2011 national survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation Pennsylvania

              PennsylvaniaU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated RecreationBaitU.S. Department of the Interior
Sally Jewell,
Secretary
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. Department of Commerce
Rebecca M. Blank,
Acting Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Mark Doms,
Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Senior Adviser Performing the Duties
of the Director
FHW/11-PA
Issued May 2013
2011 National Survey of
Fishing, Hunting, and
Wildlife-Associated Recreation
Bait
Pennsylvania
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsi­bilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities.
The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide finan­cial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
Suggested Citation
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Dan Ashe,
Director
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Senior Adviser Performing the Duties
of the Director
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration
Hannibal Bolton,
Assistant Director
U.S. Department of the Interior
Sally Jewell,
Secretary
Economics and Statistics
Administration
Mark Doms,
Under Secretary for
Economic AffairsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania iii
Contents
List of Tables. . iv
Foreword. . vi
Survey Background and Method. . vii
Highlights
Introduction. . 2
Summary. . 4
Wildlife-Related Recreation. . 5
Sportspersons. . 6
Anglers. . 7
Hunters. . 9
Wildlife Watchers. . 11
2001–2011 Comparison. . 13
Tables
Guide to Statistical Tables. . 16
Fishing and Hunting Tables. . 17
Wildlife-Watching Tables. . 33
Appendixes
A. Definitions. . 44
B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews. . 48
C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends. . 54
D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy. . 64iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
List of Tables
Fishing and Hunting
1. Fishing and Hunting in Pennsylvania by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011. . 17
2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Pennsylvania by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 17
3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011. . 18
4. Pennsylvania Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5. Pennsylvania Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States
by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 18
6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011. . 19
7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania by Type of Fish: 2011. . 19
8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania: 2011. . 20
9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania by Type of Fish: 2011. . 20
10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania: 2011. . 21
11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania by Type of Fish: 2011. . 21
12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Pennsylvania by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 22
13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Pennsylvania by Type of Game: 2011. . 22
14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Pennsylvania by Type of Land: 2011. . 23
15. Selected Characteristics of Pennsylvania Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
16. Summary of Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined
for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 25
17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011. . 26
18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and
Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011. . 27
19. Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011. . 28
20. Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011. . 29
21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Pennsylvania for Fishing and Hunting by Pennsylvania Residents
and Nonresidents: 2011. . 30
22. Summary of Pennsylvania Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and
Outside Pennsylvania: 2011. . 31
23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Pennsylvania Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 32
Wildlife Watching
24. Wildlife Watching in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011. . 33
25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Pennsylvania: 2011. . 33
26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed,
or Fed in Pennsylvania: 2011. . 34
27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Pennsylvania: 2011. . 34
28. Pennsylvania Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011. . 35
29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . . . . . . . . 35U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania v
30. Selected Characteristics of Pennsylvania Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 36
31. Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 37
32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Pennsylvania for Wildlife Watching by
Pennsylvania Residents and Nonresidents: 2011. . 38
33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Pennsylvania by Pennsylvania Residents: 2011. . 39
34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Pennsylvania Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011. . 40
35. Participation of Pennsylvania Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011. . 40
36. Participation of Pennsylvania Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011. . 41vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
When I was growing up, it was taken as a matter of faith that kids belonged outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and during those long, hot Atlanta summers, it was common for our mom to holler, “You boys get outside, and don’t come back ‘til it’s dark.” It never occurred to me or my brothers to do anything else in our spare time but explore the world around us. The truth is, we had little else to do. But those experiences – waking up on frosty mornings and starting the campfire, scanning trees for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel in the dawn light, scouring creek beds for crawdads and other fishing bait, or simply of the fun we had tramping through the forest – shaped who I am, and drew me to a career in conserva­tion.
That’s why I’m excited by this 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This report, the 12th in a series that began in 1955, documents a significant resurgence in the number of people embracing America’s Great Outdoors.
Hunting participation has increased by 9 percent, while angling participation grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent of Americans participated in wildlife-related recreation, an increase of 2.6 million participants from the 2006 Survey.
In addition, wildlife-related recre­ation is a major driver of the nation’s economy. The 2011 Survey estimates that Americans spent $145 billion on related gear, trips, licenses, land acqui­sition or leases, and other purchases, representing about one percent of the nation’s gross domestic product.
