2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation California

              U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated RecreationCaliforniaBaitU.S. Department of the Interior
Ken Salazar,
Secretary
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. Department of Commerce
Rebecca M. Blank,
Acting Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Vacant,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Acting Director
FHW/11-CA
Issued February 2013
2011 National Survey of
Fishing, Hunting, and
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Bait
California
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi­bilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities.
The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide finan­cial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Acting Director
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration
Hannibal Bolton,
Assistant Director
U.S. Department of the Interior
Ken Salazar,
Secretary
Economics and Statistics
Administration
Vacant,
Under Secretary for
Economic AffairsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California iii
Contents
List of Tables. . iv
Foreword. . vi
Survey Background and Method. . vii
Highlights
Introduction. . 2
Summary. . 4
Wildlife-Related Recreation. . 5
Sportspersons. . 6
Anglers. . 7
Hunters. . 9
Wildlife Watchers. . 11
2001–2011 Comparison. . 13
Tables
Guide to Statistical Tables. . 16
Fishing and Hunting Tables. . 17
Wildlife-Watching Tables. . 33
Appendixes
A. Definitions. . 44
B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews. . 48
C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends. . 54
D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy. . 64iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
List of Tables
Fishing and Hunting
1. Fishing and Hunting in California by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011. . 17
2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in California by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 17
3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011. . 18
4. California Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011. . 18
5. California Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 18
6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011. . 19
7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in California by Type of Fish: 2011. . 19
8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in California: 2011. . 20
9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in California by Type of Fish: 2011. . 20
10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in California: 2011. . 21
11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in California by Type of Fish: 2011. . 21
12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in California by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 22
13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in California by Type of Game: 2011. . 22
14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in California by Type of Land: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
15. Selected Characteristics of California Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011. . 24
16. Summary of Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined
for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 25
17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in California by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011. . 26
18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in California by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 27
19. Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011. . 28
20. Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011. . 29
21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in California for Fishing and Hunting by California Residents
and Nonresidents: 2011. . 30
22. Summary of California Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and
Outside California: 2011. . 31
23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by California Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 32
Wildlife Watching
24. Wildlife Watching in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011. . 33
25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in California: 2011. . 33
26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed,
or Fed in California: 2011. . 34
27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in California: 2011. . 34
28. California Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011. . 35
29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in California by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 35U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California v
30. Selected Characteristics of California Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 36
31. Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 37
32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in California for Wildlife Watching by
California Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 38
33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside California by California Residents: 2011. . 39
34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by California Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 40
35. Participation of California Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 40
36. Participation of California Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011. . .. 41vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
When I was growing up, it was taken as a matter of faith that kids belonged outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and during those long, hot Atlanta summers, it was common for our mom to holler, “You boys get outside, and don’t come back ‘til it’s dark.” It never occurred to me or my brothers to do anything else in our spare time but explore the world around us. The truth is, we had little else to do. But those experiences – waking up on frosty mornings and starting the campfire, scanning trees for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel in the dawn light, scouring creek beds for crawdads and other fishing bait, or simply of the fun we had tramping through the forest – shaped who I am, and drew me to a career in conserva­tion.
That’s why I’m excited by this 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This report, the 12th in a series that began in 1955, documents a significant resurgence in the number of people embracing America’s Great Outdoors.
Hunting participation has increased by 9 percent, while angling participation grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent of Americans participated in wildlife-related recreation, an increase of 2.6 million participants from the 2006 Survey.
In addition, wildlife-related recre­ation is a major driver of the nation’s economy. The 2011 Survey estimates that Americans spent $145 billion on related gear, trips, licenses, land acqui­sition or leases, and other purchases, representing about one percent of the nation’s gross domestic product. This spending creates thousands of jobs, supports countless local communities and provides vital funding for conser­vation.
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restora­tion Program, a cornerstone of wildlife conservation in the United States. Through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery and angling equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has distributed over $14 billion for State and territorial wildlife conser­vation programs.
This report would not have been possible without the combined efforts of state wildlife agencies – which provided financial support through the Multi-State Conservation Grant Programs – the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and a number of major national conservation organiza­tions. We also owe our gratitude to the thousands of survey respondents from households across America. Because
of you, this Survey is the nation’s definitive wildlife-related recreation database and information source concerning participation and purchases associated with hunting, fishing and other forms of wildlife-associated recreation nationwide.
The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi­cated to connecting people and families with nature. We are proud to celebrate the good news in this report, and we look forward to continuing progress as we work with the States, and all our partners and the public to help keep recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching growing and going strong.
Dan Ashe
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
ForewordU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California vii
Survey Background and Method
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wild­life watchers, how often they partici­pate, and how much they spend on their activities in the United States.
Preparations for the 2011 Survey began in 2008 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to coordinate the twelfth National Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as amended.
Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey plan­ning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives.
We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the American Sportfishing Association and National Shooting Sports Foundation to deter­mine survey content. Other sportsper­sons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice.
Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2011. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 48,600 households nationwide, to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2010, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2011. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2010 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2011 activities. For more information on the 2010 data, refer to Appendix B.
The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2011 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2011, and the last in January 2012. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expendi­tures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 11,330 anglers and hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D.
Comparability With
Previous Surveys
The 2011 Survey’s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable.
The methodology for these Surveys differs significantly from the 1955 to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in meth­odology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods.Highlights
2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from inter­views with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2011 participa­tion and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older.
The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activi­ties in the State in 2011. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected in the Survey’s household screen phase, we can estimate that about 51 percent more anglers and 44 percent more hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years prior to the screen survey year 2010.
In addition to 2011 estimates, we also provide trend information in the High­lights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2011 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports because they used similar methodolo­gies. The 2011 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted prior to 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy.
The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey.
This report does not provide infor­mation about the State’s wildlife resources. That, and additional infor­mation on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s website is www.fishwildlife.org.
Additionally, this report does not provide information about the State’s number of licensed anglers and hunters. Historical license data can be found at wsfrprograms.fws.gov.
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Wildlife-related recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activi­ties. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-related recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photo­graphing, and feeding fish or wildlife.
Fishing and Hunting
This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters.
Sportspersons
Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2011 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups shown in the diagram below: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted.
The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice.
Anglers
Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing.
SportspersonsAnglersHuntersFished onlyFishedandhuntedHuntedonly
IntroductionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 3
Hunters
Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns, but also those who have no license and those who engage in hunting with archery equipment, muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms, or pistols or handguns.
Four types of hunting are reported:
(1) big game, (2) small game,
(3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters partici­pated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters.
Wildlife Watchers
Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlife-watching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the National Surveys since 1991 have collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife).
The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wild­life around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included.
Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residen­tial) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of partici­pants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. Only those engaged in activities whose primary purpose was wildlife watching are included in the Survey. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are defined below.
Away-From-Home
This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities.
