2011 National survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation Missouri

              MissouriU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated RecreationBaitU.S. Department of the Interior
Ken Salazar,
Secretary
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. Department of Commerce
Rebecca M. Blank,
Acting Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Vacant,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Senior Adviser Performing the Duties
of the Director
FHW/11-MO
Issued April 2013
2011 National Survey of
Fishing, Hunting, and
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Bait
Missouri
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi­bilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities.
The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide finan­cial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Senior Adviser Performing the Duties
of the Director
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration
Hannibal Bolton,
Assistant Director
U.S. Department of the Interior
Ken Salazar,
Secretary
Economics and Statistics
Administration
Vacant,
Under Secretary for
Economic AffairsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri iii
Contents
List of Tables. . iv
Foreword. . vi
Survey Background and Method. . vii
Highlights
Introduction. . 2
Summary. . 4
Wildlife-Related Recreation. . 5
Sportspersons. . 6
Anglers. . 7
Hunters. . 9
Wildlife Watchers. . 11
2001–2011 Comparison. . 13
Tables
Guide to Statistical Tables. . 16
Fishing and Hunting Tables. . 17
Wildlife-Watching Tables. . 33
Appendixes
A. Definitions. . 44
B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews. . 48
C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends. . 54
D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy. . 64iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
List of Tables
Fishing and Hunting
1. Fishing and Hunting in Missouri by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011. . 17
2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Missouri by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 17
3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011. . 18
4. Missouri Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011. . 18
5. Missouri Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 18
6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011. . 19
7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Missouri by Type of Fish: 2011. . 19
8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Missouri: 2011. . 20
9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Missouri by Type of Fish: 2011. . 20
10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Missouri: 2011. . 21
11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Missouri by Type of Fish: 2011. . 21
12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Missouri by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 22
13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Missouri by Type of Game: 2011. . 22
14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Missouri by Type of Land: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
15. Selected Characteristics of Missouri Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011. . 24
16. Summary of Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined
for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 25
17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011. . 26
18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 27
19. Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011. . 28
20. Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011. . 29
21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Missouri for Fishing and Hunting by Missouri Residents
and Nonresidents: 2011. . 30
22. Summary of Missouri Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and
Outside Missouri: 2011. . 31
23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Missouri Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 32
Wildlife Watching
24. Wildlife Watching in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011. . 33
25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Missouri: 2011. . 33
26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed,
or Fed in Missouri: 2011. . 34
27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Missouri: 2011. . 34
28. Missouri Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011. . 35
29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 35U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri v
30. Selected Characteristics of Missouri Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 36
31. Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 37
32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Missouri for Wildlife Watching by
Missouri Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 38
33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Missouri by Missouri Residents: 2011. . .. 39
34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Missouri Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 40
35. Participation of Missouri Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 40
36. Participation of Missouri Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011. . .. 41vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
When I was growing up, it was taken as a matter of faith that kids belonged outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and during those long, hot Atlanta summers, it was common for our mom to holler, “You boys get outside, and don’t come back ‘til it’s dark.” It never occurred to me or my brothers to do anything else in our spare time but explore the world around us. The truth is, we had little else to do. But those experiences – waking up on frosty mornings and starting the campfire, scanning trees for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel in the dawn light, scouring creek beds for crawdads and other fishing bait, or simply of the fun we had tramping through the forest – shaped who I am, and drew me to a career in conserva­tion.
That’s why I’m excited by this 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This report, the 12th in a series that began in 1955, documents a significant resurgence in the number of people embracing America’s Great Outdoors.
Hunting participation has increased by 9 percent, while angling participation grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent of Americans participated in wildlife-related recreation, an increase of 2.6 million participants from the 2006 Survey.
In addition, wildlife-related recre­ation is a major driver of the nation’s economy. The 2011 Survey estimates that Americans spent $145 billion on related gear, trips, licenses, land acqui­sition or leases, and other purchases, representing about one percent of the nation’s gross domestic product. This spending creates thousands of jobs, supports countless local communities and provides vital funding for conser­vation.
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restora­tion Program, a cornerstone of wildlife conservation in the United States. Through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery and angling equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has distributed over $14 billion for State and territorial wildlife conser­vation programs.
This report would not have been possible without the combined efforts of state wildlife agencies – which provided financial support through the Multi-State Conservation Grant Programs – the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and a number of major national conservation organiza­tions. We also owe our gratitude to the thousands of survey respondents from households across America. Because
of you, this Survey is the nation’s definitive wildlife-related recreation database and information source concerning participation and purchases associated with hunting, fishing and other forms of wildlife-associated recreation nationwide.
The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi­cated to connecting people and families with nature. We are proud to celebrate the good news in this report, and we look forward to continuing progress as we work with the States, and all our partners and the public to help keep recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching growing and going strong.
Dan Ashe
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
ForewordU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri vii
Survey Background and Method
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wild­life watchers, how often they partici­pate, and how much they spend on their activities in the United States.
Preparations for the 2011 Survey began in 2008 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to coordinate the twelfth National Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as amended.
Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey plan­ning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives.
We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the American Sportfishing Association and National Shooting Sports Foundation to deter­mine survey content. Other sportsper­sons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice.
Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2011. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 48,600 households nationwide, to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2010, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2011. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2010 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2011 activities. For more information on the 2010 data, refer to Appendix B.
The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2011 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2011, and the last in January 2012. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expendi­tures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 11,330 anglers and hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D.
Comparability With
Previous Surveys
The 2011 Survey’s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable.
The methodology for these Surveys differs significantly from the 1955 to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in meth­odology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods.Highlights
2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from inter­views with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2011 participa­tion and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older.
The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activi­ties in the State in 2011. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected in the Survey’s household screen phase, we can estimate that about 51 percent more anglers and 44 percent more hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years prior to the screen survey year 2010.
In addition to 2011 estimates, we also provide trend information in the High­lights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2011 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports because they used similar methodolo­gies. The 2011 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted prior to 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy.
The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey.
This report does not provide infor­mation about the State’s wildlife resources. That, and additional infor­mation on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s website is www.fishwildlife.org.
Additionally, this report does not provide information about the State’s number of licensed anglers and hunters. Historical license data can be found at wsfrprograms.fws.gov.
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Wildlife-related recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activi­ties. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-related recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photo­graphing, and feeding fish or wildlife.
Fishing and Hunting
This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters.
Sportspersons
Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2011 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups shown in the diagram below: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted.
The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice.
Anglers
Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing.
SportspersonsAnglersHuntersFished onlyFishedandhuntedHuntedonly
IntroductionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 3
Hunters
Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns, but also those who have no license and those who engage in hunting with archery equipment, muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms, or pistols or handguns.
Four types of hunting are reported:
(1) big game, (2) small game,
(3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters partici­pated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters.
Wildlife Watchers
Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlife-watching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the National Surveys since 1991 have collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife).
The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wild­life around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included.
Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residen­tial) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of partici­pants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. Only those engaged in activities whose primary purpose was wildlife watching are included in the Survey. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are defined below.
