620 thousand
6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Sportspersons
In 2011, 782 thousand state resident and
nonresident sportspersons 16 years old
and older fished or hunted in Missis-sippi.
This group was comprised of
651 thousand anglers (83 percent of all
sportspersons) and 483 thousand hunters
(62 percent of all sportspersons). Among
the 782 thousand sportspersons who
fished or hunted in the state, 299 thou-sand
(38 percent) fished but did not hunt
in Mississippi. Another 131 thousand (17
percent) hunted but did not fish there.
The remaining 352 thousand (45 percent)
fished and hunted in Mississippi in 2011.
Sportspersons’ Participation in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
.
Anglers. .
Fished only. .
Fished and hunted .
.
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hunted only. .
Hunted and fished. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 1.
782 thousand
651 thousand
299 thousand
352 thousand
483 thousand
131 thousand
352 thousand
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 7
Anglers
Participants and Days of Fishing
In 2011, 651 thousand state residents
and nonresidents 16 years old and older
fished in Mississippi. Of this total, 600
thousand anglers (92 percent) were state
residents. Anglers fished a total of 9.2
million days in Mississippi—an average
of 14 days per angler. State residents
fished 8.5 million days—93 percent of
all fishing days in Mississippi.
A large majority of Mississippi residents
who fished anywhere in the United
States did so in their resident state. There
were 603 thousand Mississippi residents
16 years old and older who fished in the
United States in 2011 for a total of 8.6
million days. An estimated 99 percent of
all Mississippi residents who fished did
so in their home state. Of all fishing days
by Mississippi residents, 99 percent or
8.5 million were in their home state. For
further details about fishing in Missis-sippi,
see Table 3.
Anglers in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
	
Anglers. .
Residents .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of fishing. .
Residents .
Nonresidents. .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
	
Mississippi anglers .
In Mississippi. .
In other states. .
.
Days of fishing. .
In Mississippi. .
In other states. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
651 thousand
600 thousand
...
9.2 million
8.5 million
...
603 thousand
600 thousand
32 thousand
8.6 million
8.5 million
199 thousand
8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing Expenditures in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
	
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment .
Fishing. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 19.
Fishing Expenditures in Mississippi
All fishing-related expenditures in
Mississippi totaled $528 million
in 2011. Trip-related expenditures,
including food and lodging, transporta-tion,
and other expenses totaled $316
million—60 percent of all fishing
expenditures. Expenditures for food
and lodging were $102 million and
transportation expenditures were $93
million. Other trip expenses, such as
equipment rental, bait, and cooking
fuel, totaled $121 million. Each angler
spent an average of $485 on trip-related
costs during 2011.
Anglers spent $201 million on equip-ment
in Mississippi in 2011, 38 percent
of all fishing expenditures. Fishing
equipment (rods, reels, lines, etc.)
spending totaled $165 million—82
percent of the equipment total.
Auxiliary equipment expenditures
(tents, special fishing clothing, etc.)
and special equipment expenditures
(boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $36
million—18 percent of the equipment
total. Expenditures classified as special
and auxiliary equipment are on items
that were purchased for fishing but
could be used in activities other than
fishing.
The purchase of other items, such as
magazines, membership dues, licenses,
permits, stamps, and land leasing and
ownership, amounted to $11 million—2
percent of all fishing expenditures. For
more details about fishing expenditures
in Mississippi, see Tables 19 and 21
through 23.
Fishing Expenditures in Mississippi
(Total: $528 million)
Equipment
38%
Trip-related
60%
Other
2%
$528 million
$316 million
$201 million
$165 million
$36 million
$11 million
Comparative Fishing Expenditures by Type of Fishing
All fishing
Freshwater
Saltwater
$485
$314
$1,040
$34
$25
$54
Trip expenditures per angler: Trip expenditures per day:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 9
Hunters
Participants and Days of Hunting
In 2011, there were 483 thousand
residents and nonresidents 16 years old
and older who hunted in Mississippi.
Resident hunters numbered 436 thou-sand,
accounting for 90 percent of the
hunters in Mississippi. Residents and
nonresidents hunted 9.1 million days in
2011, an average of 19 days per hunter.
Residents hunted 8.5 million days in
Mississippi or 94 percent of all hunting
days.
There were 436 thousand Mississippi
residents 16 years old and older who
hunted in the United States in 2011 for
a total of 8.8 million days. An esti-mated
100 percent of all Mississippi
residents who hunted did so in their
home state. Of all hunting days by
Mississippi residents, 98 percent or 8.5
million were spent pursuing game in
their home state. For further informa-tion
on hunting activities by Mississippi
residents, see Table 3.
Hunters in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
	
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residents .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of hunting. .
Residents .
Nonresidents. .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Source: Table 3.
483 thousand
436 thousand
...
9.1 million
8.5 million
...
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
	
Mississippi hunters. .
In Mississippi. .
In other states. .
.
Days of hunting. .
In Mississippi. .
In other states. .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Source: Table 3.
436 thousand
436 thousand
...
8.8 million
8.5 million
...
10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Hunting Expenditures in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
	
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment .
Hunting. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 20.
Hunting Expenditures in
Mississippi
All hunting-related expenditures in
Mississippi totaled $915 million in
2011. Trip-related expenses, such
as food and lodging, transporta-tion,
and other trip expenses, totaled
$244 million—27 percent of total
expenditures. Expenditures for food
and lodging were $114 million and
transportation expenditures were $98
million. Other trip expenses, such as
equipment rental, totaled $31 million
for the year. The average trip-related
expenditure per hunter was $505.
Hunters spent $428 million on equip-ment—
47 percent of all hunting
expenditures. Hunting equipment
(guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $300
million and made up 70 percent of all
equipment costs. Hunters spent $129
million on auxiliary equipment (tents,
special hunting clothes, etc.) and
special equipment (boats, vans, etc.),
accounting for 30 percent of total
equipment expenditures for hunting.
Expenditures classified as special
and auxiliary equipment are on items
that were purchased for hunting but
could be used in activities other than
hunting.
The purchase of other items, such
as magazines, membership dues,
licenses, permits, and land leasing,
and ownership, cost hunters $242
million—27 percent of all hunting
expenditures. For more details on
hunting expenditures in Mississippi,
see Tables 20 through 23.
Hunting Expenditures in Mississippi
(Total: $915 million)
Equipment
47%
Trip-related
27%
Other
27%
Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting
All hunting
Big game
Small game
Migratory birds
Other animals
$505
$417
$197
$255
... ...
$27 $26
$14
$43
Trip expenditures per hunter:
... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Trip expenditures per day:
$915 million
$244 million
$428 million
$300 million
$129 million
$242 million
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 11
Participants and Days of Activity
In 2011, 781 thousand U.S. residents
16 years old and older fed, observed,
or photographed wildlife in Missis-sippi.
Most of them, 79 percent (620
thousand), enjoyed their activities
close to home and are called “around-the-
home” participants. Those persons
who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile
from home are called “away-from-home”
participants. People partici-pating
in away-from-home activities
in Mississippi in 2011 numbered 262
thousand—34 percent of all wildlife
watchers in Mississippi. Of the 262
thousand, 111 thousand were state
residents.
Mississippians 16 years old and older
who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife
watching within their state totaled 111
thousand. Of this group, 88 thousand
participants observed wildlife. Since
some individuals engaged in more than
one of the away-from-home activities
during the year, the sum of wildlife
observers, feeders, and photographers
exceeds the total number away-from-home
participants.
Mississippians spent 3.6 million days
engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching
activities in their state. They
spent 1.2 million days observing
wildlife. For further details about away-from-
home activities, see Table 25.
Mississippi residents also took an
active interest in wildlife around their
homes. In 2011, 620 thousand state
residents enjoyed observing, feeding,
and photographing wildlife within
one mile of their homes. Among this
around-the-home group, 532 thousand
fed, 422 thousand observed, and 192
thousand photographed wildlife around
their homes. Another 105 thousand
participants maintained plantings for
the benefit of wildlife, and 73 thousand
participants visited parks or natural
areas within a mile of home because of
the wildlife. Summing the number of
participants in these activities results
in an estimate that exceeds the total
number of around-the-home partici-pants
because many people participated
in more than one type of around-the-home
activity. In addition, 20 percent
of Mississippian around-the-home
wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife
away from home. For further details
about Mississippi residents partici-pating
in around-the-home wildlife-watching
activities, see
Table 27.
Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
	