Around-The-Home
This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to iden­tify birds or other wildlife; (2) photo­graphing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern;
(5) maintaining plantings (shrubs,
agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit
to wildlife is the primary concern; or
(6) visiting parks and natural areas within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife.4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing
Anglers. . 1,674,000
Days of fishing. . 23,754,000
Average days per angler. . 14
Total expenditures. . $2,268,610,000
Trip-related. . $1,620,329,000
Equipment and other. . $648,281,000
Average per angler. . $1,333
Average trip expenditure per day. . $68
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394,000
Days of hunting. . 6,731,000
Average days per hunter. . 17
Total expenditures. . $964,054,000
Trip-related. . $501,877,000
Equipment and other. . $462,177,000
Average per hunter. . $2,419
Average trip expenditure per day. . $75
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants. 6,733,000
Away-from-home participants. . 2,790,000
Around-the-home participants. . 5,939,000
Days of participation away from home. 27,352,000
Average days of participation
away from home. . 10
Total expenditures. . $3,777,677,000
Trip-related. . $1,781,680,000
Equipment and other. . $1,995,996,000
Average per participant. . $533
Average trip expenditure per day. . $65
Activities in California by Residents and Nonresidents
Activities by California Residents Both Inside and Outside California
Fishing
Anglers. . 1,700,000
Days of fishing. . 27,280,000
Average days per angler. . 16
Total expenditures. . $2,407,827,000
Trip-related. . $1,706,717,000
Equipment and other. . $701,110,000
Average per angler. . $1,416
Average trip expenditure per day. . $63
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467,000
Days of hunting. . 8,036,000
Average days per hunter. . 17
Total expenditures. . $1,067,043,000
Trip-related. . $472,153,000
Equipment and other. . $594,890,000
Average per hunter. . $2,284
Average trip expenditure per day. . $59
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants. 6,475,000
Away-from-home participants. . 2,675,000
Around-the-home participants. . 5,939,000
Days of participation away from home. 28,574,000
Average days of participation
away from home. . 11
Total expenditures. . $4,477,069,000
Trip-related. . $2,331,567,000
Equipment and other. . $2,145,503,000
Average per participant. . $691
Average trip expenditure per day. . $82
2011 California SummaryU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 5
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Participation in California
The 2011 Survey found that 7.8 million California residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in California. Of the total number of participants, 1.7 million fished, 394 thousand hunted, and 6.7 million participated in wildlife-watching activities, which includes observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many of the individuals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity.
Participation in 2011 by 6- to 15-Year-Old California Residents
The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2010. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old participants to participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2010 and 2011. Based on this assumption, in addi­tion to the 1.7 million resident anglers 16 years old or older in California, there were 553 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 467 thousand Californians 16 years old and older and 91 thousand Californians 6 to 15 years old who hunted. Finally, there were 6.5 million Californians 16 years old and older and 1.2 million Califor­nians 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Information on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B.
Expenditures in California
In 2011, state residents and nonresidents spent $7.5 billion on wildlife recreation in California. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $3.9 billion and equipment expenditures totaled $2.9 billion. The remaining $675 million was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items.
Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in California: 2011
(U.S. residents 16 years old and older)
Total. . 7.8 million
.
Sportspersons
Total. . 1.8 million
Anglers. . 1.7 million
Hunters. . 394 thousand
.
Wildlife Watchers
Total. . 6.7 million
Away from home. . 2.8 million
Around the home. . 5.9 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Tables 1 and 24.
Percent of Total Participantsby Activity(Total: 7.8 million participants)Wildlife WatchingHuntingFishing 21%5%86%Wildlife-RelatedRecreation Expenditures in California(Total: $7.5 billion)Trip-related 52%Equipment39%Other9%Percent of Total Residential Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Activity: 2010(Total: 1.9 million participants)Wildlife WatchingHuntingFishing 48%4%76%6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Sportspersons
In 2011, 1.8 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in California. This group was comprised of 1.7 million anglers (92 percent of all sportspersons) and 394 thousand hunters (22 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 1.8 million sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 1.4 million (78 percent) fished but did not hunt in Cali­fornia. Another 146 thousand (8 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 248 thousand (14 percent) fished and hunted in California in 2011.
Sportspersons’ Participation in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Sportspersons (fished or hunted). . 1.8 million
.
Anglers. . 1.7 million
Fished only. . 1.4 million
Fished and hunted. . 248 thousand
.
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 thousand
Hunted only. . 146 thousand
Hunted and fished. . 248 thousand
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 1.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 7
Anglers
Participants and Days of Fishing
In 2011, 1.7 million state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in California. Of this total, 1.6 million anglers (94 percent) were state residents and 98 thousand anglers (6 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 23.8 million days in California—an average of 14 days per angler. State residents fished 23.3 million days—98 percent of all fishing days in California. Nonresidents fished 487 thousand days in California—2 percent of all fishing days in the state.
A large majority of California residents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 1.7 million California residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2011 for a total of 27.3 million days. An estimated 93 percent of all California residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by California residents, 85 percent or 23.3 million were in their home state.
For further details about fishing in Cali­fornia, see Table 3.
Anglers in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Anglers. . 1.7 million
Residents. . 1.6 million
Nonresidents. . 98 thousand
.
Days of fishing. . 23.8 million
Residents. . 23.3 million
Nonresidents. . 487 thousand
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
California anglers. . 1.7 million
In California. . 1.6 million
In other states. . 341 thousand
.
Days of fishing. . 27.3 million
In California. . 23.3 million
In other states. . 4.6 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3. 8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing Expenditures in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. . $2.3 billion
Trip-related. . $1.6 billion
Equipment. . $577 million
Fishing. . $321 million
Auxiliary and special. . $257 million
Other. . $71 million
Source: Table 19.
Fishing Expenditures in California
All fishing-related expenditures in California totaled $2.3 billion in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging, transportation, and other expenses totaled $1.6 billion—71 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $576 million and transportation expenditures were $463 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $581 million. Each angler spent an average of $965 on trip-related costs during 2011.
Anglers spent $577 million on equip­ment in California in 2011, 25 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, lines, etc.) spending totaled $321 million—56 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothing, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $257 million—44 percent of the equipment total. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $71 million—3 percent of all fishing expenditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in California, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23.
Fishing Expenditures in California(Total: $2.3 billion)Equipment 25%Trip-related71%Other3%Percent of Anglers by Residence(Total: 1.7 million participants)NonresidentsResidents94%6%Comparative Fishing Expenditures by Type of Fishing All fishingFreshwater Saltwater$965$712$849$68$55(X)$92Trip expenditures per angler:Trip expenditures per day:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 9
Hunters
Participants and Days of Hunting
In 2011, there were 394 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in California. Resident hunters numbered 377 thou­sand, accounting for 96 percent of the hunters in California. Residents and nonresidents hunted 6.7 million days in 2011, an average of 17 days per hunter. Residents hunted 6.6 million days in California or 98 percent of all hunting days.
There were 467 thousand California residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2011 for a total of 8.0 million days. An estimated 81 percent of all California residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by California resi­dents, 82 percent or 6.6 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. For more information on hunting activities by California residents, see Table 3.
Hunters in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 thousand
Residents. . 377 thousand
Nonresidents. . ...
.
Days of hunting. . 6.7 million
Residents. . 6.6 million
Nonresidents. . ...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
California hunters. . 467 thousand
In California. . 377 thousand
In other states. . 154 thousand
.
Days of hunting. . 8.0 million
In California. . 6.6 million
In other states. . 1.5 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3. 10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Hunting Expenditures in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. . $964 million
Trip-related. . $502 million
Equipment. . $383 million
Hunting. . $225 million
Auxiliary and special. . $158 million
Other. . $80 million
Source: Table 20.
Hunting Expenditures in California
All hunting-related expenditures in California totaled $964 million in 2011. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transporta­tion, and other trip expenses, totaled $502 million—52 percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $114 million and transportation expenditures were $227 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $161 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $1,252.