Away-From-Home
This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities.
Around-The-Home
This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to iden­tify birds or other wildlife; (2) photo­graphing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern;
(5) maintaining plantings (shrubs,
agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit
to wildlife is the primary concern; or
(6) visiting parks and natural areas within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife.4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing. .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants.
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home. .
Average days of participation
away from home. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing. .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants.
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home. .
Average days of participation
away from home. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Activities in Missouri by Residents and Nonresidents
Activities by Missouri Residents Both Inside and Outside Missouri
2011 Missouri Summary
1,071,000
14,865,000
14
$657,024,000
$374,215,000
$282,809,000
$550
$25
576,000
10,087,000
17
$906,888,000
$308,718,000
$598,170,000
$1,488
$31
1,716,000
579,000
1,538,000
8,200,000
14
$940,818,000
$210,934,000
$729,884,000
$512
$26
870,000
14,418,000
17
$504,652,000
$291,793,000
$212,859,000
$580
$20
495,000
9,437,000
19
$772,614,000
$190,931,000
$581,683,000
$1,562
$20
1,645,000
622,000
1,538,000
9,573,000
15
$1,182,836,000
$427,866,000
$754,969,000
$719
$45U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 5
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Participation in Missouri
The 2011 Survey found that 2.5 million Missouri residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Missouri. Of the total number of participants, 1.1 million fished, 576 thousand hunted, and 1.7 million participated in wildlife-watching activities, which includes observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many of the individuals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity.
Participation in 2011 by 6- to 15-Year-Old Missouri Residents
The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2010. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old participants to participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2010 and 2011. Based on this assumption, in addi­tion to the 870 thousand resident anglers 16 years old or older in Missouri, there were 282 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 495 thousand Missourians 16 years old and older and 66 thousand Missourians 6 to 15 years old who hunted. Finally, there were 1.6 million Missourians 16 years old and older and 296 thousand Missourians 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Information on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B.
Expenditures in Missouri
In 2011, state residents and nonresidents spent $2.7 billion on wildlife recreation in Missouri. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $894 million and equipment expenditures totaled $1.4 billion. The remaining $389 million was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items.
Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Missouri: 2011
(U.S. residents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
.
Sportspersons
Total. .
Anglers. .
Hunters. .
.
Wildlife Watchers
Total. .
Away from home. .
Around the home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Tables 1 and 24.
Percent of Total Participantsby Activity(Total: 2.5 million participants)WildlifeWatchingHuntingFishing 43%23%69%Wildlife-RelatedRecreation Expenditures in Missouri(Total: $2.7 billion)Trip-related 33%Equipment52%Other15%Percent of Total Residential Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Activity: 2010(Total: 466 thousand participants)WildlifeWatchingHuntingFishing 77%73%15%
2.5 million
1.3 million
1.1 million
576 thousand
1.7 million
579 thousand
1.5 million
6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Sportspersons
In 2011, 1.3 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Missouri. This group was comprised of 1.1 million anglers (84 percent of all sportspersons) and 576 thousand hunters (45 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 1.3 million sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 701 thousand (55 percent) fished but did not hunt in Missouri. Another 206 thousand (16 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 371 thousand (29 percent) fished and hunted in Missouri in 2011.
Sportspersons’ Participation in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
.
Anglers. .
Fished only. .
Fished and hunted. .
.
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hunted only. .
Hunted and fished. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 1.
1.3 million
1.1 million
701 thousand
371 thousand
576 thousand
206 thousand
371 thousandU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 7
Anglers
Participants and Days of Fishing
In 2011, 1.1 million state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Missouri. Of this total, 827 thousand anglers (77 percent) were state residents and 244 thousand anglers (23 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 14.9 million days in Missouri—an average of 14 days per angler. State residents fished 13.3 million days—89 percent of all fishing days in Missouri. Nonresidents fished 1.6 million days in Missouri—11 percent of all fishing days in the state.
A large majority of Missouri residents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 870 thousand Missouri residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2011 for a total of 14.4 million days. An estimated 95 percent of all Missouri residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by Missouri residents, 92 percent or 13.3 million were in their home state. For further details about fishing in Missouri, see Table 3
.
Anglers in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Anglers. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of fishing. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Missouri anglers. .
In Missouri. .
In other states. .
.
Days of fishing. .
In Missouri. .
In other states. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
1.1 million
827 thousand
244 thousand
14.9 million
13.3 million
1.6 million
870 thousand
827 thousand
122 thousand
14.4 million
13.3 million
1.2 million8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing Expenditures in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Fishing. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 19.
Fishing Expenditures in Missouri
All fishing-related expenditures in Missouri totaled $657 million in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging, transportation, and other expenses totaled $374 million—57 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $147 million and transportation expenditures were $146 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $81 million. Each angler spent an average of $349 on trip-related costs during 2011.
Anglers spent $263 million on equip­ment in Missouri in 2011, 40 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equip­ment (rods, reels, lines, etc.) spending totaled $144 million—55 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothing, etc.) and special equip­ment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $119 million—45 percent of the equipment total. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $20 million—3 percent of all fishing expenditures. For more details about fishing expendi­tures in Missouri, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23.
Fishing Expenditures in Missouri(Total: $657 million)Equipment 40%Trip-related57%Other3%Percent of Anglers by Residence(Total: 1.1 million participants)NonresidentsResidents77%23%
$657 million
$374 million
$263 million
$144 million
$119 million
$20 millionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 9
Hunters
Participants and Days of Hunting
In 2011, there were 576 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Missouri. Resident hunters numbered 477 thou­sand, accounting for 83 percent of the hunters in Missouri. There were 100 thousand nonresidents who hunted in Missouri—17 percent of the State’s hunters. Residents and nonresidents hunted 10.1 million days in 2011, an average of 17 days per hunter. Residents hunted 9.2 million days in Missouri or 91 percent of all hunting days, while nonresidents spent 932 thousand days in Missouri or 9 percent of all hunting days.
There were 495 thousand Missouri residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2011 for a total of 9.4 million days. An estimated 96 percent of all Missouri residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Missouri residents, 97 percent or 9.2 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. For further information on hunting activities by Missouri residents, see Table 3.
Hunters in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of hunting. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
Source: Table 3.
576 thousand
477 thousand
100 thousand
10.1 million
9.2 million
932 thousand
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Missouri hunters. .
In Missouri. .
In other states. .
.
Days of hunting. .
In Missouri. .
In other states. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
495 thousand
477 thousand
67 thousand
9.4 million
9.2 million
562 thousand10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Hunting Expenditures in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Hunting. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 20.
Hunting Expenditures in Missouri
All hunting-related expenditures in Missouri totaled $907 million in 2011. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transporta­tion, and other trip expenses, totaled $309 million—34 percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $124 million and transportation expenditures were $142 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $42 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $536.
Hunters spent $356 million on equip­ment—39 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $265 million and made up 75 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $91 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 25 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing, and ownership, cost hunters $242 million—27 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Missouri, see Tables 20 through 23.