This spending creates thousands of jobs, supports countless local commu­nities and provides vital funding for conservation.
This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restora­tion Program, a cornerstone of wildlife conservation in the United States. Through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery and angling equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has distributed over $14 billion for State and territorial wildlife conser­vation programs.
This report would not have been possible without the combined efforts of state wildlife agencies – which provided financial support through the Multi-State Conservation Grant Programs – the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and a number of major national conservation organiza­tions. We also owe our gratitude to the thousands of survey respondents from households across America. Because
of you, this Survey is the nation’s definitive wildlife-related recreation database and information source concerning participation and purchases associated with hunting, fishing and other forms of wildlife-associated recreation nationwide.
The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedi­cated to connecting people and families with nature. We are proud to celebrate the good news in this report, and we look forward to continuing progress as we work with the States, and all our partners and the public to help keep recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching growing and going strong.
Dan Ashe
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
ForewordU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania vii
Survey Background and Method
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wild­life watchers, how often they partici­pate, and how much they spend on their activities in the United States.
Preparations for the 2011 Survey began in 2008 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to coordinate the twelfth National Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as amended.
Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey plan­ning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives.
We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the American Sportfishing Association and National Shooting Sports Foundation to deter­mine survey content. Other sportsper­sons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice.
Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2011. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 48,600 households nationwide, to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2010, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2011. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2010 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2011 activities. For more information on the 2010 data, refer to Appendix B.
The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2011 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2011, and the last in January 2012. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expendi­tures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 11,330 anglers and hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D.
Comparability With
Previous Surveys
The 2011 Survey’s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable.
The methodology for these Surveys differs significantly from the 1955 to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in meth­odology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods.Highlights
2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from inter­views with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2011 participa­tion and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older.
The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activi­ties in the State in 2011. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected in the Survey’s household screen phase, we can estimate that about 51 percent more anglers and 44 percent more hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years prior to the screen survey year 2010.
In addition to 2011 estimates, we also provide trend information in the High­lights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2011 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports because they used similar methodolo­gies. The 2011 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted prior to 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy.
The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey.
This report does not provide infor­mation about the State’s wildlife resources. That, and additional infor­mation on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s website is www.fishwildlife.org.
Additionally, this report does not provide information about the State’s number of licensed anglers and hunters. Historical license data can be found at wsfrprograms.fws.gov.
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Wildlife-related recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activi­ties. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-related recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photo­graphing, and feeding fish or wildlife.
Fishing and Hunting
This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters.
Sportspersons
Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2011 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups shown in the diagram below: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted.
The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice.
Anglers
Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing.
SportspersonsAnglersHuntersFished onlyFishedandhuntedHuntedonly
IntroductionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 3
Hunters
Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns, but also those who have no license and those who engage in hunting with archery equipment, muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms, or pistols or handguns.
Four types of hunting are reported:
(1) big game, (2) small game,
(3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters partici­pated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters.
Wildlife Watchers
Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlife-watching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the National Surveys since 1991 have collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife).
The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wild­life around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included.
Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residen­tial) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of partici­pants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. Only those engaged in activities whose primary purpose was wildlife watching are included in the Survey. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are defined below.
Away-From-Home
This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities.
Around-The-Home
This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to iden­tify birds or other wildlife; (2) photo­graphing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern;
(5) maintaining plantings (shrubs,
agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit
to wildlife is the primary concern; or
(6) visiting parks and natural areas within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife.4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing. .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants.
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home. .
Average days of participation
away from home. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Fishing
Anglers. .
Days of fishing. .
Average days per angler. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per angler. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Hunting
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days of hunting. .
Average days per hunter. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per hunter. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Wildlife Watching
Total wildlife-watching participants.
Away-from-home participants. .
Around-the-home participants. .
Days of participation away from home. .
Average days of participation
away from home. .
Total expenditures. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment and other. .
Average per participant. .
Average trip expenditure per day. .