Participants, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days, total .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 25.
262 thousand
148 thousand
194 thousand
...
3.9 million
1.4 million
...
...
Wildlife Watchers
Wildlife-Watching Participants in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
	
Total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 24.
Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Mississippi
(State residents 16 years old and older)
	
Total. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Maintain natural areas. .
Maintain plantings. .
Visit parks and natural areas .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 27.
781 thousand
620 thousand
262 thousand
620 thousand
532 thousand
422 thousand
192 thousand
...
105 thousand
73 thousand
12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Wild Bird Observers in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
	
Participants, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
.
Days, total .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 29.
Wild Bird Observers
Bird watching attracted many wildlife
enthusiasts in Mississippi. In 2011, 456
thousand people observed birds around
the home and on trips in the state. A
majority, 86 percent (393 thousand),
observed wild birds around the home
while 30 percent (135 thousand) took
trips away from home to watch birds.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in
Mississippi
Wildlife watchers spent $342 million
on wildlife-watching activities in
Mississippi in 2011. Trip-related
expenditures, including food and
lodging ($38 million) and transporta-tion
($43 million), amounted to $90
million. This summation comprised 26
percent of all wildlife-watching expen-ditures
by participants. The average of
the trip-related expenditures for away-from-
home participants was $346 per
person in 2011.
Wildlife-watching participants spent
nearly $238 million on equipment—70
percent of all their expenditures.
Specifically, wildlife-watching equip-ment
(binoculars, special clothing,
etc.) expenditures totaled $109 million,
46 percent of the equipment total.
Auxiliary equipment expenditures
(tents, backpacking equipment, etc.)
and special equipment expenditures
(campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to
$129 million—54 percent of all equip-ment
costs. Expenditures classified
as special and auxiliary equipment
are on items that were purchased for
wildlife-watching recreation but could
be used in activities other than wildlife
watching.
Other items purchased by wildlife-watching
participants, such as maga-zines,
membership dues and contribu-tions,
land leasing and ownership,
and plantings, totaled $14 million—4
percent of all wildlife-watching expen-ditures.
For more details about wildlife-watching
expenditures in Mississippi,
see Table 31.
Wildlife-Watching
Expenditures in Mississippi
(Total: $342 million)
Equipment
70%
Trip-related
26%
Other
4%
Away-From-Home Activity
by Around-The-Home Participants
(Total: 620 thousand participants)
Both around
the home
and away
from home
Around the
home only
80%
20%
456 thousand
393 thousand
135 thousand
70.9 million
69.5 million
1.4 million
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Mississippi
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
	
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment .
Wildlife watching. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 31.
$342 million
$90 million
$238 million
$109 million
$129 million
$14 million
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 13
Comparing the estimates from the
2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives
a perspective on the state of wildlife-related
recreation in the early twenty-first
century in Mississippi. Only the
most general recreation comparisons
are presented here.
The best way to compare estimates
from surveys is not to compare the
estimates themselves but to compare
the confidence intervals around the esti-mates.
A 90-percent confidence interval
around the estimate gives the range of
estimates that 90 percent of all possible
representative samples would supply. If
the 90-percent confidence intervals of
the two surveys’ estimates overlap, it
is not possible to say the two estimates
are statistically different.
The state resident estimates cover the
participation and expenditure activity
of Mississippi residents anywhere in
the United States. The in-state esti-mates
cover the participation, day, and
expenditure activity if U.S. residents
in Mississippi.
The expenditure estimates were made
comparable by adjusting the estimates
for inflation—all estimates are in 2011
dollars.
2001–2011 Comparison
Mississippi 2001 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2001 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers .
Total expenditures by state residents .
Hunting
	
	
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters .
Total expenditures by state residents .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
	
	
Participants in state.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
	
	
Total participants. .
Observers .
Feeders .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
	
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
586 651 NS11
9,461 9,176 NS–3
$267,611 $527,740 97
475 603 NS27
$403,148 $492,876 NS22
357 483 NS35
8,481 9,105 NS7
$457,617 $914,889 NS100
257 436 70
$388,857 $815,823 NS110
131 262 NS100
3,288 3,946 NS20
103 135 NS31
576 620 NS8
387 422 NS9
531 532 0
$385,453 $342,422 NS–11
$355,185 $351,147 NS–1
14 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Number of People Who Hunted
and Fished in Mississippi:
2001–2011
(In thousands)
586
546
357
304
651
483
Number of People Who Wildlife
Watched in Mississippi:
2001–2011
(In thousands)
Around the home
Away from home
2001 2006 2011 2001 2006 2011
576
131
606
246
620
262
Total Expenditures by
Participants in Mississippi
(In millions of 2011 dollars)
Anglers
Hunters
Wildlife Watchers
2001 2006 2011
268
458
385
268
580
196
528
915
342
Anglers
Hunters
Mississippi 2006 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2006 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers .
Total expenditures by state residents .
Hunting
	
	
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters .
Total expenditures by state residents .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
	
	
Participants in state.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
	
	
Total participants. .
Observers .
Feeders .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
	