Hunting Expenditures in Missouri(Total: $907 million)Equipment 39%Trip-related34%Other27%Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting All huntingBig game Small gameMigratory birdsOther animals$536$352$369$459......$31$20$42$54Trip expenditures per hunter:... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.Trip expenditures per day:
$907 million
$309 million
$356 million
$265 million
$91 million
$242 million
Percent of Hunters by Residence(Total: 576 thousand participants)NonresidentsResidents83%17%U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 11
Participants and Days of Activity
In 2011, 1.7 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Missouri. Most of them, 90 percent (1.5 million), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People participating in away-from-home activities in Missouri in 2011 numbered 579 thousand—34 percent of all wildlife watchers in Missouri. Of the 579 thousand, 465 thousand were state residents and 114 thousand were nonresidents.
Missourians 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife watching within their state totaled 465 thousand. Of this group, 441 thousand participants observed wildlife, 122 thousand fed wildlife, and 196 thou­sand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one of the away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number away-from-home participants.
Missourians spent 7.8 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. They spent 6.0 million days observing, 2.6 million days feeding, and 1.1 million days photographing wildlife. For further details about away-from-home activities, see Table 25.
Missouri residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2011, 1.5 million state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within one mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 1.3 million fed, 962 thousand observed, and 565 thousand photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 94 thousand participants maintained natural areas of one-quarter acre or more for wildlife; 228 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife; and 311 thousand participants visited parks or natural areas within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an estimate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 33 percent of Missourian around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Missouri residents partici­pating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27.
Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 25.
579 thousand
552 thousand
251 thousand
128 thousand
8.2 million
6.3 million
1.2 million
2.6 million
Wildlife Watchers
Wildlife-Watching Participants in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 24.
Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Missouri
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Maintain natural areas. .
Maintain plantings. .
Visit parks and natural areas. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 27.
1.7 million
1.5 million
579 thousand
1.5 million
1.3 million
962 thousand
565 thousand
94 thousand
228 thousand
311 thousand12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Wild Bird Observers in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
.
Days, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 29.
Wild Bird Observers
Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Missouri. In 2011, 1.1 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A majority, 81 percent (900 thousand), observed wild birds around the home while 44 percent (491 thousand) took trips away from home to watch birds.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Missouri
Wildlife watchers spent $941 million on wildlife-watching activities in Missouri in 2011. Trip-related expendi­tures, including food and lodging ($102 million), transportation ($105 million), and other trip expenses ($4 million), such as equipment rental, amounted to $211 million. This summation comprised 22 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average of the trip-related expendi­tures for away-from-home participants was $281 per person in 2011.
Wildlife-watching participants spent nearly $607 million on equipment—64 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equip­ment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $385 million, 64 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $221 million—36 percent of all equip­ment costs. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but could be used in activities other than wildlife watching.
Other items purchased by wildlife-watching participants, such as maga­zines, membership dues and contribu­tions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $123 million—13 percent of all wildlife-watching expen­ditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Missouri, see Table 31.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Missouri(Total: $941 million)Equipment 64%Trip-related22%Other13%Away-From-Home Activity by Around-The-Home Participants(Total: 1.5 million participants)Both aroundthe homeand awayfrom homeAround thehome only67%33%
1.1 million
900 thousand
491 thousand
117.5 million
111.7 million
5.8 million
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Missouri
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Wildlife watching. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 31.
$941 million
$211 million
$607 million
$385 million
$221 million
$123 millionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 13
Comparing the estimates from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildlife-related recreation in the early twenty-first century in Missouri. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here.
The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the esti­mates. A 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of the two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different.
The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Missouri residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state esti­mates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity if U.S. residents in Missouri.
The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all estimates are in 2011 dollars.
2001–2011 Comparison
Missouri 2001 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2001 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Hunting
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . .. .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. .
Observers. .
Feeders. .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
1,215
1,071
NS–12
13,279
14,865
NS12
$946,895
$657,024
NS–31
982
870
NS–11
$962,663
$504,652
–48
489
576
NS18
6,606
10,087
NS53
$539,485
$906,888
NS68
413
495
NS20
$623,327
$772,614
NS24
738
579
NS–22
12,448
8,200
NS–34
581
622
NS7
1,514
1,538
NS2
1,003
962
NS–4
1,372
1,324
NS–3
$569,976
$940,818
NS65
$618,603
$1,182,836
NS9114 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Missouri: 2001–2011(In thousands)1,2151,0764896081,071576Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Missouri: 2001–2011(In thousands)Around the homeAway from home2011200620012011200620011,5147381,9668421,538579Total Expenditures by Participants in Missouri (In millions of 2011 dollars)AnglersHuntersWildlife Watchers2011200620019475395701,2201,279970657907941AnglersHunters
Missouri 2006 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2006 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Hunting
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . .. .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. .
Observers. .
Feeders. .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
1,076
1,071
0
16,569
14,865
NS–10
$1,219,765
$657,024
–46
931
870
NS–7
$1,151,928
$504,652
–56
608
576
NS–5
9,714
10,087
NS4
$1,278,939
$906,888
NS–29
560
495
NS–12
$1,146,673
$772,614
NS–33
842
579
NS–31
14,757
8,200
NS–44
709
622
NS–12
1,966
1,538
–22
1,300
962
–26
1,684
1,324
–21
$969,687
$940,818
NS–3
$1,089,652
$1,182,836
NS9Tables
16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Guide to Statistical Tables
Purpose and Coverage of Tables
The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A.
The tables are based on responses to the 2011 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wi­ldlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter­viewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include partici­pation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States.
Comparability With Previous Surveys
The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2011 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided.
Coverage of an Individual Table
Since the Survey covers many activi­ties in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi­cates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species.
Percentages Reported in the Tables
Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories.
Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game.
When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total popu­lation who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages.
Footnotes to the Tables
Footnotes are used to clarify the infor­mation or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear:
* Estimate based on a sample size
of 10–29.
... Sample size too small to report
data reliably.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
X Not applicable.
NA Not available.
Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently:
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and no­nresponse.
“Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 5 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and fresh­water appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all fishing” row. Simi­larly, in Table 12, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist.
“Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered volun­tarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 17
Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Missouri by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of sportspersons
Number
Percent of
resident
sportspersons
Number
Percent of
nonresident sportspersons
Total sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
1,277
100
951
100
327
100
Total anglers. .
1,071
84
827
87
244
75
Fished only. .
701
55
474
50
227
69
Fished and hunted. . .
371
29
353
37
...
...
Total hunters. .
576
45
477
50
*100
*31
Hunted only. .
206
16
123
13
*82
*25
Hunted and fished. . .
371
29
353
37
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Missouri by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
1,071
100
14,865
100
12,932
100
Total, all freshwater. .
1,071
100
14,865
100
12,932
100
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
1,071
100
14,865
100
12,932
100
Great Lakes. .
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Saltwater. .
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
576
100
10,087
100
7,779
100
Big game. .
464
80
8,386
83
5,747
74
Small game. .
146
25
1,298
13
936
12
Migratory birds. .