Activities in Pennsylvania by Residents and Nonresidents
Activities by Pennsylvania Residents Both Inside and Outside Pennsylvania
2011 Pennsylvania Summary
1,101,000
10,136,000
9
$485,490,000
$228,510,000
$256,980,000
$409
$23
775,000
18,247,000
24
$970,598,000
$172,710,000
$797,888,000
$1,207
$9
3,598,000
809,000
3,228,000
9,554,000
12
$1,270,888,000
$266,669,000
$1,004,219,000
$308
$28
1,008,000
9,896,000
10
$401,294,000
$209,222,000
$192,072,000
$398
$21
703,000
17,826,000
25
$942,880,000
$130,498,000
$812,382,000
$1,341
$7
3,329,000
734,000
3,228,000
7,863,000
11
$1,002,614,000
$86,767,000
$915,847,000
$301
$11U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 5
Wildlife-Related Recreation
Participation in Pennsylvania
The 2011 Survey found that 4.6 million Pennsylvania residents and nonresi­dents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Pennsyl­vania. Of the total number of partici­pants, 1.1 million fished, 775 thousand hunted, and 3.6 million participated in wildlife-watching activities, which includes observing, feeding, and photo­graphing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many of the individuals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity.
Participation in 2011 by 6- to 15-Year-Old Pennsylvania Residents
The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2010. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old participants to participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2010 and 2011. Based on this assumption, in addition to the 1.0 million resident anglers 16 years old or older in Pennsylvania, there were 282 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 703 thousand Pennsylvanians 16 years old and older and 63 thousand Pennsylvanians 6 to 15 years old who hunted. Finally, there were 3.3 million Pennsylvanians 16 years old and older and 586 thousand Pennsylvanians 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Information on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B.
Expenditures in Pennsylvania
In 2011, state residents and nonresi­dents spent $2.8 billion on wildlife recreation in Pennsylvania. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $668 million and equipment expen­ditures totaled $1.6 billion. The remaining $527 million was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items.
Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Pennsylvania: 2011
(U.S. residents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
.
Sportspersons
Total. .
Anglers. .
Hunters. .
.
Wildlife Watchers
Total. .
Away from home. .
Around the home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Tables 1 and 24.
Percent of Total Participantsby Activity(Total: 4.6 million participants)WildlifeWatchingHuntingFishing 24%17%79%Wildlife-RelatedRecreation Expendituresin Pennsylvania(Total: $2.8 billion)Trip-related 24%Equipment57%Other19%Percent of Total Residential Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Activity: 2010(Total: 810 thousand participants)WildlifeWatchingHuntingFishing 45%71%8%
4.6 million
1.4 million
1.1 million
775 thousand
3.6 million
809 thousand
3.2 million
6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Sportspersons
In 2011, 1.4 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Pennsyl­vania. This group was comprised of 1.1 million anglers (77 percent of all sportspersons) and 775 thousand hunters (54 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 1.4 million sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 649 thousand (46 percent) fished but did not hunt in Pennsylvania. Another 323 thousand (23 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 452 thousand (32 percent) fished and hunted in Pennsyl­vania in 2011.
Sportspersons’ Participation in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
.
Anglers. .
Fished only. .
Fished and hunted. .
.
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hunted only. .
Hunted and fished. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 1.
1.4 million
1.1 million
649 thousand
452 thousand
775 thousand
323 thousand
452 thousandU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 7
Anglers
Participants and Days of Fishing
In 2011, 1.1 million state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Pennsylvania. Of this total, 891 thousand anglers (81 percent) were state residents and 210 thousand anglers (19 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 10.1 million days in Pennsylvania—an average of 9 days per angler. State residents fished 8.4 million days—83 percent of all fishing days in Pennsylvania. Nonresidents fished 1.8 million days in Pennsylvania—17 percent of all fishing days in the state.
A large majority of Pennsylvania residents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 1.0 million Penn­sylvania residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2011 for a total of 9.9 million days. An estimated 88 percent of all Penn­sylvania residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by Pennsylvania residents, 85 percent or 8.4 million were in their home state. For further details about fishing in Pennsylvania, see Table 3.
Anglers in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Anglers. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of fishing. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
Source: Table 3.
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Pennsylvania anglers. .
In Pennsylvania. .
In other states. .
.
Days of fishing. .
In Pennsylvania. .
In other states. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 3.
1.1 million
891 thousand
210 thousand
10.1 million
8.4 million
1.8 million
1.0 million
891 thousand
311 thousand
9.9 million
8.4 million
1.6 million8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Fishing Expenditures in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Fishing. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 19.