Hunters spent $383 million on equip­ment—40 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $225 million and made up 59 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $158 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 41 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing, and ownership, cost hunters $80 million—8 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in California, see Tables 20 through 23.
Hunting Expenditures in California(Total: $964 million)Equipment 40%Trip-related52%Other8%Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting All huntingBig game Small gameMigratory birdsOther animals$1,252$1,657$558$506............$55$39$25$75$140Trip expenditures per hunter:... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.Trip expenditures per day:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 11
Wildlife Watchers
Participants and Days of Activity
In 2011, 6.7 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Cali­fornia. Most of them, 88 percent (5.9 million), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People partici­pating in away-from-home activities in California in 2011 numbered 2.8 million—41 percent of all wildlife watchers in California. Of the 2.8 million, 2.4 million were state residents and 383 thousand were nonresidents.
Californians 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wild­life watching within their state totaled 2.4 million. Of this group, 2.2 million participants closely observed, 363 thousand fed, and 1.4 million photo­graphed wildlife. Since some individ­uals engaged in more than one of the three away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number away-from-home partici­pants.
Californians spent 24.7 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. For further details about away-from-home activities, see Table 25.
California residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2011, 5.9 million residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within one mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 4.1 million observed, 3.4 million fed, and 2.5 million photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 505 thou­sand participants maintained natural areas of one-quarter acre or more for wildlife; 809 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife; and 1.5 million participants visited parks or natural areas within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an esti­mate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 36 percent of Californian around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about California resi­dents participating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27.
Wildlife-Watching Participants in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. . 6.7 million
Around the home. . 5.9 million
Away from home. . 2.8 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 24.
Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. . 2.8 million
Observe wildlife. . 2.6 million
Photograph wildlife. . 1.7 million
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 thousand
Days, total. . 27.4 million
Observe wildlife. . 21.6 million
Photograph wildlife. . 10.4 million
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 25.
Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in California
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Total. . 5.9 million
Observe wildlife. . 4.1 million
Photograph wildlife. . 2.5 million
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 million
Maintain natural areas. . 505 thousand
Maintain plantings. . 809 thousand
Visit parks and natural areas. . 1.5 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 27.12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Wild Bird Observers in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. . 4.9 million
Around the home. . 4.0 million
Away from home. . 2.3 million
.
Days, total. . 412.4 million
Around the home. . 391.8 million
Away from home. . 20.6 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 29.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in California
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. . $3.8 billion
Trip-related. . $1.8 billion
Equipment. . $1.5 billion
Wildlife watching. . $690 million
Auxiliary and special. . $796 million
Other. . $510 million
Source: Table 31.
Wild Bird Observers
Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in California. In 2011, 4.9 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A majority, 82 percent (4.0 million), observed wild birds around the home while 47 percent (2.3 million) took trips away from home to watch birds.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in California
Wildlife watchers spent $3.8 billion on wildlife-watching activities in Cali­fornia in 2011. Trip-related expendi­tures, including food and lodging ($933 million), transportation ($663 million), and other trip expenses, such as equip­ment rental, amounted to $185 million. This summation comprised 47 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average of the trip-related expenditures for away-from-home participants was $608 per person in 2011.
Wildlife-watching participants spent $1.5 billion on equipment—39 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equipment (binocu­lars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $690 million, 46 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equip­ment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $796 million—54 percent of all equipment costs. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recre­ation but could be used in activities other than wildlife watching.
Other items purchased by wildlife-watching participants, such as maga­zines, membership dues and contribu­tions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $510 million—14 percent of all wildlife-watching expen­ditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in California, see Table 31.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in California(Total: $3.8 billion)Equipment 39%Trip-related47%Other14%Away-From-Home Activity by Around-The-Home Participants(Total: 5.9 million participants)Both around the home and away from homeAround thehome only64%36%U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 13
Comparing the estimates from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildlife-related recreation in the early twenty-first century in California. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here.
The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the esti­mates. A 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of the two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different.
The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of California residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state esti­mates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity if U.S. residents in California.
The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all estimates are in 2011 dollars.
California 2001 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2001 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. . 2,444 1,674 –32
Days in state. . 27,663 23,754 NS–14
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. . $2,577,820 $2,268,610 NS–12
State resident anglers. . 2,389 1,700 –29
Total expenditures by state residents. . $2,746,796 $2,407,827 NS–12
Hunting
Hunters in state. . 274 394 NS44
Days in state. . 3,426 6,731 NS96
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. . $400,352 $964,054 NS141
State resident hunters. . 278 467 68
Total expenditures by state residents. . $468,296 $1,067,043 NS128
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . . 2,270 2,790 NS23
Days in state. . 23,807 27,352 NS15
State resident participants. . 2,191 2,675 NS22
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. . 4,853 5,939 22
Observers. . 3,072 4,121 34
Feeders. . 3,763 3,413 NS–9
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. . $3,278,031 $3,777,677 NS15
Total expenditures by state residents. . $3,306,295 $4,477,069 NS35
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
2001-2011 Comparison14 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
California 2006 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2006 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing
Anglers in state. . 1,730 1,674 NS–3
Days in state. . 19,394 23,754 NS22
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. . $2,700,722 $2,268,610 NS–16
State resident anglers. . 1,689 1,700 NS1
Total expenditures by state residents. . $3,021,496 $2,407,827 NS–20
Hunting
Hunters in state. . 281 394 NS40
Days in state. . 3,376 6,731 NS99
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. . $907,387 $964,054 NS6
State resident hunters. . 317 467 47
Total expenditures by state residents. . $1,072,178 $1,067,043 0
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . . 2,894 2,790 NS–4
Days in state. . 45,010 27,352 –39
State resident participants. . 2,565 2,675 NS4
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. . 5,259 5,939 NS13
Observers. . 3,479 4,121 18
Feeders. . 3,447 3,413 NS–1
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. . $4,662,890 $3,777,677 NS–19
Total expenditures by state residents. . $4,881,117 $4,477,069 NS–8
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in California: 2001–2011(In thousands)2,4441,7302742811,674394Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in California: 2001–2011(In thousands)Around the homeAway from home2011200620012011200620014,8532,2705,2592,8945,9392,790Total Expenditures by Participants in California (In millions of 2011 dollars)AnglersHuntersWildlife Watchers2011200620012,5784003,2782,7019074,6632,2699643,778AnglersHuntersTables
16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Guide to Statistical Tables
Purpose and Coverage of Tables
The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A.
The tables are based on responses to the 2011 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wi­ldlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter­viewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include partici­pation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States.
Comparability With Previous Surveys
The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2011 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided.
Coverage of an Individual Table
Since the Survey covers many activi­ties in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi­cates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species.
Percentages Reported in the Tables
Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories.
Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game.
When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total popu­lation who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages.
Footnotes to the Tables
Footnotes are used to clarify the infor­mation or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear:
* Estimate based on a sample size
of 10–29.
... Sample size too small to report
data reliably.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
X Not applicable.
NA Not available.
Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently:
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and no­nresponse.
“Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 5 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and fresh­water appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all fishing” row. Simi­larly, in Table 12, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist.
“Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered volun­tarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 17
Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in California by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of sportspersons
Number
Percent of
resident
sportspersons
Number
Percent of
nonresident sportspersons
Total sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
1,820
100
1,707
100
113
100
Total anglers. .
1,674
92
1,576
92
98
86
Fished only. .
1,426
78
1,330
78
96
84
Fished and hunted. . .
248
14
246
14
...