*99
*17
*848
*8
*736
*9
Other animals. .
*45
*8
*629
*6
*361
*5
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and hunters, trips and
days of participation
Activity in Missouri
Activity by Missouri residents in United States
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Total, in state of residence and in other states
In state of
residence
In other states
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total anglers. .
1,071
100
827
77
244
23
870
100
827
95
122
14
Total trips. .
12,932
100
12,262
95
670
5
12,931
100
12,262
95
669
5
Total days of fishing. .
14,865
100
13,263
89
1,603
11
14,418
100
13,263
92
1,185
8
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
(X)
16
(X)
7
(X)
17
(X)
16
(X)
10
(X)
HUNTING
Total hunters. .
576
100
477
83
*100
*17
495
100
477
96
*67
*14
Total trips. .
7,779
100
6,968
90
*811
*10
7,338
100
6,968
95
*369
*5
Total days of hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10,087
100
9,154
91
*932
*9
9,437
100
9,154
97
*562
*6
Average days of hunting. .
17
(X)
19
(X)
*9
(X)
19
(X)
19
(X)
*8
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 4. Missouri Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Place fished or hunted
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all places. .
870
100
495
100
In-state only. .
744
86
428
86
In-state and other states. .
*84
*10
*49
*10
In other states only. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 5. Missouri Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
870
100
14,418
100
12,931
100
Total, all freshwater. .
851
98
14,035
97
12,807
99
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
851
98
14,027
97
12,805
99
Great Lakes. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Saltwater. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
495
100
9,437
100
7,338
100
Big game. .
396
80
7,720
82
5,338
73
Small game. .
147
30
1,359
14
973
13
Migratory birds. .
*99
*20
*848
*9
*736
*10
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 19
Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Missouri
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total anglers. .
1,071
100
827
77
244
23
Total trips. .
12,932
100
12,262
95
670
5
Total days of fishing. .
14,865
100
13,263
89
1,603
11
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
(X)
16
(X)
7
(X)
ANGLERS
Total, all types of water. .
1,071
100
827
77
244
23
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
827
100
713
86
*113
*14
Rivers or streams. .
.. 516
100
368
71
*148
*29
DAYS
Total, all types of water. .
14,865
100
13,263
89
1,603
11
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
11,032
100
10,133
92
*899
*8
Rivers or streams. .
.. 4,441
100
3,712
84
*729
*16
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Missouri by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Missouri
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total types
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish. .
1,071
100
100
827
77
244
23
Crappie. .
343
32
100
311
91
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
262
24
100
249
95
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
157
15
100
146
93
...
...
Black bass. .
458
43
100
394
86
*64
*14
Catfish, bullheads. .
346
32
100
305
88
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trout. .
227
21
100
*121
*53
*106
*47
Salmon. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*135
*13
*100
*126
*93
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish. .
14,865
100
100
13,263
89
1,603
11
Crappie. .
4,748
32
100
4,500
95
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,653
18
100
2,521
95
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
1,177
8
100
1,115
95
...
...
Black bass. .
6,646
45
100
6,008
90
*637
*10
Catfish, bullheads. .
4,838
33
100
4,609
95
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trout. .
1,431
10
100
*916
*64
*515
*36
Salmon. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*1,031
*7
*100
*946
*92
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Missouri: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Missouri by Type of Fish: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 21
Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Missouri: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Missouri by Type of Fish: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Missouri by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters, trips, and days of hunting
Activity in Missouri
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all hunting. .
576
100
477
83
*100
*17
Big game. .
464
100
393
85
*70
*15
Small game. .
146
100
120
82
...
...
Migratory birds. .
*99
*100
*99
*100
...
...
Other animals. .
*45
*100
...
...
...
...
TRIPS
Total, all hunting. .
7,779
100
6,968
90
*811
*10
Big game. .
5,747
100
5,035
88
*711
*12
Small game. .
936
100
909
97
...
...
Migratory birds. .
*736
*100
*736
*100
...
...
Other animals. .
*361
*100
...
...
...
...
DAYS
Total, all hunting. .
10,087
100
9,154
91
*932
*9
Big game. .
8,386
100
7,571
90
*816
*10
Small game. .
1,298
100
1,224
94
...
...
Migratory birds. .
*848
*100
*848
*100
...
...
Other animals. .
*629
*100
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Missouri by Type of Game: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of game
Hunters, state residents and nonresidents
Days of hunting
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all types of game. .
576
100
10,087
100
Big game, total. .
464
80
8,386
83
Deer. .
449
78
7,295
72
Elk. .
...
...
...
...
Bear. .
...
...
...
...
W
ild turkey. .
111
19
1,089
11
Other big game. .
...
...
...
...
Small game, total. .
146
25
1,298
13
Rabbit, hare. .
*70
*12
*550
*5
Quail. .
...
...
...
...
Grouse/prairie chicken. .
...
...
...
...
Squirrel. .
87
15
915
9
Pheasant. .
...
...
...
...
Other small game. .
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds, total. .
*99
*17
*848
*8
W
aterfowl. .
*37
*6
*422
*4
Geese. .
...
...
...
...
Ducks. .
*37
*6
*263
*3
Doves. .
*73
*13
*418
*4
Other migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
Other animals, total1. .
*45
*8
*629
*6
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 23
Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Missouri by Type of Land: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters and days of hunting
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all types of land. .
576
100
477
100
*100
*100
Public land, total. .
136
24
126
26
...
...
Public land only. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Public and private land. .
*117
*20
*117
*25
...
...
Private land, total. .
550
95
461
97
*89
*90
Private land only. .
433
75
343
72
*89
*90
Private and public land. .
*117
*20
*117
*25
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of land. .
10,087
100
9,154
100
*932
*100
Public land1. .
1,442
14
1,400
15
...
...
Private land2. .
8,843
88
7,912
86
*931
*100
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land.
2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Missouri Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Sportspersons
(fished or hunted)
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
of
sports-
persons
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of anglers
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of
hunters
Total persons. .
4,667
100
1,001
21
100
870
19
100
495
11
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
3,085
66
512
17
51
431
14
50
214
7
43
Rural. .
1,583
34
489
31
49
439
28
50
281
18
57
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
3,791
81
640
17
64
547
14
63
292
8
59
1,000,000 or more. .
2,425
52
411
17
41
345
14
40
172
7
35
250,000 to 999,999. .
255
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
50,000 to 249,999. .
1,111
24
207
19
21
184
17
21
*107
*10
*22
Outside MSA. .
876
19
361
41
36
323
37
37
203
23
41
Sex
Male. .
2,240
48
719
32
72
590
26
68
446
20
90
Female. .
2,427
52
282
12
28
280
12
32
*49
*2
*10
Age
16 to 17 years. .
159
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
456
10
*129
*28
*13
*129
*28
*15
*62
*14
*12
25 to 34 years. .
683
15
*116
*17
*12
*108
*16
*12
*57
*8
*12
35 to 44 years. .
836
18
223
27
22
186
22
21
*100
*12
*20
45 to 54 years. .
909
19
225
25
22
202
22
23
125
14
25
55 to 64 years. .