Fishing Expenditures in Pennsylvania
All fishing-related expenditures in Pennsylvania totaled $485 million in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging, transporta­tion, and other expenses totaled $229 million—47 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $77 million and transportation expenditures were $83 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $69 million. Each angler spent an average of $208 on trip-related costs during 2011.
Anglers spent $194 million on equip­ment in Pennsylvania in 2011, 40 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, lines, etc.) spending totaled $114 million—59 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothing, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $80 million—41 percent of the equipment total. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $63 million—13 percent of all fishing expenditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Pennsylvania, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23.
Fishing Expenditures in Pennsylvania(Total: $485 million)Equipment 40%Trip-related47%Other13%
$485 million
$229 million
$194 million
$114 million
$80 million
$63 million
Percent of Anglers by Residence(Total: 1.1 million participants)NonresidentsResidents81%19%U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 9
Hunters
Participants and Days of Hunting
In 2011, there were 775 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Pennsyl­vania. Resident hunters numbered 699 thousand, accounting for 90 percent of the hunters in Pennsylvania. There were 76 thousand nonresidents who hunted in Pennsylvania—10 percent of the State’s hunters. Residents and nonresi­dents hunted 18.2 million days in 2011, an average of 24 days per hunter. Residents hunted 17.6 million days in Pennsylvania or 97 percent of all hunting days, while nonresidents spent 598 thousand days in Pennsylvania or 3 percent of all hunting days.
There were 703 thousand Pennsylvania residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2011 for a total of 17.8 million days. An estimated 99 percent of all Pennsyl­vania residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Pennsylvania residents, 99 percent or 17.6 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. For further informa­tion on hunting activities by Pennsyl­vania residents, see Table 3.
Hunters in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
.
Days of hunting. .
Residents. .
Nonresidents. .
Source: Table 3.
775 thousand
699 thousand
76 thousand
18.2 million
17.6 million
598 thousand
In State/Out of State
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Pennsylvania hunters. .
In Pennsylvania. .
In other states. .
.
Days of hunting. .
In Pennsylvania. .
In other states. .
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Source: Table 3.
703 thousand
699 thousand
...
17.8 million
17.6 million
...10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Hunting Expenditures in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Hunting. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 20.
Hunting Expenditures in Pennsylvania
All hunting-related expenditures in Pennsylvania totaled $971 million in 2011. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transporta­tion, and other trip expenses, totaled $173 million—18 percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $62 million and transportation expenditures were $99 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $12 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $223.
Hunters spent $564 million on equip­ment—58 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $319 million and made up 57 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $244 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 43 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting.
The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing, and ownership, cost hunters $234 million—24 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Pennsylvania, see Tables 20 through 23.
Hunting Expenditures in Pennsylvania(Total: $971 million)Equipment 58%Trip-related18%Other24%Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting All huntingBig game Small gameMigratory birdsOther animals$223$205$61......$9$9$11Trip expenditures per hunter:... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.Trip expenditures per day:......
$971 million
$173 million
$564 million
$319 million
$244 million
$234 million
Percent of Hunters by Residence(Total: 775 thousand participants)NonresidentsResidents90%10%U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 11
Participants and Days of Activity
In 2011, 3.6 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Pennsyl­vania. Most of them, 90 percent (3.2 million), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People participating in away-from-home activities in
Pennsylvania in 2011 numbered
809 thousand—22 percent of all
wildlife watchers in Pennsylvania.
Of the 809 thousand, 502 thousand were state residents and 307 thousand were nonresidents.
Pennsylvanians 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife watching within their state totaled 502 thousand. Of this group, 502 thousand participants observed wildlife and 191 thousand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one of the away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number away-from-home participants.
Pennsylvanians spent 7.2 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. They spent 6.2 million days observing and 2.3 million days photographing wild­life. For further details about away-from-home activities, see Table 25.
Pennsylvania residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2011, 3.2 million state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within one mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 2.4 million fed, 2.4 million observed, and 1.0 million photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 410 thousand participants maintained natural areas of one-quarter acre or more for wildlife; 300 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife; and 471 thousand participants visited parks or natural areas within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an estimate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 20 percent of Pennsylvanian around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Pennsylvania residents participating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27.
Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Days, total. .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 25.
809 thousand
807 thousand
422 thousand
200 thousand
9.6 million
8.4 million
3.1 million
4.2 million
Wildlife Watchers
Wildlife-Watching Participants in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 24.
Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Pennsylvania
(State residents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Feed wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Observe wildlife. .
Photograph wildlife. .
Maintain natural areas. .
Maintain plantings. .
Visit parks and natural areas. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 27.
3.6 million
3.2 million
809 thousand
3.2 million
2.4 million
2.4 million
1.0 million
410 thousand
300 thousand
471 thousand12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Wild Bird Observers in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Participants, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
.
Days, total. .
Around the home. .
Away from home. .
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Source: Table 29.
Wild Bird Observers
Bird watching attracted many wild­life enthusiasts in Pennsylvania. In 2011, 2.7 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A majority, 85 percent (2.3 million), observed wild birds around the home while 27 percent (728 thou­sand) took trips away from home to watch birds.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Pennsylvania
Wildlife watchers spent $1.3 billion on wildlife-watching activities in Penn­sylvania in 2011. Trip-related expen­ditures, including food and lodging ($203 million) and transportation ($58 million), amounted to $267 million. This summation comprised 21 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average of the trip-related expenditures for away-from-home participants was $329 per person in 2011.
Wildlife-watching participants spent nearly $789 million on equipment—62 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equip­ment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $314 million, 40 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $475 million—60 percent of all equip­ment costs. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but could be used in activities other than wildlife watching.
Other items purchased by wildlife-watching participants, such as maga­zines, membership dues and contribu­tions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $216 million—17 percent of all wildlife-watching expen­ditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Pennsylvania, see Table 31.
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Pennsylvania(Total: $1.3 billion)Equipment 62%Trip-related21%Other17%Away-From-Home Activity by Around-The-Home Participants(Total: 3.2 million participants)Both aroundthe homeand awayfrom homeAround the home only80%20%
2.7 million
2.3 million
728 thousand
181.4 million
176.0 million
5.4 million
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Pennsylvania
(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)
Total. .
Trip-related. .
Equipment. .
Wildlife watching. .
Auxiliary and special. .
Other. .
Source: Table 31.
$1.3 billion
$267 million
$789 million
$314 million
$475 million
$216 millionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 13
Comparing the estimates from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildlife-related recreation in the early twenty-first century in Pennsylvania. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here.
The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the esti­mates. A 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of the two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different.
The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Pennsylvania residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state esti­mates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity if U.S. residents in Pennsylvania.
The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all estimates are in 2011 dollars.
2001–2011 Comparison
Pennsylvania 2001 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2001 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Hunting
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . .. .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. .
Observers. .
Feeders. .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
1,266
1,101
NS–13
18,313
10,136
–45
$737,118
$485,490
–34
1,270
1,008
–21
$968,142
$401,294
–59
1,000
775
–23
13,955
18,247
NS31
$1,195,233
$970,598
NS–19
867
703
NS–19
$1,144,602
$942,880
NS–18
1,279
809
–37
18,990
9,554
–50
1,173
734
–37
3,371
3,228
NS–4
2,325
2,413
NS4
2,812
2,399
NS–15
$1,221,604
$1,270,888
NS4
$1,559,130
$1,002,614
NS–3614 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Pennsylvania: 2001–2011(In thousands)1,2669941,0001,0441,101775Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Pennsylvania: 2001–2011(In thousands)Around the homeAway from home2011200620012011200620013,3711,2793,5021,1683,228809Total Expenditures by Participants in Pennsylvania (In millions of 2011 dollars)AnglersHuntersWildlife Watchers2011200620017371,1951,2221,4411,7951,6104859711,271AnglersHunters
Pennsylvania 2006 and 2011 Comparison
(Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars)
2006 2011 Percent change
.
Fishing.
Anglers in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers. .
State resident anglers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Hunting
Hunters in state. .
Days in state. .
In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters. .
State resident hunters. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching
Participants in state. . .. .
Days in state. .
State resident participants. .
Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching
Total participants. .
Observers. .
Feeders. .
Wildlife-Watching Expenditures
In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers. .
Total expenditures by state residents. .