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
546 651 NS19
7,648 9,176 NS20
$268,155 $527,740 97
479 603 NS26
$313,006 $492,876 NS57
304 483 59
6,835 9,105 NS33
$579,986 $914,889 NS58
244 436 79
$498,346 $815,823 NS64
246 262 NS7
1,302 3,946 NS203
145 135 NS–7
606 620 NS2
402 422 NS5
525 532 NS1
$196,203 $342,422 NS75
$227,577 $351,147 NS54
Tables
16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Guide to Statistical Tables
Purpose and Coverage of Tables
The statistical tables of this report were
designed to meet a wide range of needs
for those interested in wildlife-related
recreation. Special terms used in these
tables are defined in Appendix A.
The tables are based on responses to
the 2011 Survey, which was designed
to collect data about participation in
wi­ldlife-
related recreation. To have
taken part in the Survey, a respondent
must have been a U.S. resident (a
resident of one of the 50 states or the
District of Columbia). No one residing
outside the United States (including
U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter-viewing.
Therefore, reported state and
national totals do not include partici-pation
by those who were not U.S.
residents or who were U.S. citizens
residing outside the United States.
Comparability With Previous
Surveys
The numbers reported can be compared
with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and
2006 Survey Reports. The methodology
used in 2011 was similar to that used in
those Surveys. These results should not
be directly compared to results from
Surveys earlier than 1991 since there
were major changes in methodology.
These changes were made to improve
accuracy in the information provided.
Coverage of an Individual Table
Since the Survey covers many activi-ties
in various places by participants
of different ages, all table titles,
headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are
designed to identify and articulate each
item being reported in the table. For
example, the title of Table 2 shows that
data about anglers and hunters, their
days of participation, and their number
of trips are reported by type of activity.
By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi-cates
that it contains data on freshwater
anglers and the days they fished for
different species.
Percentages Reported in the Tables
Percentages are reported in the tables
for the convenience of the user. When
exclusive groups are being reported, the
base of a percentage is apparent from
its context because the percents add to
100 percent (plus or minus a rounding
error). For example, Table 2 reports
the number of trips taken by big game
hunters, those taken by small game
hunters, those taken by migratory bird
hunters, and those taken by hunters
pursuing other animals. These comprise
100 percent because they are exclusive
categories.
Percents should not add to 100
when nonexclusive groups are being
reported. Using Table 2 as an example
again, note that adding the percentages
associated with the total number of big
game hunters, total small game hunters,
total migratory bird hunters, and total
hunters of other animals will not yield
total hunters because respondents could
hunt for more than one type of game.
When the base of the percentage is not
apparent in context, it is identified in a
footnote. For example, Table 15 reports
two percentages with different bases:
one base being the number of total
participants at the head of the column
and the other base being the total popu-lation
who are described by the row
category. Footnotes are used to clarify
the bases of the reported percentages.
Footnotes to the Tables
Footnotes are used to clarify the infor-mation
or items that are being reported
in a table. Symbols in the body of a
table indicate important footnotes.
The following symbols are used in the
tables to refer to the same footnote each
time they appear:
* Estimate based on a sample size
of 10–29.
... Sample size too small to report
data reliably.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
X Not applicable.
NA Not available.
Estimates based upon fewer than ten
responses are regarded as being based
on a sample size that is too small for
reliable reporting. An estimate based
upon at least 10 but fewer than 30
responses is treated as an estimate
based on a small sample size. Other
footnotes appear, as necessary, to
qualify or clarify the estimates reported
in the tables. In addition, these two
important footnotes appear frequently:
• Detail does not add to total because
of multiple responses.
• Detail does not add to total
because of multiple responses and
no­nresponse.
“Multiple responses” is a term used to
reflect the fact that individuals or their
characteristics fall into more than one
category. Using Table 5 as an example,
those who fished in saltwater and fresh-water
appear in both of these totals. Yet
each angler is represented only once
in the “Total, all fishing” row. Simi-larly,
in Table 12, those who hunt for
big game and small game are counted
only once as a hunter in the “Total, all
hunting” row. Therefore, totals will be
smaller than the sum of subcategories
when multiple responses exist.
“Nonresponse” exists because the
Survey questions were answered volun-tarily,
and some respondents did not or
could not answer all the questions.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 17
Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Mississippi by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Total, state residents
and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number
Percent of
sportspersons Number
Percent of
resident
sportspersons Number
Percent of
nonresident
sportspersons
Total sportspersons (fished or hunted). . 782 100 696 100 *85 *100
Total anglers . 651 83 600 86 ... ...
Fished only. . 299 38 260 37 ... ...
  Fished and hunted.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 352 45 340 49 ... ...
Total hunters. . 483 62 436 63 ... ...
Hunted only. . *131 *17 *96 *14 ... ...
  Hunted and fished.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 352 45 340 49 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Mississippi by Type of Fishing and
Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants Days of participation Trips
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. . 651 100 9,176 100 7,909 100
Total, all freshwater. . 609 94 7,751 84 5,648 71
  Freshwater, except Great Lakes . 609 94 7,751 84 5,648 71
  Great Lakes. . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)
Saltwater. . *120 *18 *2,293 *25 *2,262 *29
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. . 483 100 9,105 100 7,308 100
Big game. . 469 97 7,410 81 5,591 77
Small game. . *106 *22 *1,445 *16 *1,341 *18
Migratory birds. . *39 *8 *231 *3 *187 *3
Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.     (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and hunters, trips and
days of participation
Activity in Mississippi Activity by Mississippi residents in United States
Total, state
residents and
nonresidents
State residents Nonresidents
Total, in state of
residence and in
other states
In state of
residence In other states
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total anglers. . 651 100 600 92 ... ... 603 100 600 99 *32 *5
Total trips . 7,909 100 7,501 95 ... ... 7,632 100 7,501 98 *132 *2
Total days of fishing. . 9,176 100 8,501 93 ... ... 8,598 100 8,501 99 *199 *2
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 (X) 14 (X) ... (X) 14 (X) 14 (X) *6 (X)
HUNTING
Total hunters. . 483 100 436 90 ... ... 436 100 436 100 ... ...
Total trips . 7,308 100 7,046 96 ... ... 7,181 100 7,046 98 ... ...
Total days of hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,105 100 8,537 94 ... ... 8,755 100 8,537 98 ... ...
Average days of hunting. . 19 (X) 20 (X) ... (X) 20 (X) 20 (X) ... (X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.     (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 4. Mississippi Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Place fished or hunted
Anglers Hunters
Number Percent Number Percent
Total, all places . 603 100 436 100
In-state only . 571 95 427 98
In-state and other states. . *29 *5 ... ...
In other states only. . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 5. Mississippi Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants Days of participation Trips
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. . 603 100 8,598 100 7,632 100
Total, all freshwater. . 564 93 7,135 83 5,339 70
  Freshwater, except Great Lakes . 564 93 7,135 83 5,339 70
  Great Lakes. . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Saltwater. . *130 *22 *2,338 *27 *2,293 *30
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. . 436 100 8,755 100 7,181 100
Big game. . 423 97 7,041 80 5,495 77
Small game. . *98 *23 *1,402 *16 *1,328 *18
Migratory birds. . *39 *9 *231 *3 *187 *3
Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 19
Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Mississippi
Total, state residents
and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total anglers . 609 100 562 92 ... ...
Total trips. . 5,648 100 5,249 93 ... ...
Total days of fishing . 7,751 100 7,086 91 ... ...
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 (X) 13 (X) ... (X)
ANGLERS
Total, all types of water. . 609 100 562 92 ... ...
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs . 579 100 537 93 ... ...
Rivers or streams.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . *197 *100 *185 *94 ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of water. . 7,751 100 7,086 91 ... ...
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs . 5,539 100 5,041 91 ... ...
Rivers or streams.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . *2,370 *100 *2,352 *99 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.     (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Mississippi by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Mississippi
Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number
Percent of
total types
Percent of
anglers/days Number
Percent of
anglers/days Number
Percent of
anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish . 609 100 100 562 92 ... ...
Crappie. . *283 *46 *100 *255 *90 ... ...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 28 100 *163 *97 ... ...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . *50 *8 *100 *50 *100 ... ...
Black bass. . 219 36 100 193 88 ... ...
Catfish, bullheads. . 327 54 100 307 94 ... ...
Walleye, sauger. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Steelhead. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Trout. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Salmon . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *78 *13 *100 *71 *91 ... ...
Other freshwater fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish . 7,751 100 100 7,086 91 ... ...
Crappie. . *2,812 *36 *100 *2,263 *81 ... ...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417 18 100 *1,406 *99 ... ...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . *1,039 *13 *100 *1,039 *100 ... ...
Black bass. . 2,940 38 100 2,585 88 ... ...
Catfish, bullheads. . 2,403 31 100 2,162 90 ... ...
Walleye, sauger. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Steelhead. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Trout. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Salmon . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *852 *11 *100 *760 *89 ... ...
Other freshwater fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Mississippi: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Mississippi by Type of Fish: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 21
Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Mississippi by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Mississippi
Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total
types
Percent of
anglers/days Number
Percent of
anglers/days Number
Percent of
anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish . *120 *100 *100 *116 *97 ... ...
Salmon . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Striped bass. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Bluefish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Flatfish (flounder, halibut) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Red drum (redfish). . *66 *55 *100 *66 *100 ... ...
Seatrout (weakfish). . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Mackerel. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Mahi Mahi (dolphinfish). . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Tuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Shellfish . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Another type of saltwater fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish . *2,293 *100 *100 *2,284 *100 ... ...
Salmon . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Striped bass. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Bluefish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Flatfish (flounder, halibut) . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Red drum (redfish). . *1,551 *68 *100 *1,551 *100 ... ...
Seatrout (weakfish). . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Mackerel. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Mahi Mahi (dolphinfish). . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Tuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Shellfish . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Another type of saltwater fish. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Mississippi: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Mississippi
Total, state residents
and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total anglers. . *120 *100 *116 *97 ... ...
Total trips . *2,262 *100 *2,252 *100 ... ...
Total days . *2,293 *100 *2,284 *100 ... ...
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *19 (X) *20 (X) ... (X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.    (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Mississippi by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters, trips, and days of hunting
Activity in Mississippi
Total, state residents
and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all hunting. . 483 100 436 90 ... ...
Big game. . 469 100 423 90 ... ...
Small game. . *106 *100 *98 *93 ... ...
Migratory birds. . *39 *100 *39 *100 ... ...
Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ...
TRIPS
Total, all hunting. . 7,308 100 7,046 96 ... ...
Big game. . 5,591 100 5,374 96 ... ...
Small game. . *1,341 *100 *1,319 *98 ... ...
Migratory birds. . *187 *100 *187 *100 ... ...
Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ...
DAYS
Total, all hunting. . 9,105 100 8,537 94 ... ...
Big game. . 7,410 100 6,841 92 ... ...
Small game. . *1,445 *100 *1,379 *95 ... ...
Migratory birds. . *231 *100 *231 *100 ... ...
Other animals. . ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
 