832
18
150
18
15
101
12
12
*81
*10
*16
65 years and older. .
792
17
132
17
13
*117
*15
*13
*50
*6
*10
65 to 74 years. .
450
10
*85
*19
*8
*78
*17
*9
*38
*8
*8
75 and older. .
342
7
*47
*14
*5
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
*84
*2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
4,584
98
989
22
99
857
19
99
492
11
100
Race
White. .
4,044
87
942
23
94
814
20
94
491
12
99
African American. .
445
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
178
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
582
12
*75
*13
*7
*69
*12
*8
...
...
...
$20,000 to $29,999. .
388
8
*60
*15
*6
*53
*14
*6
...
...
...
$30,000 to $39,999. .
499
11
*113
*23
*11
*109
*22
*13
*34
*7
*7
$40,000 to $49,999. .
409
9
*138
*34
*14
*135
*33
*16
*79
*19
*16
$50,000 to $74,999. .
522
11
149
29
15
138
26
16
*63
*12
*13
$75,000 to $99,999. .
532
11
*162
*30
*16
*129
*24
*15
*116
*22
*23
$100,000 to $149,999. .
512
11
*136
*27
*14
*117
*23
*13
*55
*11
*11
$150,000 or more. .
138
3
*32
*23
*3
*30
*21
*3
...
...
...
Not reported. .
1,085
23
137
13
14
*90
*8
*10
*76
*7
*15
Education
11 years or less. .
492
11
114
23
11
*105
*21
*12
*53
*11
*11
12 years. .
1,885
40
383
20
38
328
17
38
192
10
39
1 to 3 years of college. .
956
20
241
25
24
217
23
25
*152
*16
*31
4 years or more of college. .
1,335
29
264
20
26
220
16
25
*97
*7
*20
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 25
Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
1,740,608
1,600
1,088
1,271
Food and lodging. .
270,953
1,047
259
212
Transportation. .
288,462
1,040
277
226
Other trip costs2. .
123,518
836
148
97
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
412,546
1,098
376
263
Auxiliary equipment3. .
62,948
279
225
44
Special equipment4. .
*316,235
*77
*4,082
*225
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
4,107
148
28
*3
Membership dues and contributions. .
*9,413
*101
*94
*7
Other5. .
252,428
890
284
195
FISHING
Total. .
657,024
1,148
573
550
Food and lodging. .
146,842
805
182
137
Transportation. .
146,217
815
179
136
Other trip costs2. .
81,157
746
109
76
Fishing equipment. .
143,930
679
212
101
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*8,061
*67
*121
*6
Special equipment4. .
*110,948
*38
*2,955
*77
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*1,625
*79
*20
*1
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
17,280
605
29
16
HUNTING
Total. .
906,888
773
1,172
1,488
Food and lodging. .
124,111
466
266
215
Transportation. .
142,245
483
295
247
Other trip costs2. .
42,362
140
302
73
Hunting equipment. .
265,218
634
418
389
Auxiliary equipment3. .
38,051
157
243
59
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
...
...
...
...
Membership dues and contributions. .
*6,284
*40
*158
*11
Other5. .
235,148
369
637
401
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
171,521
144
1,190
133
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair
of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
angler (dollars)1
ALL FISHING
Total. .
637,154
1,111
573
533
Food and lodging. .
146,842
805
182
137
Transportation. .
146,217
815
179
136
Other trip costs. .
81,157
746
109
76
Equipment. .
262,939
690
381
183
ALL FRESHWATER
Total. .
618,381
1,080
573
523
Food and lodging. .
146,842
805
182
137
Transportation. .
143,630
815
176
134
Other trip costs. .
81,157
746
109
76
Equipment. .
246,753
628
393
176
FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES
Total. .
618,381
1,080
573
523
Food and lodging. .
146,842
805
182
137
Transportation. .
143,630
815
176
134
Other trip costs. .
81,157
746
109
76
Equipment. .
246,753
628
393
176
GREAT LAKES
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
SALTWATER
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 27
Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per
type of hunter
(dollars)1
ALL HUNTING
Total. .
664,629
753
883
1,075
Food and lodging. .
124,111
466
266
215
Transportation. .
142,245
483
295
247
Other trip costs. .
42,362
140
302
73
Equipment. .
355,911
650
548
539
BIG GAME
Total. .
394,660
549
719
634
Food and lodging. .
63,017
360
175
109
Transportation. .
89,276
380
235
155
Other trip costs. .
*11,236
*73
*154
*19
Equipment. .
231,131
437
529
350
SMALL GAME
Total. .
77,451
134
578
342
Food and lodging. .
*26,320
*88
*298
*117
Transportation. .
14,910
99
151
66
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
*23,524
*61
*386
*101
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Total. .
*74,566
*111
*669
*508
Food and lodging. .
*14,844
*79
*187
*105
Transportation. .
*23,689
*79
*301
*168
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
*29,159
*100
*290
*186
OTHER ANIMALS
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 19. Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average
per angler
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of anglers
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
657,024
550
1,148
107
573
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
374,215
349
981
92
381
Food and lodging, total. .
146,842
137
805
75
182
Food. .
101,144
94
805
75
126
Lodging. .
45,698
43
193
18
237
Transportation. .
146,217
136
815
76
179
Other trip costs, total. .
81,157
76
746
70
109
Privilege and other fees2. .
8,040
8
151
14
53
Boating costs3. .
42,746
40
194
18
221
Bait. .
19,407
18
513
48
38
Ice. .
8,024
7
435
41
18
Heating and cooking fuel. .
*2,939
*3
*73
*7
*40
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR FISHING
Fishing equipment, total. .
143,930
101
679
63
212
Reels, rods, and rod-making components. .
57,653
41
319
30
181
Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.. .
31,646
25
541
51
58
Artificial lures and flies. .
31,604
23
518
48
61
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks. .
3,314
3
143
13
23
Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers. .
*1,748
*1
*90
*8
*19
Other fishing equipment4. .
17,964
7
213
20
84
Auxiliary equipment5. .
*8,061
*6
*67
*6
*121
Special equipment6. .
*110,948
*77
*38
*4
*2,955
Other fishing costs7. .
19,869
18
672
63
30
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use.
3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment,
processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 29
Table 20. Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount (thousands
of dollars)
Average
per hunter
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of hunters
Average per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
906,888
1,488
773
134
1,172
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
308,718
536
511
89
604
Food and lodging, total. .
124,111
215
466
81
266
Food. .
98,192
170
461
80
213
Lodging. .
*25,920
*45
*77
*13
*338
Transportation. .
142,245
247
483
84
295
Other trip costs, total. .
42,362
73
140
24
302
Privilege and other fees2. .
*38,149
*66
*89
*15
*430
Boating costs3. .
...
...
...
...
...
Heating and cooking fuel. .
*3,315
*6
*58
*10
*58
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING
Hunting equipment, total. .
265,218
389
634
110
418
Firearms. .
67,129
107
140
24
480
Ammunition. .
46,245
78
386
67
120
Other hunting equipment4. .