NS Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance
994
1,101
NS11
17,967
10,136
–44
$1,440,693
$485,490
–66
990
1,008
NS2
$1,813,149
$401,294
–78
1,044
775
–26
16,863
18,247
NS8
$1,795,322
$970,598
–46
933
703
–25
$1,748,008
$942,880
–46
1,168
809
–31
11,972
9,554
NS–20
1,038
734
NS–29
3,502
3,228
NS–8
2,349
2,413
NS3
2,938
2,399
NS–18
$1,609,588
$1,270,888
NS–21
$1,906,000
$1,002,614
NS–47Tables
16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Guide to Statistical Tables
Purpose and Coverage of Tables
The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A.
The tables are based on responses to the 2011 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wi­ldlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for inter­viewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include partici­pation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States.
Comparability With Previous Surveys
The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2011 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided.
Coverage of an Individual Table
Since the Survey covers many activi­ties in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indi­cates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species.
Percentages Reported in the Tables
Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories.
Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game.
When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total popu­lation who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages.
Footnotes to the Tables
Footnotes are used to clarify the infor­mation or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear:
* Estimate based on a sample size
of 10–29.
... Sample size too small to report
data reliably.
Z Less than 0.5 percent.
X Not applicable.
NA Not available.
Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently:
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
• Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and no­nresponse.
“Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 5 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and fresh­water appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all fishing” row. Simi­larly, in Table 12, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist.
“Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered volun­tarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 17
Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Pennsylvania by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of sportspersons
Number
Percent of
resident
sportspersons
Number
Percent of
nonresident sportspersons
Total sportspersons (fished or hunted). .
1,424
100
1,164
100
261
100
Total anglers. .
1,101
77
891
77
210
81
Fished only. .
649
46
465
40
185
71
Fished and hunted. . .
452
32
426
37
...
...
Total hunters. .
775
54
699
60
*76
*29
Hunted only. .
323
23
273
23
*50
*19
Hunted and fished. . .
452
32
426
37
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Pennsylvania by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
1,101
100
10,136
100
7,794
100
Total, all freshwater. .
904
82
9,294
92
7,794
100
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
874
79
8,906
88
7,620
98
Great Lakes. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Saltwater. .
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
775
100
18,247
100
22,364
100
Big game. .
755
97
17,389
95
20,696
93
Small game. .
*204
*26
*1,152
*6
*1,118
*5
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and hunters, trips and
days of participation
Activity in Pennsylvania
Activity by Pennsylvania residents in United States
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Total, in state of residence and in other states
In state of
residence
In other states
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total anglers. .
1,101
100
891
81
210
19
1,008
100
891
88
*311
*31
Total trips. .
7,794
100
6,409
82
1,385
18
7,765
100
6,409
83
*1,356
*17
Total days of fishing. .
10,136
100
8,364
83
1,772
17
9,896
100
8,364
85
*1,562
*16
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
(X)
9
(X)
8
(X)
10
(X)
9
(X)
*5
(X)
HUNTING
Total hunters. .
775
100
699
90
*76
*10
703
100
699
99
...
...
Total trips. .
22,364
100
22,053
99
*311
*1
22,095
100
22,053
100
...
...
Total days of hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18,247
100
17,648
97
*598
*3
17,826
100
17,648
99
...
...
Average days of hunting. .
24
(X)
25
(X)
*8
(X)
25
(X)
25
(X)
...
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 4. Pennsylvania Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Place fished or hunted
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all places. .
1,008
100
703
100
In-state only. .
693
69
680
97
In-state and other states. .
...
...
...
...
In other states only. .
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 5. Pennsylvania Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting
Participants
Days of participation
Trips
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
FISHING
Total, all fishing. .
1,008
100
9,896
100
7,765
100
Total, all freshwater. .
774
77
7,734
78
6,608
85
Freshwater
, except Great Lakes. .
760
75
7,655
77
6,451
83
Great Lakes. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Saltwater. .
*240
*24
*1,229
*12
*1,157
*15
HUNTING
Total, all hunting. .
703
100
17,826
100
22,095
100
Big game. .
690
98
16,992
95
20,470
93
Small game. .
*177
*25
*1,094
*6
*1,079
*5
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 19
Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Pennsylvania
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total anglers. .