...
Total hunters. .
394
22
377
22
...
...
Hunted only. .
146
8
*131
*8
...
...
Hunted and fished. . .
248
14
246
14
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in California by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
1,674
100
23,754
100
21,497
100
Total, all freshwater. .
1,352
81
17,382
73
15,059
70
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
1,352
81
17,382
73
15,059
70
Great Lakes. .
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Saltwater. .
775
46
7,193
30
6,438
30
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
394
100
6,731
100
5,162
100
Big game. .
154
39
1,824
27
714
14
Small game. .
201
51
2,045
30
1,740
34
Migratory birds. .
221
56
2,860
42
1,970
38
Other animals. .
*62
*16
*1,058
*16
*737
*14
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and hunters, trips and
days of participation
Activity in California
Activity by California residents in United States
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Total, in state of residence and in other states
In state of
residence
In other states
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total anglers. .
1,674
100
1,576
94
98
6
1,700
100
1,576
93
341
20
Total trips. .
21,497
100
21,206
99
291
1
23,255
100
21,206
91
2,049
9
Total days of fishing. .
23,754
100
23,267
98
487
2
27,280
100
23,267
85
4,612
17
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
(X)
15
(X)
5
(X)
16
(X)
15
(X)
14
(X)
HUNTING
Total hunters. .
394
100
377
96
...
...
467
100
377
81
*154
*33
Total trips. .
5,162
100
5,117
99
...
...
5,765
100
5,117
89
*647
*11
Total days of hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6,731
100
6,585
98
...
...
8,036
100
6,585
82
*1,451
*18
Average days of hunting. .
17
(X)
17
(X)
...
(X)
17
(X)
17
(X)
*9
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 4. California Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Place fished or hunted
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all places. .
1,700
100
467
100
In-state only. .
1,360
80
313
67
In-state and other states. .
*216
*13
*64
*14
In other states only. .
*125
*7
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 5. California Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
1,700
100
27,280
100
23,255
100
Total, all freshwater. .
1,420
84
20,441
75
16,622
71
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
1,420
84
20,441
75
16,622
71
Great Lakes. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Saltwater. .
766
45
7,722
28
6,633
29
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
467
100
8,036
100
5,765
100
Big game. .
182
39
2,828
35
981
17
Small game. .
252
54
2,389
30
1,962
34
Migratory birds. .
246
53
3,014
38
2,054
36
Other animals. .
*86
*18
*1,129
*14
*769
*13
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 19
Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in California
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total anglers. .
1,352
100
1,304
96
48
4
Total trips. .
15,059
100
14,846
99
213
1
Total days of fishing. .
17,382
100
17,086
98
296
2
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
(X)
13
(X)
6
(X)
ANGLERS
Total, all types of water. .
1,352
100
1,304
96
48
4
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
1,100
100
1,070
97
*30
*3
Rivers or streams. .
.. 653
100
626
96
*27
*4
DAYS
Total, all types of water. .
17,382
100
17,086
98
296
2
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
12,866
100
12,650
98
*216
*2
Rivers or streams. .
.. 5,633
100
5,503
98
*130
*2
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in California by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in California
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total types
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish. .
1,352
100
100
1,304
96
48
4
Crappie. .
*83
*6
*100
*83
*100
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*84
*6
*100
*84
*99
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
304
22
100
302
100
...
...
Black bass. .
452
33
100
444
98
...
...
Catfish, bullheads. .
208
15
100
*207
*99
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trout. .
798
59
100
760
95
37
5
Salmon. .
*141
*10
*100
*133
*94
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*101
*7
*100
*99
*98
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish. .
17,382
100
100
17,086
98
296
2
Crappie. .
*1,902
*11
*100
*1,902
*100
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*471
*3
*100
*467
*99
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
2,252
13
100
2,246
100
...
...
Black bass. .
6,695
39
100
6,651
99
...
...
Catfish, bullheads. .
2,563
15
100
*2,558
*100
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trout. .
9,340
54
100
9,096
97
244
3
Salmon. .
*2,025
*12
*100
*1,994
*98
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*652
*4
*100
*646
*99
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in California: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in California by Type of Fish: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 21
Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in California by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in California
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total types
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish. .
775
100
100
721
93
*54
*7
Salmon. .
*70
*9
*100
*68
*97
...
...
Striped bass. .
*158
*20
*100
*157
*100
...
...
Bluefish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Flatfish (flounder, halibut). .
*81
*10
*100
...
...
...
...
Red drum (redfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Seatrout (weakfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Mackerel. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Mahi Mahi (dolphinfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*89
*11
*100
*82
*93
...
...
Shellfish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*239
*31
*100
*216
*91
*22
*9
Another type of saltwater fish. .
470
61
100
443
94
*27
*6
DAYS
Total, all types of fish. .
7,193
100
100
6,998
97
*195
*3
Salmon. .
*472
*7
*100
*458
*97
...
...
Striped bass. .
*1,273
*18
*100
*1,272
*100
...
...
Bluefish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Flatfish (flounder, halibut). .
*167
*2
*100
...
...
...
...
Red drum (redfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Seatrout (weakfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Mackerel. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Mahi Mahi (dolphinfish). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*958
*13
*100
*888
*93
...
...
Shellfish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*588
*8
*100
*531
*90
*57
*10
Another type of saltwater fish. .
4,035
56
100
3,880
96
*155
*4
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in California: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in California
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total anglers. .
775
100
721
93
*54
*7
Total trips. .
6,438
100
6,360
99
*78
*1
Total days. .
7,193
100
6,998
97
*195
*3
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
(X)
10
(X)
*4
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in California by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters, trips, and days of hunting
Activity in California
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all hunting. .
394
100
377
96
...
...
Big game. .
154
100
143
93
...
...
Small game. .
201
100
195
97
...
...
Migratory birds. .
221
100
220
99
...
...
Other animals. .
*62
*100
*62
*100
...
...
TRIPS
Total, all hunting. .
5,162
100
5,117
99
...
...
Big game. .
714
100
691
97
...
...
Small game. .
1,740
100
1,724
99
...
...
Migratory birds. .
1,970
100
1,965
100
...
...
Other animals. .
*737
*100
*737
*100
...
...
DAYS
Total, all hunting. .
6,731
100
6,585
98
...
...
Big game. .
1,824
100
1,711
94
...
...
Small game. .
2,045
100
2,023
99
...
...
Migratory birds. .
2,860
100
2,849
100
...
...
Other animals. .
*1,058
*100
*1,058
*100
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in California by Type of Game: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of game
Hunters, state residents and nonresidents
Days of hunting
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all types of game. .
394
100
6,731
100
Big game, total. .
154
39
1,824
27
Deer. .
133
34
1,064
16
Elk. .
...
...
...
...
Bear. .
...
...
...
...
W
ild turkey. .
...
...
...
...
Other big game. .
...
...
...
...
Small game, total. .
201
51
2,045
30
Rabbit, hare. .
...
...
...
...
Quail. .
*80
*20
*850
*13
Grouse/prairie chicken. .
...
...
...
...
Squirrel. .
...
...
...
...
Pheasant. .
*137
*35
*1,042
*15
Other small game. .
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds, total. .
221
56
2,860
42
W
aterfowl. .
*128
*33
*1,838
*27
Geese. .
*68
*17
*1,438
*21
Ducks. .
*128
*33
*1,831
*27
Doves. .
*135
*34
*1,218
*18
Other migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
Other animals, total1. .