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Mississippi by Type of Game: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of game
Hunters, state residents and nonresidents Days of hunting
Number Percent Number Percent
Total, all types of game. . 483 100 9,105 100
Big game, total.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 469 97 7,410 81
Deer. . 469 97 7,207 79
  Elk. . ... ... ... ...
  Bear. . ... ... ... ...
  Wild turkey. . ... ... ... ...
  Other big game. . ... ... ... ...
Small game, total.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . *106 *22 *1,445 *16
  Rabbit, hare. . *88 *18 *1,284 *14
Quail. . ... ... ... ...
  Grouse/prairie chicken. . ... ... ... ...
Squirrel. . *51 *11 *597 *7
Pheasant . ... ... ... ...
  Other small game . ... ... ... ...
Migratory birds, total. . *39 *8 *231 *3
  Waterfowl. . ... ... ... ...
Geese. . ... ... ... ...
   Ducks . ... ... ... ...
Doves . *36 *7 *72 *1
  Other migratory birds. . ... ... ... ...
Other animals, total1. . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 23
Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Mississippi by Type of Land: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters and days of hunting
Total, state residents
and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all types of land. . 483 100 436 100 ... ...
Public land, total. . *81 *17 *69 *16 ... ...
  Public land only . ... ... ... ... ... ...
  Public and private land. . *55 *11 ... ... ... ...
Private land, total. . 455 94 413 95 ... ...
  Private land only. . 400 83 366 84 ... ...
  Private and public land. . *55 *11 ... ... ... ...
DAYS
Total, all types of land. . 9,105 100 8,537 100 ... ...
Public land1. . *622 *7 *547 *6 ... ...
Private land2 . 8,009 88 7,596 89 ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land.
2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Mississippi Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population Sportspersons
(fished or hunted) Anglers Hunters
Number Percent Number
Percent
who par-ticipated
Percent
of
sports-persons
Number
Percent
who par-ticipated
Percent of
anglers Number
Percent
who par-ticipated
Percent of
hunters
Total persons. . 2,220 100 700 32 100 603 27 100 436 20 100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. . 926 42 170 18 24 168 18 28 *54 *6 *12
Rural. . 1,295 58 530 41 76 435 34 72 382 29 88
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). . 1,455 66 512 35 73 461 32 76 317 22 73
  1,000,000 or more. . 126 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
  250,000 to 999,999. . 502 23 126 25 18 *120 *24 *20 *92 *18 *21
  50,000 to 249,999. . 826 37 378 46 54 337 41 56 *220 *27 *50
Outside MSA. . 766 34 187 24 27 143 19 24 *119 *16 *27
Sex
Male . 962 43 430 45 62 336 35 56 335 35 77
Female. . 1,259 57 269 21 38 267 21 44 ... ... ...
Age
16 to 17 years. . *109 *5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
18 to 24 years. . 233 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
25 to 34 years. . 343 15 *170 *50 *24 *130 *38 *21 *106 *31 *24
35 to 44 years. . 518 23 *106 *20 *15 *77 *15 *13 ... ... ...
45 to 54 years. . 308 14 *157 *51 *22 *142 *46 *24 *93 *30 *21
55 to 64 years. . 397 18 *199 *50 *28 *195 *49 *32 *136 *34 *31
65 years and older. . 313 14 *28 *9 *4 ... ... ... ... ... ...
  65 to 74 years. . 150 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
  75 and older.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 162 7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ethnicity
Hispanic . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Non-Hispanic . 2,203 99 698 32 100 602 27 100 435 20 100
Race
White. . 1,212 55 483 40 69 392 32 65 342 28 78
African American. . 832 37 *212 *25 *30 *212 *25 *35 ... ... ...
All others.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . *176 *8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. . 385 17 *81 *21 *12 *63 *16 *11 ... ... ...
$20,000 to $29,999. . 468 21 *265 *57 *38 *226 *48 *37 *194 *41 *44
$30,000 to $39,999. . 469 21 *31 *7 *4 *26 *6 *4 ... ... ...
$40,000 to $49,999. . 126 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
$50,000 to $74,999. . 242 11 *83 *34 *12 *79 *33 *13 ... ... ...
$75,000 to $99,999. . 88 4 *78 *88 *11 *59 *66 *10 *71 *81 *16
$100,000 to $149,999. . 93 4 *39 *42 *6 *37 *40 *6 ... ... ...
$150,000 or more. . 141 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Not reported . 209 9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Education
11 years or less. . 416 19 *100 *24 *14 *62 *15 *10 ... ... ...
12 years. . 786 35 177 22 25 *159 *20 *26 *84 *11 *19
1 to 3 years of college. . 484 22 *191 *39 *27 *172 *36 *29 *122 *25 *28
4 years or more of college. . 534 24 232 43 33 *210 *39 *35 *151 *28 *35
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
 