151,845
204
385
67
395
Auxiliary equipment5. .
38,051
59
157
27
243
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other hunting costs7. .
242,259
413
377
65
643
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment.
3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery
equipment, and other hunting equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of
equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included.30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Missouri for Fishing and Hunting by Missouri Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per sportsperson
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
1,474,661
1,539
958
2,558
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
638,179
1,114
573
533
Food and lodging. .
146,842
805
182
137
Transportation. .
146,217
815
179
136
Boating costs2. .
42,746
194
221
40
Other trip costs3. .
38,411
701
55
36
Equipment. .
263,964
693
381
183
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
668,492
778
859
1,075
Food and lodging. .
124,111
466
266
215
Transportation. .
142,245
483
295
247
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*41,464
*135
*307
*72
Equipment. .
359,774
676
533
539
Unspecified equipment4. .
*167,989
*110
*1,523
*291
STATE RESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
1,144,122
935
1,224
2,399
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
439,140
790
556
529
Food and lodging. .
87,631
584
150
106
Transportation. .
96,450
600
161
117
Boating costs2. .
37,434
175
213
45
Other trip costs3. .
27,654
549
50
33
Equipment. .
189,971
529
359
228
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
538,170
492
1,095
1,108
Food and lodging. .
83,341
366
227
175
Transportation. .
124,107
384
323
260
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*15,862
*105
*151
*33
Equipment. .
313,962
415
756
637
Unspecified equipment4. .
*166,812
*94
*1,770
*350
NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
330,539
604
547
3,317
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
199,040
325
613
545
Food and lodging. .
59,211
221
268
242
Transportation. .
49,767
215
232
204
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*10,757
*152
*71
*44
Equipment. .
73,993
164
450
*33
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
130,322
287
454
*918
Food and lodging. .
*40,770
*100
*409
*409
Transportation. .
*18,138
*98
*184
*182
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
45,813
260
176
...
Unspecified equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil.
4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 31
Table 22. Summary of Missouri Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Missouri: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
1,458,783
970
1,504
1,457
Food and lodging. .
183,327
787
233
183
Transportation. .
202,927
777
261
203
Other trip costs2. .
96,471
670
144
96
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
347,893
722
482
347
Auxiliary equipment3. .
61,471
248
248
61
Special equipment4. .
*289,166
*66
*4,369
*289
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
4,012
108
37
4
Membership dues and contributions. .
10,465
111
94
10
Other5. .
263,052
729
361
263
FISHING
Total. .
504,652
814
620
580
Food and lodging. .
108,913
616
177
125
Transportation. .
103,562
623
166
119
Other trip costs2. .
79,318
611
130
91
Fishing equipment. .
106,561
558
191
123
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*6,863
*50
*139
*8
Special equipment4. .
*82,374
*38
*2,181
*95
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*513
*31
*16
*1
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
16,044
472
34
18
HUNTING
Total. .
772,614
475
1,625
1,562
Food and lodging. .
74,414
383
195
150
Transportation. .
99,365
400
248
201
Other trip costs2. .
*17,152
*126
*136
*35
Hunting equipment. .
237,671
378
629
480
Auxiliary equipment3. .
36,048
139
259
73
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*1,125
*42
*27
*2
Membership dues and contributions. .
*7,186
*45
*160
*15
Other5. .
247,008
349
709
499
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
176,018
142
1,241
176
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and
repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Missouri Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)1
IN MISSOURI
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
1,394,225
952
1,465
1,092
Trip-related expenditures. .
473,377
874
542
371
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
326,044
691
472
255
Auxiliary equipment2. .
57,553
240
240
45
Special equipment3. .
*287,148
*65
*4,446
*225
Other4. .
250,103
725
345
196
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
451,938
789
573
422
Trip-related expenditures. .
249,169
749
333
233
Fishing equipment. .
100,338
523
192
94
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*6,456
*50
*130
*6
Special equipment3. .
*82,152
*36
*2,264
*77
Other4. .
13,823
450
31
13
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
766,824
475
1,613
1,330
Trip-related expenditures. .
224,208
412
544
389
Hunting equipment. .
222,309
376
591
386
Auxiliary equipment2. .
35,148
139
252
61
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
232,517
339
686
403
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
170,344
128
1,330
133
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
188,212
771
244
147
Trip-related expenditures. .
133,002
151
880
104
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
*21,849
*722
*30
*17
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
27,425
249
110
21
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
98,786
600
165
92
Trip-related expenditures. .
*88,696
*113
*786
*83
Fishing equipment. .
*6,223
*558
*11
*6
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
*3,238
*119
*27
*3
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
*85,283
*400
*213
*148
Trip-related expenditures. .
*44,305
*65
*678
*77
Hunting equipment. .
...
...
...
...
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
*22,802
*125
*182
*40
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders,
maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes,
house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and
plantings.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 33
Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
1,716
100
Away from home. .
579
34
Observe wildlife. .
552
32
Photograph wildlife. .
251
15
Feed wildlife. .
*128
*7
Around the home. .
1,538
90
Observe wildlife. .
962
56
Photograph wildlife. .
565
33
Feed wildlife. .
1,324
77
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
311
18
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
254
15
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
Missouri: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants, trips, and days of participation
Activity in Missouri
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
PARTICIPANTS
Total participants. .
579
100
465
100
*114
*100
Observe wildlife. .
552
95
441
95
*111
*98
Photograph wildlife. .
251
43
*196
*42
...
...
Feed wildlife. .
*128
*22
*122
*26
...
...
TRIPS
Total Trips. .
9,604
100
9,417
100
*187
*100
Average days per trip. .
1
(X)
1
(X)
*2
(X)
DAYS
Total days. .
8,200
100
7,835
100
*365
*100
Observing wildlife. .
6,338
77
6,040
77
*299
*82
Photographing wildlife. .
*1,176
*14
*1,059
*14
...
...
Feeding wildlife. .
*2,639
*32
*2,613
*33
...
...
Average days per participant. .
14
(X)
17
(X)
*3
(X)
Observing wildlife. .
11
(X)
14
(X)
*3
(X)
Photographing wildlife. .
*5
(X)
*5
(X)
...
(X)
Feeding wildlife. .
*21
(X)
*21
(X)
...
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Missouri: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total all wildlife. .
579
100
465
80
*114
*20
Total birds. .
498
100
402
81
*96
*19
Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). .
296
100
222
75
*75
*25
Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.). .
352
100
277
79
*75
*21
Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
279
100
*234
*84
*45
*16
Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.). .
*123
*100
*93
*75
...
...
Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.). .
*136
*100
*111
*81
...
...
Total land mammals. .
323
100
298
92
...
...
Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.). .
218
100
192
88
...
...
Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.). .
*246
*100
*225
*91
...
...
Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.). .
.. *139
*100
*109
*78
...
...
Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.). .
*151
*100
*101
*67
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Missouri: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Around the home
Participants
Number
Percent
Total around-the-home participants. .
1,538
100
Observe wildlife. .
962
63
Visit parks and natural areas1. .
311
20
Photograph wildlife. .