*62
*16
*1,058
*16
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 23
Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in California by Type of Land: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters and days of hunting
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all types of land. .
394
100
377
100
...
...
Public land, total. .
200
51
192
51
...
...
Public land only. .
*113
*29
*105
*28
...
...
Public and private land. .
*87
*22
*87
*23
...
...
Private land, total. .
265
67
254
67
...
...
Private land only. .
178
45
*167
*44
...
...
Private and public land. .
*87
*22
*87
*23
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of land. .
6,731
100
6,585
100
...
...
Public land1. .
3,756
56
3,742
57
...
...
Private land2. .
4,092
61
4,006
61
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land.
2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 15. Selected Characteristics of California Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Sportspersons
(fished or hunted)
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
of
sports-
persons
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of anglers
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of
hunters
Total persons. .
28,562
100
1,898
7
100
1,700
6
100
467
2
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
26,335
92
1,627
6
86
1,463
6
86
357
1
76
Rural. .
2,227
8
271
12
14
238
11
14
*111
*5
*24
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
28,477
100
1,873
7
99
1,675
6
99
467
2
100
1,000,000 or more. .
22,123
77
1,226
6
65
1,099
5
65
288
1
62
250,000 to 999,999. .
4,556
16
426
9
22
386
8
23
*115
*3
*25
50,000 to 249,999. .
1,798
6
221
12
12
191
11
11
*64
*4
*14
Outside MSA. .
85
(Z)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Sex
Male. .
13,914
49
1,537
11
81
1,360
10
80
424
3
91
Female. .
14,648
51
361
2
19
341
2
20
*44
*(Z)
*9
Age
16 to 17 years. .
836
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
3,311
12
*160
*5
*8
*160
*5
*9
...
...
...
25 to 34 years. .
5,730
20
401
7
21
334
6
20
...
...
...
35 to 44 years. .
5,448
19
391
7
21
346
6
20
*72
*1
*15
45 to 54 years. .
5,123
18
385
8
20
359
7
21
*110
*2
*24
55 to 64 years. .
3,945
14
291
7
15
274
7
16
*47
*1
*10
65 years and older. .
4,169
15
229
5
12
186
4
11
*82
*2
*18
65 to 74 years. .
2,333
8
*165
*7
*9
*138
*6
*8
...
...
...
75 and older. .
1,836
6
*64
*3
*3
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
8,503
30
282
3
15
269
3
16
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
20,059
70
1,616
8
85
1,432
7
84
436
2
93
Race
White. .
18,206
64
1,424
8
75
1,229
7
72
410
2
88
African American. .
1,488
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
8,867
31
330
4
17
327
4
19
...
...
...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
3,383
12
*108
*3
*6
*103
*3
*6
...
...
...
$20,000 to $29,999. .
2,606
9
*93
*4
*5
*93
*4
*5
...
...
...
$30,000 to $39,999. .
2,657
9
*113
*4
*6
*110
*4
*6
...
...
...
$40,000 to $49,999. .
1,810
6
*160
*9
*8
*151
*8
*9
...
...
...
$50,000 to $74,999. .
3,934
14
279
7
15
257
7
15
...
...
...
$75,000 to $99,999. .
2,718
10
235
9
12
209
8
12
*68
*3
*15
$100,000 to $149,999. .
3,159
11
378
12
20
310
10
18
*127
*4
*27
$150,000 or more. .
2,667
9
*160
*6
*8
*140
*5
*8
...
...
...
Not reported. .
5,629
20
372
7
20
329
6
19
*73
*1
*16
Education
11 years or less. .
3,988
14
*141
*4
*7
*136
*3
*8
...
...
...
12 years. .
8,906
31
594
7
31
510
6
30
*167
*2
*36
1 to 3 years of college. .
6,637
23
464
7
24
449
7
26
*93
*1
*20
4 years or more of college. .
9,031
32
699
8
37
606
7
36
*175
*2
*37
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 25
Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for
Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
3,718,773
2,030
1,831
2,015
Food and lodging. .
690,609
1,656
417
379
Transportation. .
689,612
1,738
397
372
Other trip costs2. .
741,985
1,606
462
408
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
586,059
1,296
452
313
Auxiliary equipment3. .
281,692
665
424
144
Special equipment4. .
*563,445
*142
*3,968
*310
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
14,162
169
84
8
Membership dues and contributions. .
40,344
303
133
22
Other5. .
110,863
1,401
79
61
FISHING
Total. .
2,268,610
1,789
1,268
1,333
Food and lodging. .
576,406
1,500
384
344
Transportation. .
462,576
1,527
303
273
Other trip costs2. .
581,347
1,514
384
347
Fishing equipment. .
320,577
1,132
283
182
Auxiliary equipment3. .
141,384
467
303
75
Special equipment4. .
*115,394
*95
*1,217
*69
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*3,211
*102
*31
*2
Membership dues and contributions. .
*4,328
*108
*40
*3
Other5. .
63,386
1,241
51
38
HUNTING
Total. .
964,054
444
2,173
2,419
Food and lodging. .
114,203
347
330
290
Transportation. .
227,036
413
550
555
Other trip costs2. .
160,638
239
671
407
Hunting equipment. .
224,800
314
716
568
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*88,376
*108
*817
*222
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*8,104
*53
*153
*21
Membership dues and contributions. .
*24,006
*104
*231
*61
Other5. .
47,477
255
186
120
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
412,537
177
2,335
225
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair
of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
angler (dollars)1
ALL FISHING
Total. .
2,197,685
1,770
1,242
1,291
Food and lodging. .
576,406
1,500
384
344
Transportation. .
462,576
1,527
303
273
Other trip costs. .
581,347
1,514
384
347
Equipment. .
577,356
1,250
462
326
ALL FRESHWATER
Total. .
1,301,129
1,442
902
756
Food and lodging. .
394,731
1,216
325
236
Transportation. .
281,828
1,243
227
165
Other trip costs. .
285,505
1,201
238
171
Equipment. .
339,064
809
419
184
FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES
Total. .
1,301,129
1,442
902
756
Food and lodging. .
394,731
1,216
325
236
Transportation. .
281,828
1,243
227
165
Other trip costs. .
285,505
1,201
238
171
Equipment. .
339,064
809
419
184
GREAT LAKES
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
SALTWATER
Total. .
806,493
742
1,086
482
Food and lodging. .
181,675
676
269
109
Transportation. .
180,748
641
282
108
Other trip costs. .
295,842
660
448
177
Equipment. .
148,229
383
387
89
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 27
Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per
type of hunter
(dollars)1
ALL HUNTING
Total. .
884,467
441
2,007
2,218
Food and lodging. .
114,203
347
330
290
Transportation. .
227,036
413
550
555
Other trip costs. .
160,638
239
671
407
Equipment. .
382,590
335
1,144
966
BIG GAME
Total. .
462,731
177
2,617
1,164
Food and lodging. .
50,654
138
368
128
Transportation. .
128,316
151
850
319
Other trip costs. .
*76,137
*95
*802
*193
Equipment. .
*207,624
*84
*2,472
*524
SMALL GAME
Total. .
142,412
223
640
396
Food and lodging. .
*19,002
*138
*137
*55
Transportation. .
*42,202
*206
*205
*106
Other trip costs. .
*50,936
*93
*546
*147
Equipment. .
*30,272
*78
*387
*88
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Total. .
169,115
197
858
660
Food and lodging. .