 
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity
named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are
described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 25
Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. . 2,286,772 795 2,878 2,885
Food and lodging . 216,238 582 372 277
Transportation. . 191,530 632 303 245
Other trip costs2. . 152,134 497 306 195
Equipment (fishing, hunting). . 469,774 624 753 576
Auxiliary equipment3 . 76,343 283 270 88
Special equipment4. . *926,295 *129 *7,162 *1,185
Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *7,094 *43 *163 ...
Membership dues and contributions. . *14,414 *98 *147 *13
Other5 . 232,951 484 482 298
FISHING
Total. . 527,740 638 827 789
Food and lodging . 101,802 465 219 156
Transportation. . 93,213 515 181 143
Other trip costs2. . 120,748 408 296 186
Fishing equipment. . 164,977 494 334 232
Auxiliary equipment3 . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment4. . ... ... ... ...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ...
Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ...
Other5 . *4,202 *183 *23 *6
HUNTING
Total. . 914,889 492 1,860 1,854
Food and lodging . 114,436 360 318 237
Transportation. . 98,317 367 268 203
Other trip costs2. . *31,386 *134 *234 *65
Hunting equipment. . 299,769 352 851 605
Auxiliary equipment3 . 52,450 212 247 *93
Special equipment4. . ... ... ... ...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ...
Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ...
Other5 . 228,749 319 717 473
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. . *767,748 *110 *6,958 *981
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair
of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
angler (dollars)1
ALL FISHING
Total. . 516,553 631 818 772
Food and lodging . 101,802 465 219 156
Transportation. . 93,213 515 181 143
Other trip costs. . 120,748 408 296 186
Equipment. . 200,790 498 403 287
ALL FRESHWATER
Total. . 260,188 582 447 392
Food and lodging . 73,780 444 166 113
Transportation. . 71,000 471 151 109
Other trip costs. . 46,241 384 120 71
Equipment. . 69,168 414 167 98
FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES
Total. . 256,434 574 447 392
Food and lodging . 73,780 444 166 113
Transportation. . 71,000 471 151 109
Other trip costs. . 46,241 384 120 71
Equipment. . 65,414 406 161 98
GREAT LAKES
Total. . ... ... ... ...
Food and lodging . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment. . ... ... ... ...
SALTWATER
Total. . *239,886 *126 *1,898 *369
Food and lodging . *28,022 *116 *242 *43
Transportation. . *22,213 *117 *190 *34
Other trip costs. . *74,507 *113 *658 *114
Equipment. . *115,144 *77 *1,502 *177
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 27
Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per
type of hunter
(dollars)1
ALL HUNTING
Total. . 672,435 491 1,371 1,361
Food and lodging . 114,436 360 318 237
Transportation. . 98,317 367 268 203
Other trip costs. . *31,386 *134 *234 *65
Equipment. . 428,296 363 1,180 856
BIG GAME
Total. . 490,076 465 1,055 990
Food and lodging . 87,661 348 252 181
Transportation. . 77,918 354 220 161
Other trip costs. . *29,812 *129 *231 *62
Equipment. . 294,684 316 932 585
SMALL GAME
Total. . *68,763 *96 *714 *536
Food and lodging . *11,957 *44 *274 *94
Transportation. . *8,779 *44 *200 *69
Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment. . ... ... ... ...
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Total. . *26,264 *38 *692 *405
Food and lodging . *4,467 *30 *147 *69
Transportation. . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment. . ... ... ... ...
OTHER ANIMALS
Total. . ... ... ... ...
Food and lodging . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment. . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.
28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 19. Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average
per angler
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
anglers
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 527,740 789 638 98 827
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. . 315,763 485 538 83 587
Food and lodging, total. . 101,802 156 465 72 219
Food . 92,315 142 465 72 198
Lodging. . ... ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . 93,213 143 515 79 181
Other trip costs, total. . 120,748 186 408 63 296
Privilege and other fees2. . *15,940 *24 *75 *12 *213
Boating costs3. . *49,090 *75 *111 *17 *444
Bait. . 33,697 52 329 51 102
Ice. . 16,740 26 253 39 66
Heating and cooking fuel. . ... ... ... ... ...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR FISHING
Fishing equipment, total. . 164,977 232 494 76 334
Reels, rods, and rod-making components. . 52,593 *68 211 32 250
Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.. . 37,807 56 395 61 96
Artificial lures and flies. . 23,275 29 378 58 62
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks. . *1,861 *3 *92 *14 *20
Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers . *2,053 *3 *104 *16 *20
Other fishing equipment4 . *47,387 *73 *111 *17 *427
Auxiliary equipment5 . ... ... ... ... ...
Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ... ...
Other fishing costs7. . 11,187 17 199 31 56
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.     … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use.
3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment,
processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are
included.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 29
Table 20. Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average
per hunter
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
hunters
Average per
spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 914,889 1,854 492 102 1,860
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. . 244,140 505 378 78 647
Food and lodging, total. . 114,436 237 360 75 318
Food . 112,611 233 360 75 313
Lodging. . ... ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . 98,317 203 367 76 268
Other trip costs, total. . *31,386 *65 *134 *28 *234
Privilege and other fees2. . *26,418 *55 *65 *14 *405
Boating costs3. . ... ... ... ... ...
Heating and cooking fuel. . ... ... ... ... ...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING
Hunting equipment, total. . 299,769 605 352 73 851
Firearms . *58,323 *107 *58 *12 *1,009
Ammunition . 35,948 73 316 65 114
Other hunting equipment4. . 205,499 425 243 50 847
Auxiliary equipment5 . 52,450 *93 212 44 247
Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ... ...
Other hunting costs7 . 242,453 494 330 68 735
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment.
3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery
equipment, and other hunting equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of
equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are
included.
30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Mississippi for Fishing and Hunting by Mississippi
	