874
100
695
80
179
20
Total trips. .
7,620
100
6,263
82
1,357
18
Total days of fishing. .
8,906
100
7,335
82
1,572
18
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
(X)
11
(X)
9
(X)
ANGLERS
Total, all types of water. .
874
100
695
80
179
20
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
653
100
535
82
*118
*18
Rivers or streams. .
.. 405
100
314
78
*91
*22
DAYS
Total, all types of water. .
8,906
100
7,335
82
1,572
18
Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs. .
4,676
100
3,829
82
*848
*18
Rivers or streams. .
.. 4,496
100
3,845
86
*651
*14
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Pennsylvania
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total types
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish. .
874
100
100
695
80
179
20
Crappie. .
*36
*4
*100
...
...
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*248
*28
*100
*208
*84
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Black bass. .
509
58
100
*418
*82
*91
*18
Catfish, bullheads. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
*62
*7
*100
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trout. .
412
47
100
*314
*76
*97
*24
Salmon. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*63
*7
*100
...
...
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish. .
8,906
100
100
7,335
82
1,572
18
Crappie. .
*685
*8
*100
...
...
...
...
Panfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*1,635
*18
*100
*1,500
*92
...
...
White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Black bass. .
3,200
36
100
*2,587
*81
*614
*19
Catfish, bullheads. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
*598
*7
*100
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Trout. .
4,527
51
100
*3,763
*83
*764
*17
Salmon. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*460
*5
*100
...
...
...
...
Other freshwater fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers, trips, and days of fishing
Activity in Pennsylvania
Total, state residents and nonresi­dents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total anglers. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total trips. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total days. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
(X)
...
(X)
...
(X)
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania by Type of Fish: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Anglers and days of fishing
Activity in Pennsylvania
Total, state residents and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent of total types
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
Number
Percent of anglers/days
ANGLERS
Total, all types of fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Perch. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Black bass. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Salmon. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Lake trout. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other trout. .
.. ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other Great Lakes fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Perch. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Black bass. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Walleye, sauger. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Salmon. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Steelhead. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Lake trout. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other trout. .
.. ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Anything1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other Great Lakes fish. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified “Anything” from a list of categories of fish.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 21
Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.
Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Pennsylvania by Type of Fish: 2011
This table does not apply to this state.22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Pennsylvania by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters, trips, and days of hunting
Activity in Pennsylvania
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all hunting. .
775
100
699
90
*76
*10
Big game. .
755
100
690
91
*65
*9
Small game. .
*204
*100
*177
*87
...
...
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
TRIPS
Total, all hunting. .
22,364
100
22,053
99
*311
*1
Big game. .
20,696
100
20,428
99
*268
*1
Small game. .
*1,118
*100
*1,079
*97
...
...
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
DAYS
Total, all hunting. .
18,247
100
17,648
97
*598
*3
Big game. .
17,389
100
16,814
97
*575
*3
Small game. .
*1,152
*100
*1,094
*95
...
...
Migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other animals. .
...
...
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Pennsylvania by Type of Game: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of game
Hunters, state residents and nonresidents
Days of hunting
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, all types of game. .
775
100
18,247
100
Big game, total. .
755
97
17,389
95
Deer. .
714
92
15,245
84
Elk. .
...
...
...
...
Bear. .
*85
*11
*233
*1
W
ild turkey. .
234
30
1,663
9
Other big game. .
...
...
...
...
Small game, total. .
*204
*26
*1,152
*6
Rabbit, hare. .
*57
*7
*584
*3
Quail. .
...
...
...
...
Grouse/prairie chicken. .
*64
*8
*253
*1
Squirrel. .
*137
*18
*854
*5
Pheasant. .
...
...
...
...
Other small game. .
...
...
...
...
Migratory birds, total. .
...
...
...
...
W
aterfowl. .
...
...
...
...
Geese. .
...
...
...
...
Ducks. .
...
...
...
...
Doves. .
...
...
...
...
Other migratory birds. .
...
...
...
...
Other animals, total1. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 23
Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Pennsylvania by Type of Land: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Hunters and days of hunting
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
HUNTERS
Total, all types of land. .
775
100
699
100
*76
*100
Public land, total. .
266
34
*236
*34
...
...
Public land only. .
*115
*15
...