*37,200
*185
*201
*145
Transportation. .
41,628
197
211
162
Other trip costs. .
*32,915
*111
*298
*128
Equipment. .
*57,372
*105
*549
*224
OTHER ANIMALS
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 19. Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average
per angler
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of anglers
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
2,268,610
1,333
1,789
107
1,268
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
1,620,329
965
1,656
99
978
Food and lodging, total. .
576,406
344
1,500
90
384
Food. .
395,422
236
1,493
89
265
Lodging. .
180,984
108
536
32
338
Transportation. .
462,576
273
1,527
91
303
Other trip costs, total. .
581,347
347
1,514
90
384
Privilege and other fees2. .
229,395
137
733
44
313
Boating costs3. .
222,065
133
352
21
632
Bait. .
91,606
55
1,025
61
89
Ice. .
25,966
16
917
55
28
Heating and cooking fuel. .
12,315
7
360
21
34
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR FISHING
Fishing equipment, total. .
320,577
182
1,132
68
283
Reels, rods, and rod-making components. .
125,481
71
653
39
192
Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.. .
78,835
45
987
59
80
Artificial lures and flies. .
51,145
30
828
49
62
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks. .
*3,662
*1
*150
*9
*24
Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers. .
*3,606
*2
*85
*5
*43
Other fishing equipment4. .
57,848
33
369
22
157
Auxiliary equipment5. .
141,384
75
467
28
303
Special equipment6. .
*115,394
*69
*95
*6
*1,217
Other fishing costs7. .
70,925
42
1,274
76
56
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use.
3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment,
processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 29
Table 20. Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount (thousands
of dollars)
Average
per hunter
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of hunters
Average per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
964,054
2,419
444
112
2,173
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
501,877
1,252
424
107
1,184
Food and lodging, total. .
114,203
290
347
88
330
Food. .
91,020
231
343
87
265
Lodging. .
*23,183
*59
*105
*27
*221
Transportation. .
227,036
555
413
105
550
Other trip costs, total. .
160,638
407
239
61
671
Privilege and other fees2. .
*111,006
*281
*186
*47
*596
Boating costs3. .
...
...
...
...
...
Heating and cooking fuel. .
*4,613
*12
*131
*33
*35
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING
Hunting equipment, total. .
224,800
568
314
80
716
Firearms. .
*81,565
*207
*65
*16
*1,256
Ammunition. .
49,712
126
232
59
214
Other hunting equipment4. .
93,522
235
183
46
510
Auxiliary equipment5. .
*88,376
*222
*108
*27
*817
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other hunting costs7. .
79,588
202
281
71
283
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment.
3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery
equipment, and other hunting equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of
equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included.30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in California for Fishing and Hunting by California Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per sportsperson
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
3,553,403
2,005
1,772
9,008
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
2,202,772
1,779
1,238
1,291
Food and lodging. .
576,406
1,500
384
344
Transportation. .
462,576
1,527
303
273
Boating costs2. .
222,065
352
632
133
Other trip costs3. .
359,282
1,506
239
215
Equipment. .
582,443
1,259
462
326
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
950,101
548
1,735
2,218
Food and lodging. .
114,203
347
330
290
Transportation. .
227,036
413
550
555
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
115,618
239
483
293
Equipment. .
448,224
441
1,016
966
Unspecified equipment4. .
*400,530
*140
*2,860
*1,015
STATE RESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
3,452,114
1,797
1,921
9,160
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
2,122,438
1,604
1,323
1,325
Food and lodging. .
546,876
1,413
387
347
Transportation. .
443,032
1,434
309
278
Boating costs2. .
221,073
338
654
140
Other trip costs3. .
350,438
1,420
247
222
Equipment. .
561,018
1,158
484
337
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
929,146
512
1,814
2,271
Food and lodging. .
102,747
332
309
273
Transportation. .
221,739
397
559
567
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
114,493
234
488
304
Equipment. .
445,146
423
1,053
1,008
Unspecified equipment4. .
*400,530
*140
*2,860
*1,063
NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
101,289
208
487
5,757
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
80,334
175
459
752
Food and lodging. .
29,530
87
341
301
Transportation. .
19,544
93
210
199
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
8,843
86
103
90
Equipment. .
*21,425
*101
*211
*151
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
*20,955
*35
*594
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
Unspecified equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil.
4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 31
Table 22. Summary of California Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside California: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
4,009,484
1,875
2,138
2,112
Food and lodging. .
750,304
1,733
433
395
Transportation. .
652,535
1,703
383
344
Other trip costs2. .
776,031
1,615
480
409
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
689,554
1,375
502
363
Auxiliary equipment3. .
300,673
645
466
158
Special equipment4. .
*606,469
*144
*4,220
*319
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
15,705
197
80
8
Membership dues and contributions. .
41,611
310
134
22
Other5. .
176,602
1,450
122
93
FISHING
Total. .
2,407,827
1,668
1,444
1,416
Food and lodging. .
622,207
1,535
405
366
Transportation. .
448,777
1,498
300
264
Other trip costs2. .
635,733
1,520
418
374
Fishing equipment. .
368,366
1,207
305
217
Auxiliary equipment3. .
139,313
419
332
82
Special equipment4. .
*102,188
*94
*1,093
*60
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*3,373
*113
*30
*2
Membership dues and contributions. .
*4,464
*103
*43
*3
Other5. .
83,406
1,279
65
49
HUNTING
Total. .
1,067,043
451
2,365
2,284
Food and lodging. .
128,097
406
315
274
Transportation. .
203,758
420
485
436
Other trip costs2. .
140,298
235
597
300
Hunting equipment. .
277,906
318
873
595
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*106,708
*145
*735
*228
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*9,699
*71
*136
*21
Membership dues and contributions. .
*24,417
*113
*217
*52
Other5. .
93,197
287
324
199
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
458,926
179
2,564
242
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and
repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by California Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)1
IN CALIFORNIA
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
3,608,161
1,808
1,995
1,982
Trip-related expenditures. .
2,045,419
1,741
1,175
1,124
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
581,222
1,256
463
319
Auxiliary equipment2. .
275,233
585
470
151
Special equipment3. .
*550,239
*141
*3,912
*302
Other4. .
156,048
1,412
110
86
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
2,183,957
1,604
1,362
1,305
Trip-related expenditures. .
1,561,420
1,561
1,000
933
Fishing equipment. .
317,736
1,104
288
190
Auxiliary equipment2. .
136,007
396
344
81
Special equipment3. .
*102,188
*94
*1,093
*61
Other4. .
66,606
1,211
55
40
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
938,887
412
2,281
2,380
Trip-related expenditures. .
483,999
406
1,192
1,227
Hunting equipment. .
222,804
303
735
565
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*87,777
*104
*846
*223
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
74,892
269
278
190
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
412,229
173
2,384
226
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
819,174
1,591
515
450
Trip-related expenditures. .
551,301
435
1,269
303
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
108,332
1,375
79
60
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*25,440
*645
*39
*14
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
77,871
527
148
43
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
435,086
1,334
326
260
Trip-related expenditures. .
356,514
332
1,075
213
Fishing equipment. .
*50,630
*1,207
*42
*30
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
*24,637
*305
*81
*15
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
338,499
421
804
858
Trip-related expenditures. .
*194,788
*138
*1,413
*494
Hunting equipment. .
*55,102
*318
*173
*140
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*22,639
*145
*156
*57
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
*52,420
*177
*297
*133
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders,
maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes,
house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and
plantings.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 33
Table 24. Wildlife Watching in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
6,733
100
Away from home. .