	
Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 2,032,314 784 2,593 4,206
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . 592,491 682 869 772
Food and lodging . 101,802 465 219 156
Transportation. . 93,213 515 181 143
Boating costs2. . *49,090 *111 *444 *75
Other trip costs3. . 71,658 405 177 110
Equipment. . 276,728 549 504 287
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . 672,893 497 1,355 1,361
Food and lodging . 114,436 360 318 237
Transportation. . 98,317 367 268 203
Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs3. . *30,194 *120 *252 *62
Equipment. . 428,753 369 1,162 856
Unspecified equipment4 . *766,930 *104 *7,389 *1,587
STATE RESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 1,890,787 661 2,861 4,334
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . 539,351 599 900 772
Food and lodging . 88,189 434 203 147
Transportation. . 77,761 479 162 130
Boating costs2. . *49,090 *111 *444 *82
Other trip costs3. . 63,965 374 171 107
Equipment. . 260,346 483 539 307
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . 584,506 441 1,326 1,339
Food and lodging . 69,903 325 215 160
Transportation. . 77,857 330 236 178
Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs3. . *21,690 *113 *192 *50
Equipment. . 413,864 354 1,171 948
Unspecified equipment4 . *766,930 *96 *7,960 *1,758
NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . *141,527 *123 *1,151 *3,020
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . *53,140 *83 *641 ...
Food and lodging . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . ... ... ... ...
Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs3. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment. . ... ... ... ...
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . *88,387 *56 *1,589 ...
Food and lodging . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . ... ... ... ...
Boating costs2. . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs3. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment. . ... ... ... ...
Unspecified equipment4 . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil.
4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 31
Table 22. Summary of Mississippi Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside
Mississippi: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. . 2,152,280 670 3,210 3,076
Food and lodging . 167,310 530 316 239
Transportation. . 161,734 562 288 231
Other trip costs2. . 136,821 470 291 196
Equipment (fishing, hunting). . 451,050 554 815 645
Auxiliary equipment3 . 69,901 271 258 100
Special equipment4. . *926,295 *122 *7,599 *1,324
Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *6,544 *43 *153 *9
Membership dues and contributions. . *11,750 *96 *122 *17
Other5 . 220,876 428 516 316
FISHING
Total. . 492,876 557 885 817
Food and lodging . 99,656 444 225 165
Transportation. . 80,400 479 168 133
Other trip costs2. . 114,759 388 296 190
Fishing equipment. . 151,846 428 354 252
Auxiliary equipment3 . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment4. . ... ... ... ...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ...
Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ...
Other5 . 3,417 158 22 6
HUNTING
Total. . 815,823 436 1,870 1,870
Food and lodging . 67,655 326 207 155
Transportation. . 81,334 330 247 186
Other trip costs2. . *22,061 *127 *173 *51
Hunting equipment. . 294,176 340 866 674
Auxiliary equipment3 . *46,009 *201 *229 *105
Special equipment4. . ... ... ... ...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ...
Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ...
Other5 . 217,458 294 740 498
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. . *767,185 *100 *7,672 *1,097
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and
repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.
32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Mississippi Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)1
IN MISSISSIPPI
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . 2,127,337 669 3,181 2,721
Trip-related expenditures . 449,647 581 774 575
Equipment (fishing and hunting) . 445,980 554 805 570
Auxiliary equipment2 . 68,865 271 254 88
Special equipment3. . *926,295 *122 *7,599 *1,185
Other4 . 236,551 430 551 303
Expenditures for fishing, total. . 472,732 555 852 726
Trip-related expenditures . 279,005 502 556 429
Fishing equipment. . 148,594 428 347 228
Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ...
Other4 . *9,319 *164 *57 *14
Expenditures for hunting, total. . 811,064 436 1,859 1,679
Trip-related expenditures . 170,642 338 505 353
Hunting equipment. . 292,357 340 860 605
Auxiliary equipment2 . *44,972 *201 *224 *93
Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ...
Other4 . 227,016 296 766 470
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5 . *767,146 *100 *7,671 *981
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . *46,431 *567 *82 *59
Trip-related expenditures . *37,707 *34 *1,095 *48
Equipment (fishing and hunting) . ... ... ... ...
Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ...
Other4 . *2,618 *202 *13 *3
Expenditures for fishing, total. . *29,174 *436 *67 *45
Trip-related expenditures . *24,840 *27 *935 *38
Fishing equipment. . ... ... ... ...
Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ...
Other4 . *1,083 *73 *15 *2
Expenditures for hunting, total. . *17,218 *357 *48 *36
Trip-related expenditures . ... ... ... ...
Hunting equipment. . ... ... ... ...
Auxiliary equipment2 . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment3. . ... ... ... ...
Other4 . ... ... ... ...
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5 . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders,
maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes,
house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and
plantings.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 33
Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants Number Percent
Total participants . 781 100
Away from home. . *262 *34
  Observe wildlife. . *148 *19
Photograph wildlife. . *194 *25
Feed wildlife. . ... ...
Around the home. . 620 79
  Observe wildlife. . 422 54
Photograph wildlife. . *192 *25
Feed wildlife. . 532 68
  Visit parks or natural areas1. . *73 *9
  Maintain plantings or natural areas. . *139 *18
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
Mississippi: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants, trips, and days of participation
Activity in Mississippi
Total, state residents
and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
PARTICIPANTS
Total participants . *262 *100 *111 *100 ... ...
Observe wildlife. . *148 *57 *88 *79 ... ...
Photograph wildlife. . *194 *74 ... ... ... ...
Feed wildlife. . ... ... ... ... ... ...
TRIPS
Total Trips. . *2,357 *100 *2,086 *100 ... ...
Average days per trip . *2 (X) *2 (X) ... (X)
DAYS
Total days. . *3,946 *100 *3,608 *100 ... ...
Observing wildlife . *1,399 *35 *1,151 *32 ... ...
Photographing wildlife. . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Feeding wildlife . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Average days per participant. . *15 (X) *32 (X) ... (X)
Observing wildlife . *9 (X) *13 (X) ... (X)
Photographing wildlife. . ... (X) ... (X) ... (X)
Feeding wildlife . ... (X) ... (X) ... (X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.    (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in
Mississippi: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed
Total, state residents
and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total all wildlife. . *262 *100 *111 *43 ... ...
Total birds. . *242 *100 *92 *38 ... ...
Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). . *233 *100 ... ... ... ...
Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.) . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *117 *100 ... ... ... ...
Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.). . *121 *100 ... ... ... ...
Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.). . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Total land mammals. . *204 *100 *72 *35 ... ...
Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.). . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.). . *192 *100 ... ... ... ...
Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.).  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.) . ... ... ... ... ... ...
Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.) . ... ... ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Mississippi: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Around the home
Participants
Number Percent
Total around-the-home participants. . 620 100
Observe wildlife. . 422 68
Visit parks and natural areas1 . *73 *12
Photograph wildlife. . *192 *31
Feed wildlife. . 532 86
Maintain natural areas. . ... ...
Maintain plantings . *105 *17
Participants Observing Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. . 422 100
  Birds. . 393 93
Land mammals. . 300 71
Large mammals. . *238 *56
Small mammals. . 252 60
  Amphibians or reptiles . *135 *32
  Insects or spiders. . *95 *22
  Fish and other wildlife . *99 *23
Total, 1 day or more . 422 100
  1 to 10 days. . ... ...
  11 to 50 days. . ... ...
  51 to 200 days. . *135 *32
  201 days or more. . *186 *44
Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas1
Total, 1 day or more . *73 *100
  1 to 5 days. . ... ...
  6 to 10 days. . ... ...
  11 days or more. . ... ...
Participants Photographing Wildlife
Total, 1 day or more . *192 *100
  1 to 3 days. . *108 *56
  4 to 10 days. . ... ...
  11 or more days. . ... ...
Participants Feeding Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. . 532 100
  Wild birds. . 509 96
  Other wildlife. . *174 *33
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 35
Table 28. Mississippi Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants Number Percent of participants Percent of population
Total participants . 630 100 28
Away from home. . *135 *21 *6
Around the home. . 620 98 28
  Observe wildlife. . 422 67 19
Photograph wildlife. . *192 *30 *9
  Feed wild birds or other wildlife. . 532 84 24
  Maintain plantings or natural areas. . *139 *22 *6
  Visit parks or natural areas1. . *73 *12 *3
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
 
 
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
 
 
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of
population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.
Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Mississippi by State Residents and
	
Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Observers and days of observation
Total, state residents
and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
OBSERVERS
Total bird observers. . 456 100 396 100 ... ...
Around-the-home observers. . 393 86 393 99 (X) (X)
Away-from-home observers. . *135 *30 ... ... ... ...
DAYS
Total days observing birds.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 70,878 100 70,633 100 ... ...
Around the home. . 69,495 98 69,495 98 (X) (X)
Away from home. . *1,383 *2 ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.    (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Mississippi Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Participants
Total Away from home Around the home
Number Percent Number
Percent
who par-ticipated
Percent Number
Percent
who par-ticipated
Percent Number
Percent
who par-ticipated
Percent
Total persons. . 2,220 100 630 28 100 *135 *6 *100 620 28 100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. . 926 42 *166 *18 *26 ... ... ... *164 *18 *26
Rural. . 1,295 58 464 36 74 *94 *7 *70 456 35 74
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). . 1,455 66 471 32 75 *105 *7 *78 461 32 74
  1,000,000 or more. . 126 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
  250,000 to 999,999. . 502 23 *102 *20 *16 ... ... ... *98 *20 *16
  50,000 to 249,999. . 826 37 *316 *38 *50 ... ... ... *309 *37 *50
Outside MSA. . 766 34 *159 *21 *25 ... ... ... *159 *21 *26
Sex
Male . 962 43 311 32 49 *53 *5 *39 *301 *31 *49
Female. . 1,259 57 319 25 51 ... ... ... 319 25 51
Age
16 to 17 years. . *109 *5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
18 to 24 years. . 233 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
25 to 34 years. . 343 15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
35 to 44 years. . 518 23 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
45 to 54 years. . 308 14 *167 *54 *27 ... ... ... *165 *54 *27
55 to 64 years. . 397 18 *143 *36 *23 ... ... ... *143 *36 *23
65 years and older. . 313 14 *206 *66 *33 ... ... ... *206 *66 *33
  65 to 74 years. . 150 7 *66 *44 *10 ... ... ... *66 *44 *11
  75 and older.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 162 7 *140 *86 *22 ... ... ... *140 *86 *23
Ethnicity
Hispanic . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Non-Hispanic . 2,203 99 630 29 100 *135 *6 *100 620 28 100
Race
White. . 1,212 55 419 35 66 *114 *9 *84 408 34 66
African American. . 832 37 *194 *23 *31 ... ... ... *194 *23 *31
All others.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . *176 *8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. . 385 17 *174 *45 *28 ... ... ... *172 *45 *28
$20,000 to $29,999. . 468 21 *232 *50 *37 ... ... ... *232 *50 *38
$30,000 to $39,999. . 469 21 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
$40,000 to $49,999. . 126 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
$50,000 to $74,999. . 242 11 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
$75,000 to $99,999. . 88 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
$100,000 to $149,999. . 93 4 *42 *45 *7 ... ... ... ... ... ...
$150,000 or more. . 141 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Not reported . 209 9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Education
11 years or less. . 416 19 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
12 years. . 786 35 *180 *23 *29 ... ... ... *180 *23 *29
1 to 3 years of college. . 484 22 *140 *29 *22 ... ... ... *132 *27 *21
4 years or more of college . 534 24 *193 *36 *31 ... ... ... *193 *36 *31
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
 
 
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in
the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are
described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 37
Table 31. Expenditures in Mississippi by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
	
	
	
Wildlife Watching: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Expenditures
(thousands
of dollars)
Average per
participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
wildlife-watching
participants2
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 342,422 434 655 84 523
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related . *90,493 *346 *249 *95 *364
Food and lodging . *37,648 *144 *245 *93 *154
Food . *35,051 *134 *245 *93 *143
Lodging. . ... ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . *43,128 *165 *242 *92 *178
Other trip costs3. . ... ... ... ... ...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. . 251,928 318 505 65 499
Wildlife-watching equipment, total.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 109,337 136 465 60 235
Binoculars, spotting scopes. . ... ... ... ... ...
Film and photo processing. . ... ... ... ... ...
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic
equipment, including memory cards. . ... ... ... ... ...
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. . ... ... ... ... ...
Bird food. . 40,357 48 352 45 115
Food for other wildlife. . *9,061 *11 *94 *12 *96
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . *14,357 *18 *298 *38 *48
Other equipment (including field guides). . ... ... ... ... ...
Auxiliary equipment4 . ... ... ... ... ...
Special equipment5. . ... ... ... ... ...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. . ... ... ... ... ...
Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ... ...
Land leasing and ownership. . ... ... ... ... ...
Plantings. . *8,872 *11 *87 *11 *102
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Mississippi for Wildlife Watching by Mississippi Residents
and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Total. . 328,804 619 532 417
Food and lodging . *37,648 *245 *154 *144
Transportation. . *43,128 *242 *178 *165
Other trip costs2. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment3. . 238,311 465 512 301
STATE RESIDENTS
Total. . 276,048 426 648 438
Food and lodging . *10,593 *97 *109 *95
Transportation. . *26,435 *94 *282 *237
Other trip costs2. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment3. . 234,768 421 558 373
NONRESIDENTS
Total. . ... ... ... ...
Food and lodging . ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . ... ... ... ...
Other trip costs2. . ... ... ... ...
Equipment3. . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 39
Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Mississippi by Mississippi Residents:
2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Expenditures
(thousands
of dollars)
Average per
participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
wildlife-watching
participants2
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Total, all items.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . 351,147 557 456 72 770
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related . *68,752 *508 *110 *81 *623
Food and lodging . *26,235 *194 *106 *79 *247
Food . *14,222 *105 *105 *77 *136
Lodging. . ... ... ... ... ...
Transportation. . *37,528 *277 *103 *76 *364
Other trip costs3. . ... ... ... ... ...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. . 282,395 448 455 72 621
Wildlife-watching equipment, total.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . . 130,134 207 421 67 309
Binoculars, spotting scopes. . ... ... ... ... ...
Film and photo processing. . ... ... ... ... ...
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other
photographic equipment, including memory cards. . ... ... ... ... ...
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. . ... ... ... ... ...
Bird food. . 37,613 60 318 50 118
Food for other wildlife. . *8,655 *14 *84 *13 *103
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . *13,964 *22 *272 *43 *51
Other equipment. . ... ... ... ... ...
Auxiliary equipment4 . ... ... ... ... ...
Special equipment5. . ... ... ... ... ...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. . *3,093 *5 *92 *15 *34
Membership dues and contributions. . ... ... ... ... ...
Land leasing and ownership. . ... ... ... ... ...
Plantings. . *8,872 *14 *87 *14 *102
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Mississippi Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure Item Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
IN MISSISSIPPI
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,295 451 641 459
Trip-related expenditures3.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . *41,280 *101 *409 *371
Wildlife-watching equipment4 . 105,794 421 251 168
Auxiliary equipment5 . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ...
Other7 . *13,247 *115 *115 *21
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *59,914 *83 *721 ...
Trip-related expenditures3.  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   . ... ... ... ...
Wildlife-watching equipment4 . ... ... ... ...
Auxiliary equipment5 . ... ... ... ...
Special equipment6. . ... ... ... ...
Other7 . ... ... ... ...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.    … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both
away-from-home and around-the-home participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and
packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment.
5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 35. Participation of Mississippi Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting:
2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Total wildlife watchers
Wildife-watching activity
Away from home Around the home
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total participants . 630 100 *135 *100 620 100
Wildlife-watching participants who:
Did not fish or hunt. . 317 50 *31 *23 315 51
Fished or hunted. . 313 50 *104 *77 305 49
Fished. . 261 41 *99 *73 *254 *41
Hunted. . *246 *39 *91 *67 *239 *39
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
 
 
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 41
Table 36. Participation of Mississippi Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Sportspersons Anglers Hunters
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total sportspersons. . 700 100 603 100 436 100
Sportspersons who:
Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities. . 387 55 342 57 190 44
Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. . 313 45 261 43 *246 *56
  Away from home. . *104 *15 *99 *16 *91 *21
  Around the home. . 305 44 *254 *42 *239 *55
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
 