565
37
Feed wildlife. .
1,324
86
Maintain natural areas. .
*94
*6
Maintain plantings. .
228
15
Participants Observing Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
962
100
Birds. .
900
94
Land mammals. .
801
83
Large mammals. .
539
56
Small mammals. .
746
78
Amphibians or reptiles. .
246
26
Insects or spiders. .
309
32
Fish and other wildlife. .
218
23
Total, 1 day or more. .
962
100
1 to 10 days. .
*231
*24
1
1 to 50 days. .
*150
*16
51 to 200 days. .
264
27
201 days or more. .
289
30
Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas1
Total, 1 day or more. .
311
100
1 to 5 days. .
*130
*42
6 to 10 days. .
...
...
1
1 days or more. .
*112
*36
Participants Photographing Wildlife
Total, 1 day or more. .
565
100
1 to 3 days. .
*210
*37
4 to 10 days. .
*185
*33
1
1 or more days. .
*161
*28
Participants Feeding Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
1,324
100
W
ild birds. .
1,295
98
Other wildlife. .
459
35
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 35
Table 28. Missouri Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent of participants
Percent of population
Total participants. .
1,645
100
35
Away from home. .
622
38
13
Around the home. .
1,538
93
33
Observe wildlife. .
962
58
21
Photograph wildlife. .
565
34
12
Feed wild birds or other wildlife. .
1,324
80
28
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
254
15
5
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
311
19
7
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of
population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.
Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Observers and days of observation
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
OBSERVERS
Total bird observers. .
1,110
100
1,016
100
*94
*100
Around-the-home observers. .
900
81
900
89
(X)
(X)
Away-from-home observers. .
491
44
397
39
*94
*100
DAYS
Total days observing birds. . .. .
117,489
100
117,206
100
*282
*100
Around the home. .
111,667
95
111,667
95
(X)
(X)
Away from home. .
5,822
5
5,540
5
*282
*100
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Missouri Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Participants
Total
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Total persons. .
4,667
100
1,645
35
100
622
13
100
1,538
33
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
3,085
66
1,022
33
62
449
15
72
923
30
60
Rural. .
1,583
34
623
39
38
*173
*11
*28
615
39
40
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
3,791
81
1,382
36
84
537
14
86
1,279
34
83
1,000,000 or more. .
2,425
52
908
37
55
373
15
60
840
35
55
250,000 to 999,999. .
255
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
50,000 to 249,999. .
1,111
24
422
38
26
*138
*12
*22
387
35
25
Outside MSA. .
876
19
263
30
16
*85
*10
*14
258
29
17
Sex
Male. .
2,240
48
815
36
50
319
14
51
768
34
50
Female. .
2,427
52
830
34
50
303
12
49
769
32
50
Age
16 to 17 years. .
159
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
456
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
25 to 34 years. .
683
15
*80
*12
*5
...
...
...
*73
*11
*5
35 to 44 years. .
836
18
*155
*19
*9
*90
*11
*15
*140
*17
*9
45 to 54 years. .
909
19
488
54
30
*248
*27
*40
466
51
30
55 to 64 years. .
832
18
409
49
25
*110
*13
*18
388
47
25
65 years and older. .
792
17
455
57
28
*110
*14
*18
419
53
27
65 to 74 years. .
450
10
273
61
17
*79
*18
*13
238
53
15
75 and older. .
342
7
*182
*53
*11
...
...
...
*182
*53
*12
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
*84
*2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
4,584
98
1,610
35
98
622
14
100
1,503
33
98
Race
White. .
4,044
87
1,553
38
94
597
15
96
1,454
36
95
African American. .
445
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
178
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
582
12
*144
*25
*9
...
...
...
*144
*25
*9
$20,000 to $29,999. .
388
8
*232
*60
*14
*95
*25
*15
*186
*48
*12
$30,000 to $39,999. .
499
11
*99
*20
*6
...
...
...
*99
*20
*6
$40,000 to $49,999. .
409
9
244
60
15
*95
*23
*15
*213
*52
*14
$50,000 to $74,999. .
522
11
*120
*23
*7
...
...
...
*118
*23
*8
$75,000 to $99,999. .
532
11
*245
*46
*15
*127
*24
*20
*225
*42
*15
$100,000 to $149,999. .
512
11
*161
*32
*10
...
...
...
*157
*31
*10
$150,000 or more. .
138
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Not reported. .
1,085
23
362
33
22
...
...
...
358
33
23
Education
11 years or less. .
492
11
*54
*11
*3
...
...
...
*50
*10
*3
12 years. .
1,885
40
548
29
33
*149
*8
*24
529
28
34
1 to 3 years of college. .
956
20
405
42
25
*118
*12
*19
380
40
25
4 years or more of college .
1,335
29
637
48
39
348
26
56
579
43
38
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 37
Table 31. Expenditures in Missouri by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of wildlife-watching participants2
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
940,818
512
1,583
92
594
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
210,934
281
570
98
370
Food and lodging. .
102,373
177
477
82
214
Food. .
75,910
131
477
82
159
Lodging. .
*26,462
*46
*103
*18
*257
Transportation. .
104,728
97
521
90
201
Other trip costs3. .
*3,833
*7
*130
*22
*30
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
729,884
417
1,380
80
529
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
385,224
219
1,257
73
307
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
...
...
...
...
...
Film and photo processing. .
*9,600
*6
*160
*9
*60
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic
equipment, including memory cards. .
*160,820
*94
*304
*18
*529
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
*16,895
*6
*127
*7
*133
Bird food. .
135,055
79
1,038
61
130
Food for other wildlife. .
28,465
15
317
18
90
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
28,293
16
481
28
59
Other equipment (including field guides). .
*1,990
*1
*102
*6
*20
Auxiliary equipment4. .
*11,392
...
*93
*5
*123
Special equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*13,410
*7
*216
*13
*62
Membership dues and contributions. .
*18,853
*11
*179
*10
*105
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
76,048
44
228
13
333
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Missouri for Wildlife Watching by Missouri Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
817,536
1,545
529
441
Food and lodging. .
102,373
477
214
177
Transportation. .
104,728
521
201
97
Other trip costs2. .
*3,833
*130
*30
*7
Equipment3. .
606,603
1,283
473
346
STATE RESIDENTS
Total. .
751,904
1,395
539
433
Food and lodging. .
60,935
371
164
131
Transportation. .
86,796
412
211
83
Other trip costs2. .
*1,501
*84
*18
*3
Equipment3. .
602,673
1,244
484
370
NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
*65,632
*150
*438
*545
Food and lodging. .
*41,438
*106
*390
*365
Transportation. .
*17,932
*109
*164
*158
Other trip costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 39
Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Missouri by Missouri Residents: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per
participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
wildlife-watching participants2
Average per spender (dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
1,182,836
719
1,443
88
819
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
427,866
688
605
97
708
Food and lodging. .
203,408
327
518
83
392
Food. .
115,466
186
518
83
223
Lodging. .
*87,942
*141
*93
*15
*945
Transportation. .
178,573
287
546
88
327
Other trip costs3. .