2,790
41
Observe wildlife. .
2,564
38
Photograph wildlife. .
1,721
26
Feed wildlife. .
393
6
Around the home. .
5,939
88
Observe wildlife. .
4,121
61
Photograph wildlife. .
2,518
37
Feed wildlife. .
3,413
51
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
1,495
22
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
1,051
16
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
California: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants, trips, and days of participation
Activity in California
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
PARTICIPANTS
Total participants. .
2,790
100
2,407
100
383
100
Observe wildlife. .
2,564
92
2,213
92
351
92
Photograph wildlife. .
1,721
62
1,432
59
289
76
Feed wildlife. .
393
14
*363
*15
*30
*8
TRIPS
Total Trips. .
19,839
100
18,884
100
955
100
Average days per trip. .
1
(X)
1
(X)
3
(X)
DAYS
Total days. .
27,352
100
24,683
100
2,668
100
Observing wildlife. .
21,622
79
19,469
79
2,153
81
Photographing wildlife. .
10,411
38
8,771
36
1,640
61
Feeding wildlife. .
2,487
9
*2,411
*10
...
...
Average days per participant. .
10
(X)
10
(X)
7
(X)
Observing wildlife. .
8
(X)
9
(X)
6
(X)
Photographing wildlife. .
6
(X)
6
(X)
6
(X)
Feeding wildlife. .
6
(X)
*7
(X)
...
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in California: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total all wildlife. .
2,790
100
2,407
86
383
14
Total birds. .
2,415
100
2,093
87
322
13
Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). .
1,294
100
1,114
86
180
14
Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.). .
1,792
100
1,621
90
171
10
Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,544
100
1,408
91
135
9
Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.). .
1,535
100
1,386
90
149
10
Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.). .
826
100
767
93
*59
*7
Total land mammals. .
1,619
100
1,406
87
213
13
Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.). .
975
100
857
88
*118
*12
Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.). .
1,432
100
1,255
88
177
12
Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.). .
.. 574
100
553
96
...
...
Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.). .
1,186
100
1,106
93
*80
*7
Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.). .
1,329
100
1,203
91
*126
*9
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in California: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Around the home
Participants
Number
Percent
Total around-the-home participants. .
5,939
100
Observe wildlife. .
4,121
69
Visit parks and natural areas1. .
1,495
25
Photograph wildlife. .
2,518
42
Feed wildlife. .
3,413
57
Maintain natural areas. .
505
9
Maintain plantings. .
809
14
Participants Observing Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
4,121
100
Birds. .
3,976
96
Land mammals. .
2,931
71
Large mammals. .
971
24
Small mammals. .
2,800
68
Amphibians or reptiles. .
1,646
40
Insects or spiders. .
1,780
43
Fish and other wildlife. .
851
21
Total, 1 day or more. .
4,121
100
1 to 10 days. .
977
24
1
1 to 50 days. .
826
20
51 to 200 days. .
1,194
29
201 days or more. .
905
22
Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas1
Total, 1 day or more. .
1,495
100
1 to 5 days. .
597
40
6 to 10 days. .
*310
*21
1
1 days or more. .
588
39
Participants Photographing Wildlife
Total, 1 day or more. .
2,518
100
1 to 3 days. .
1,318
52
4 to 10 days. .
567
23
1
1 or more days. .
593
24
Participants Feeding Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
3,413
100
W
ild birds. .
3,263
96
Other wildlife. .
816
24
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 35
Table 28. California Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent of participants
Percent of population
Total participants. .
6,475
100
23
Away from home. .
2,675
41
9
Around the home. .
5,939
92
21
Observe wildlife. .
4,121
64
14
Photograph wildlife. .
2,518
39
9
Feed wild birds or other wildlife. .
3,413
53
12
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
1,051
16
4
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
1,495
23
5
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column
showing percent of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.
Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in California by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Observers and days of observation
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
OBSERVERS
Total bird observers. .
4,864
100
4,572
100
292
100
Around-the-home observers. .
3,976
82
3,976
87
(X)
(X)
Away-from-home observers. .
2,266
47
1,974
43
292
100
DAYS
Total days observing birds. . .. .
412,441
100
410,556
100
1,885
100
Around the home. .
391,822
95
391,822
95
(X)
(X)
Away from home. .
20,619
5
18,734
5
1,885
100
(X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 30. Selected Characteristics of California Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Participants
Total
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Total persons. .
28,562
100
6,475
23
100
2,675
9
100
5,939
21
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
26,335
92
5,441
21
84
2,326
9
87
4,991
19
84
Rural. .
2,227
8
1,034
46
16
349
16
13
948
43
16
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
28,477
100
6,431
23
99
2,639
9
99
5,900
21
99
1,000,000 or more. .
22,123
77
4,865
22
75
1,913
9
72
4,470
20
75
250,000 to 999,999. .
4,556
16
1,066
23
16
451
10
17
976
21
16
50,000 to 249,999. .
1,798
6
501
28
8
*276
*15
*10
453
25
8
Outside MSA. .
85
(Z)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Sex
Male. .
13,914
49
3,303
24
51
1,538
11
58
2,933
21
49
Female. .
14,648
51
3,172
22
49
1,136
8
42
3,006
21
51
Age
16 to 17 years. .
836
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
3,311
12
*293
*9
*5
*210
*6
*8
*208
*6
*4
25 to 34 years. .
5,730
20
866
15
13
*336
*6
*13
747
13
13
35 to 44 years. .
5,448
19
1,136
21
18
687
13
26
949
17
16
45 to 54 years. .
5,123
18
1,173
23
18
404
8
15
1,109
22
19
55 to 64 years. .
3,945
14
1,396
35
22
641
16
24
1,359
34
23
65 years and older. .
4,169
15
1,517
36
23
380
9
14
1,489
36
25
65 to 74 years. .
2,333
8
1,085
46
17
*356
*15
*13
1,056
45
18
75 and older. .
1,836
6
432
24
7
...
...
...
432
24
7
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
8,503
30
968
11
15
*340
*4
*13
846
10
14
Non-Hispanic. .
20,059
70
5,507
27
85
2,334
12
87
5,093
25
86
Race
White. .
18,206
64
5,209
29
80
2,276
12
85
4,755
26
80
African American. .
1,488
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
8,867
31
855
10
13
*275
*3
*10
773
9
13
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
3,383
12
636
19
10
*293
*9
*11
568
17
10
$20,000 to $29,999. .
2,606
9
338
13
5
*192
*7
*7
*272
*10
*5
$30,000 to $39,999. .
2,657
9
544
20
8
...
...
...
544
20
9
$40,000 to $49,999. .
1,810
6
*523
*29
*8
*249
*14
*9
*518
*29
*9
$50,000 to $74,999. .
3,934
14
1,067
27
16
*324
*8
*12
982
25
17
$75,000 to $99,999. .
2,718
10
709
26
11
469
17
18
644
24
11
$100,000 to $149,999. .
3,159
11
927
29
14
367
12
14
841
27
14
$150,000 or more. .
2,667
9
799
30
12
*230
*9
*9
794
30
13
Not reported. .
5,629
20
933
17
14
*486
*9
*18
775
14
13
Education
11 years or less. .
3,988
14
*214
*5
*3
...
...
...
*198
*5
*3
12 years. .
8,906
31
1,808
20
28
748
8
28
1,547
17
26
1 to 3 years of college. .