 
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
State reports for previous Surveys included tables that had estimates for all fifty states. In order to expedite release of the 2011 Mississippi State report, state
estimates have been deleted. To find state estimates other than Mississippi, go to http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/reports2011.html.
State reports are being released alphabetically, beginning in early 2013.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 43
Appendix A
44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Annual household income—Total
2011 income of household members
before taxes and other deductions.
Around-the-home wildlife
watching—Activity within 1 mile of
home with one of six primary purposes:
(1) taking special interest in or trying
to identify birds or other wildlife; (2)
photographing wildlife; (3) feeding
birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining
natural areas of at least one-quarter
acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5)
maintaining plantings (such as shrubs
and agricultural crops) for the benefit
of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and
natural areas to observe, photograph, or
feed wildlife.
Auxiliary equipment—Equipment
owned primarily for wildlife-associated
recreation. For the sportspersons
section, these include sleeping bags,
packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars
and field glasses, special fishing and
hunting clothing, foul weather gear,
boots and waders, maintenance and
repair of equipment, and processing
and taxidermy costs. For the wildlife-watching
section, these include tents,
tarps, frame packs, backpacking and
other camping equipment, and blinds.
For both sportspersons and wildlife
watchers, it also includes electronic
auxiliary equipment such as Global
Positioning Systems.
Away-from-home wildlife watching—
Trips or outings at least 1 mile from
home for the primary purpose of
observing, photographing, or feeding
wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquar-iums,
and museums are not included.
Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose,
wild turkey, and similar large animals
that are hunted.
Census Divisions
East North Central
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
East South Central
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Mountain
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
New England
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Pacific
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
South Atlantic
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
West Virginia
West North Central
Kansas
Iowa
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Day—Any part of a day spent partici-pating
in a given activity. For example,
if someone hunted two hours one day
and three hours another day, it would
be reported as two days of hunting.
If someone hunted two hours in the
morning and three hours in the after-noon
of the same day, it would be
considered one day of hunting.
Education—The highest completed
grade of school or year of college.
Expenditures—Money spent in 2011
for wildlife-related recreation trips
in the United States, wildlife-related
recreational equipment purchased in
the United States, and other items. The
“other items” were books, magazines,
and DVDs; membership dues and
contributions, land leasing or owning;
hunting and fishing licenses; and plant-ings,
all for the purpose of wildlife-related
recreation. Expenditures
included both money spent by partici-pants
for themselves and the value of
gifts they received.
Appendix A.
Definitions
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi 45
Fishing—The sport of catching or
attempting to catch fish with a hook
and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it
also includes catching or gathering
shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the
noncommercial seining or netting
of fish, unless the fish are for use as
bait. For example, seining for smelt is
fishing, but seining for bait minnows is
not included as fishing.
Fishing equipment—Items owned
primarily for fishing:
Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking
components
Lines and leaders
Artificial lures, flies, baits, and
dressing for flies or lines
Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other
items attached to a line, except lures
and baits
Tackle boxes
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing
nets, and gaff hooks
Minnow traps, seines, and bait
containers
Depth finders, fish finders, and other
electronic fishing devices
Ice fishing equipment
Other fishing equipment
Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds,
and the nontidal portions of rivers and
streams.
Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes
Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair,
Erie, and Ontario, their connecting
waters such as the St. Mary’s River
system, Detroit River, St. Clair River,
and the Niagara River, and the St.
Lawrence River south of the bridge
at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes
fishing includes fishing in tributaries of
the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead,
and salmon.
Home—The starting point of a wild-life-
related recreational trip. It may be a
permanent residence or a temporary or
seasonal residence such as a cabin.
Hunting—The sport of shooting or
attempting to shoot wildlife with fire-arms
or archery equipment.
Hunting equipment—Items owned
primarily for hunting:
Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and
handguns
Archery equipment
Telescopic sights
Decoys and game calls
Ammunition
Hand loading equipment
Hunting dogs and associated costs
Other hunting equipment
Land leasing and owning—Leasing
or owning land either singly or in
cooperation with others for the primary
purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife
watching on it.
Maintain natural areas—To set aside
1/4 acre or more of natural environ-ment,
such as wood lots or open fields,
for the primary purpose of benefiting
wildlife.
Maintain plantings—To introduce
or encourage the growth of food and
cover plants for the primary purpose of
benefiting wildlife.
Metropolitan Statistical Area
(MSA)—A Metropolitan Statis-tical
Area is a grouping of one or more
counties or equivalent entities that
contain at least one urbanized area
of 50,000 or more inhabitants. The
“Outside MSA” classification include
census-defined Micropolitan Statistical
Areas (or Micro areas). A Micro area
is defined as a grouping of one or more
counties or equivalent entities that
contain at least one urban cluster of at
least 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhab-itants.
Refer to <www.census.gov
/population/metro/about/>, for a more
detailed definition of the Metropolitan
Statistical Area.
Migratory birds—Birds that regularly
migrate from one region or climate to
another such as ducks, geese, and doves
and other birds that may be hunted.
Multiple responses—The term used
to reflect the fact that individuals or
their characteristics fall into more than
one reporting category. An example
of a big game hunter who hunted for
deer and elk demonstrates the effect of
multiple responses. In this case, adding
the number of deer hunters (one) and
elk hunters (one) would overstate the
number of big game hunters (one)
because deer and elk hunters are not
mutually exclusive categories. In
contrast, for example, total participants
is the sum of male and female partici-pants,
because “male” and “female” are
mutually exclusive categories.
Nonresidents—Individuals who do
not live in the State being reported.
For example, a person living in Texas
who watches whales in California is
a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in
California.
Nonresponse—A term used to reflect
the fact that some Survey respondents
provide incomplete sets of informa-tion.
For example, a Survey respondent
may have been unable to identify the
primary type of hunting for which a
gun was bought. Total hunting expen-diture
estimates will include the gun
purchase, but it will not appear as
spending for big game or any other
type of hunting. Nonresponses result in
reported totals that are greater than the
sum of their parts.
Observe—To take special interest in
or try to identify birds, fish or other
wildlife.
Other animals—Coyotes, crows,
foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs,
raccoons, alligators, and similar
animals that can be legally hunted and
are not classified as big game, small
game, or migratory birds. They may
be classified as unprotected or preda-tory
animals by the State in which they
are hunted. Feral pigs are classified
as “other animals” in all States except
Hawaii, where they are considered big
game.
Participants—Individuals who engage
in fishing, hunting, or a wildlife-watching
activity. Unless otherwise
stated, a person has to have hunted,
fished, or wildlife watched in 2011 to
be considered a participant.
Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.”
Primary purpose—The principal
motivation for an activity, trip, or
expenditure.
Private land—Land owned by a busi-ness,
nongovernmental organization,
private individual, or a group of indi-viduals
such as an association or club.
Public land—Land that is owned by
local governments (such as county
parks and municipal watersheds),
46 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Mississippi U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
State governments (such as State parks
and wildlife management areas), or the
federal government (such as National
Forests, Recreational Areas, and Wild-life
Refuges).
Residents—Individuals who lived in
the State being reported. For example,
a person who lives in California and
watches whales in California is a resi-dential
wildlife watcher in California.
Rural—All territory, population, and
housing units located outside of urban-ized
areas and urban clusters, as deter-mined
by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and
sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers
and streams.
Screening interviews—The first
Survey contact with a sample house-hold.
Screening interviews are
conducted with a household repre-sentative
to identify responden