*45,885
*74
*149
*24
*308
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
754,969
459
1,326
81
570
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
388,008
236
1,258
76
308
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
...
...
...
...
...
Film and photo processing. .
*9,600
*6
*160
*10
*60
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other
photographic equipment, including memory cards. .
*163,559
*99
*316
*19
*517
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
*16,708
*10
*125
*8
*134
Bird food. .
135,053
82
1,042
63
130
Food for other wildlife. .
28,465
17
317
19
90
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
28,586
17
490
30
58
Other equipment. .
*2,387
*1
*118
*7
*20
Auxiliary equipment4. .
*10,408
*6
*88
*5
*118
Special equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*14,313
*9
*231
*14
*62
Membership dues and contributions. .
*43,408
*26
*188
*11
*231
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
76,048
46
228
14
333
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Missouri Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure Item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
IN MISSOURI
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
870,714
1,402
621
537
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. 149,232
456
327
321
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
383,964
1,240
310
234
Auxiliary equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
118,809
441
269
74
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
286,561
326
878
*1,077
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. *278,634
*260
*1,073
*1,073
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
*3,511
*56
*62
...
Auxiliary equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both
away-from-home and around-the-home participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and
packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment.
5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 35. Participation of Missouri Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Total wildlife watchers
Wildife-watching activity
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
1,645
100
622
100
1,538
100
Wildlife-watching participants who:
Did not fish or hunt. .
1,103
67
329
53
1,031
67
Fished or hunted. .
542
33
293
47
506
33
Fished. .
483
29
249
40
448
29
Hunted. .
317
19
201
32
292
19
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 41
Table 36. Participation of Missouri Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Sportspersons
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total sportspersons. .
1,001
100
870
100
495
100
Sportspersons who:
Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities. .
460
46
387
44
178
36
Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. .
542
54
483
56
317
64
A
way from home. .
293
29
249
29
201
41
Around the home. .
506
51
448
51
292
59
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
State reports for previous Surveys included tables that had estimates for all fifty states. In order to expedite release of the 2011 Missouri State report, state estimates have been deleted. To find state estimates other than Missouri, go to http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/reports2011.html.
State reports are being released alphabetically, beginning in early 2013.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 43
Appendix A
44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Annual household income—Total 2011 income of household members before taxes and other deductions.
Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and natural areas to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife.
Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlife-watching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. For both sportspersons and wildlife watchers, it also includes electronic auxiliary equipment such as Global Positioning Systems.
Away-from-home wildlife watching—Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not included.
Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted.
Census Divisions
East North Central
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
East South Central
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Mountain
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
New England
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Pacific
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
South Atlantic
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
West Virginia
West North Central
Kansas
Iowa
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Day—Any part of a day spent partici­pating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the after­noon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting.
Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college.
Expenditures—Money spent in 2011 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books, magazines, and DVDs; membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning; hunting and fishing licenses; and plant­ings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by partici­pants for themselves and the value of gifts they received.
Appendix A.
DefinitionsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri 45
Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing.
Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing:
Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components
Lines and leaders
Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines
Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits
Tackle boxes
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks
Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers
Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices
Ice fishing equipment
Other fishing equipment
Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams.
Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon.
Home—The starting point of a wild­life-related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin.
Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with fire­arms or archery equipment.
Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting:
Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns
Archery equipment
Telescopic sights
Decoys and game calls
Ammunition
Hand loading equipment
Hunting dogs and associated costs
Other hunting equipment
Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it.
Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environ­ment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)—A Metropolitan Statis­tical Area is a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. The “Outside MSA” classification include census-defined Micropolitan Statistical Areas (or Micro areas). A Micro area is defined as a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhab­itants. Refer to <www.census.gov
/population/metro/about/>, for a more detailed definition of the Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted.
Multiple responses—The term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, for example, total participants is the sum of male and female partici­pants, because “male” and “female” are mutually exclusive categories.
Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California.
Nonresponse—A term used to reflect the fact that some Survey respondents provide incomplete sets of informa­tion. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Total hunting expen­diture estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts.
Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fish or other wildlife.
Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, alligators, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classified as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classified as unprotected or preda­tory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classified as “other animals” in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game.
Participants—Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or a wildlife-watching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, fished, or wildlife watched in 2011 to be considered a participant.
Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.”
Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure.
Private land—Land owned by a busi­ness, nongovernmental organization, private individual, or a group of indi­viduals such as an association or club.
Public land—Land that is owned by local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds),
46 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Missouri U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
State governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or the federal government (such as National Forests, Recreational Areas, and Wild­life Refuges).
Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California and watches whales in California is a resi­dential wildlife watcher in California.
Rural—All territory, population, and housing units located outside of urban­ized areas and urban clusters, as deter­mined by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers and streams.
Screening interviews—The first Survey contact with a sample house­hold. Screening interviews are conducted with a household repre­sentative to identify respondents who are eligible for in-depth interviews. Screening interviews gather data such as age and sex about individuals in the households. Further information on screening interviews is available on page vii in the “Survey Background and Method” section of this report.
Small game—Grouse, pheasants, quail, rabbits, squirrels, and similar small animals for which States have small game seasons and bag limits.
Special equipment—Big-ticket equip­ment items that are owned primarily for wildlife-related recreation:
Bass boats
Other types of motor boats
Canoes and other types of nonmotor boats
Boat motors, boat trailer/hitches, and other boat accessories
Pickups, campers, vans, travel or tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs)
Cabins
Off-the-road vehicles such as trail bikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs), dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4 vehicles, and snowmobiles
Other special equipment
Spenders—Individuals who spent money on fishing, hunting, or wildlife-watching activities or equipment and also participated in those activities.
Sportspersons—Individuals who engaged in fishing, hunting, or both.
Trip—An outing involving fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching. A trip may begin from an individual’s prin­cipal residence or from another place, such as a vacation home or the home of a relative. A trip may last an hour, a day, or many days.
Type of fishing—There are three types of fishing: (1) freshwater except Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater.
Type of hunting—There are four types of hunting: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animal.
Unspecified expenditure—An item that was purchased for use in both fishing and hunting, rather than primarily one or the other. Auxiliary equipment, special equipment, maga­zines and books, and membership dues and contributions are the items for which a purchase could be categorized as “unspecified.”
Urban—All territory, population, and housing units located within boundaries that encompass densely settled territory, consisting of core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile. Under certain conditions, less densely settled territory may be included, as determined by the Census Bureau.
Visit parks or natural areas—A visit to places accessible to the public and that are owned or leased by a govern­mental entity, nongovernmental organi­zation, business, or a private individual or group such as an association or club.
Wildlife—Animals such as birds, fish, insects, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that are living in natural or wild environments. Wildlife does not include animals living in aquariums, zoos, and other artificial surround­ings or domestic animals such as farm animals or pets.
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed—Examples of species that wildlife watchers observe, photograph, and/or feed are (1) Wild birds—songbirds such as cardinals, robins, warblers, jays, buntings, and sparrows; birds of prey such as hawks, owls, eagles, and falcons; waterfowl such a