6,637
23
1,751
26
27
489
7
18
1,668
25
28
4 years or more of college .
9,031
32
2,702
30
42
1,364
15
51
2,525
28
43
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 37
Table 31. Expenditures in California by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of wildlife-watching participants2
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
3,777,677
533
5,121
76
738
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
1,781,680
608
2,687
96
663
Food and lodging. .
933,483
335
2,256
81
414
Food. .
545,771
196
2,236
80
244
Lodging. .
387,712
139
1,117
40
347
Transportation. .
663,484
207
2,565
92
259
Other trip costs3. .
184,713
66
1,424
51
130
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
1,995,996
281
4,120
61
485
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
689,999
96
3,250
48
212
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
70,085
*8
641
10
109
Film and photo processing. .
61,935
9
506
8
122
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic
equipment, including memory cards. .
254,893
35
689
10
370
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
67,342
9
599
9
113
Bird food. .
159,204
24
1,824
27
87
Food for other wildlife. .
*20,599
*3
*267
*4
*77
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
42,792
6
976
14
44
Other equipment (including field guides). .
13,148
2
575
9
23
Auxiliary equipment4. .
203,591
29
1,019
15
200
Special equipment5. .
*592,386
*85
*142
*2
*4,184
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
18,242
3
544
8
34
Membership dues and contributions. .
343,640
47
1,161
17
296
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
144,935
22
778
12
186
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in California for Wildlife Watching by California Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
3,267,657
4,737
690
462
Food and lodging. .
933,483
2,256
414
335
Transportation. .
663,484
2,565
259
207
Other trip costs2. .
184,713
1,424
130
66
Equipment3. .
1,485,977
3,515
423
210
STATE RESIDENTS
Total. .
2,896,920
4,155
697
441
Food and lodging. .
735,402
1,897
388
305
Transportation. .
565,934
2,227
254
200
Other trip costs2. .
173,738
1,245
140
72
Equipment3. .
1,421,845
3,280
434
222
NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
370,737
581
638
804
Food and lodging. .
198,081
359
552
517
Transportation. .
97,550
339
288
255
Other trip costs2. .
10,975
179
61
29
Equipment3. .
*64,132
*235
*273
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 39
Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside California by California Residents: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per
participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
wildlife-watching participants2
Average per spender (dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
4,477,069
691
4,499
69
995
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
2,331,567
872
2,382
89
979
Food and lodging. .
964,537
361
2,071
77
466
Food. .
588,055
220
2,071
77
284
Lodging. .
376,483
141
1,021
38
369
Transportation. .
766,816
287
2,273
85
337
Other trip costs3. .
600,214
224
1,501
56
400
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
2,145,503
331
3,832
59
560
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
821,256
127
3,049
47
269
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
94,439
15
521
8
181
Film and photo processing. .
60,693
9
513
8
118
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other
photographic equipment, including memory cards. .
352,387
54
722
11
488
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
70,406
11
597
9
118
Bird food. .
160,616
25
1,853
29
87
Food for other wildlife. .
*20,812
*3
*271
*4
*77
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
43,496
7
978
15
44
Other equipment. .
18,405
3
615
9
30
Auxiliary equipment4. .
202,775
31
975
15
208
Special equipment5. .
*569,029
*88
*141
*2
*4,039
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
20,465
3
572
9
36
Membership dues and contributions. .
379,590
59
1,233
19
308
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
144,935
22
778
12
186
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by California Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure Item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
IN CALIFORNIA
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,377,947
4,392
769
530
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. 1,475,075
2,327
634
613
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
654,893
3,018
217
101
Auxiliary equipment5. .
197,924
963
206
31
Special equipment6. .
*569,029
*141
*4,039
*90
Other7. .
481,027
1,692
284
76
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
965,733
843
1,145
1,491
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. 856,492
572
1,497
1,476
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
*81,826
*229
*357
...
Auxiliary equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
*22,564
*145
*155
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both
away-from-home and around-the-home participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and
packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment.
5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 35. Participation of California Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Total wildlife watchers
Wildife-watching activity
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
6,475
100
2,675
100
5,939
100
Wildlife-watching participants who:
Did not fish or hunt. .
5,462
84
2,017
75
5,141
87
Fished or hunted. .
1,013
16
658
25
798
13
Fished. .
917
14
635
24
712
12
Hunted. .
242
4
*140
*5
*233
*4
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 41
Table 36. Participation of California Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Sportspersons
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total sportspersons. .
1,898
100
1,700
100
467
100
Sportspersons who:
Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities. .
885
47
783
46
225
48
Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. .
1,013
53
917
54
242
52
A
way from home. .
658
35
635
37
*140
*30
Around the home. .
798
42
712
42
*233
*50
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
State reports for previous Surveys included tables that had estimates for all fifty states. In order to expedite release of the 2011 California State report, state estimates have been deleted. To find state estimates other than California, go to http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/reports2011.html.
State reports are being released alphabetically, beginning in early 2013.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 43
Appendix A
44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Annual household income—Total 2011 income of household members before taxes and other deductions.
Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and natural areas to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife.
Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlife-watching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. For both sportspersons and wildlife watchers, it also includes electronic auxiliary equipment such as Global Positioning Systems.
Away-from-home wildlife watching—Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not included.
Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted.
Census Divisions
East North Central
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
East South Central
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Mountain
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
New England
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Pacific
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
South Atlantic
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
West Virginia
West North Central
Kansas
Iowa
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Day—Any part of a day spent partici­pating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the after­noon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting.
Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college.
Expenditures—Money spent in 2011 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books, magazines, and DVDs; membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning; hunting and fishing licenses; and plant­ings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by partici­pants for themselves and the value of gifts they received.
Appendix A.
DefinitionsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California 45
Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing.
Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing:
Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components
Lines and leaders
Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines
Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits
Tackle boxes
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks
Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers
Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices
Ice fishing equipment
Other fishing equipment
Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams.
Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon.
Home—The starting point of a wild­life-related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin.
Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with fire­arms or archery equipment.
Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting:
Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns
Archery equipment
Telescopic sights
Decoys and game calls
Ammunition
Hand loading equipment
Hunting dogs and associated costs
Other hunting equipment
Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it.
Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environ­ment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)—A Metropolitan Statis­tical Area is a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. The “Outside MSA” classification include census-defined Micropolitan Statistical Areas (or Micro areas). A Micro area is defined as a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhab­itants. Refer to <www.census.gov
/population/metro/about/>, for a more detailed definition of the Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted.
Multiple responses—The term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, for example, total participants is the sum of male and female partici­pants, because “male” and “female” are mutually exclusive categories.
Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California.
Nonresponse—A term used to reflect the fact that some Survey respondents provide incomplete sets of informa­tion. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Total hunting expen­diture estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts.
Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fish or other wildlife.
Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, alligators, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classified as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classified as unprotected or preda­tory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classified as “other animals” in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game.
Participants—Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or a wildlife-watching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, fished, or wildlife watched in 2011 to be considered a participant.
Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.”
Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure.
Private land—Land owned by a busi­ness, nongovernmental organization, private individual, or a group of indi­viduals such as an association or club.
Public land—Land that is owned by local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds),
46 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—California U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
State governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or the federal government (such as National Forests, Recreational Areas, and Wild­life Refuges).
Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California and watches whales in California is a resi­dential wildlife watcher in California.
Rural—All territory, population, and housing units located outside of urban­ized areas and urban clusters, as deter­mined by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and sou