...
...
...
Public and private land. .
*152
*20
*138
*20
...
...
Private land, total. .
620
80
564
81
*56
*74
Private land only. .
468
60
425
61
*43
*57
Private and public land. .
*152
*20
*138
*20
...
...
DAYS
Total, all types of land. .
18,247
100
17,648
100
*598
*100
Public land1. .
3,219
18
*2,976
*17
...
...
Private land2. .
14,335
79
13,943
79
*392
*66
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land.
2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Pennsylvania Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Sportspersons
(fished or hunted)
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
of
sports-
persons
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of anglers
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent of
hunters
Total persons. .
10,036
100
1,277
13
100
1,008
10
100
703
7
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
7,203
72
707
10
55
620
9
61
*293
*4
*42
Rural. .
2,834
28
570
20
45
389
14
39
410
14
58
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
9,592
96
1,108
12
87
901
9
89
570
6
81
1,000,000 or more. .
4,743
47
541
11
42
*467
*10
*46
*245
*5
*35
250,000 to 999,999. .
3,203
32
*219
*7
*17
*198
*6
*20
*73
*2
*10
50,000 to 249,999. .
1,646
16
347
21
27
*236
*14
*23
*252
*15
*36
Outside MSA. .
444
4
*169
*38
*13
*107
*24
*11
*133
*30
*19
Sex
Male. .
4,795
48
1,097
23
86
853
18
85
624
13
89
Female. .
5,242
52
*180
*3
*14
*156
*3
*15
...
...
...
Age
16 to 17 years. .
447
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
1,485
15
*102
*7
*8
...
...
...
...
...
...
25 to 34 years. .
1,234
12
*143
*12
*11
*112
*9
*11
...
...
...
35 to 44 years. .
1,577
16
*257
*16
*20
*203
*13
*20
*169
*11
*24
45 to 54 years. .
2,169
22
283
13
22
*219
*10
*22
*233
*11
*33
55 to 64 years. .
1,455
14
*259
*18
*20
*182
*12
*18
*94
*6
*13
65 years and older. .
1,670
17
*139
*8
*11
...
...
...
...
...
...
65 to 74 years. .
1,049
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
75 and older. .
622
6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
*548
*5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
9,489
95
1,277
13
100
1,008
11
100
703
7
100
Race
White. .
8,422
84
1,152
14
90
893
11
89
688
8
98
African American. .
778
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
836
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
673
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$20,000 to $29,999. .
1,047
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$30,000 to $39,999. .
959
10
*179
*19
*14
*125
*13
*12
*145
*15
*21
$40,000 to $49,999. .
871
9
*128
*15
*10
...
...
...
...
...
...
$50,000 to $74,999. .
1,433
14
345
24
27
*299
*21
*30
*160
*11
*23
$75,000 to $99,999. .
723
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$100,000 to $149,999. .
1,173
12
*264
*23
*21
*217
*19
*22
*177
*15
*25
$150,000 or more. .
976
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Not reported. .
2,183
22
*83
*4
*6
*60
*3
*6
*52
*2
*7
Education
11 years or less. .
1,268
13
*147
*12
*12
*124
*10
*12
...
...
...
12 years. .
4,084
41
500
12
39
336
8
33
339
8
48
1 to 3 years of college. .
1,801
18
*299
*17
*23
*262
*15
*26
*123
*7
*18
4 years or more of college. .
2,884
29
*331
*11
*26
*286
*10
*28
*194
*7
*28
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 25
Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
1,523,089
1,604
950
1,020
Food and lodging. .
138,239
1,093
126
97
Transportation. .
181,989
1,100
165
128
Other trip costs2. .
80,993
982
82
57
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
448,231
1,086
413
288
Auxiliary equipment3. .
148,611
570
261
96
Special equipment4. .
*213,608
*122
*1,757
*139
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*11,547
*217
*53
*8
Membership dues and contributions. .
*22,113
*218
*102
*13
Other5. .
277,757
967
287
194
FISHING
Total. .
485,490
1,055
460
409
Food and lodging. .
76,705
737
104
70
Transportation. .
83,154
697
119
76
Other trip costs2. .
68,651
826
83
62
Fishing equipment. .
114,099
685
167
90
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*12,696
*92
*137
...
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
...
...
...
...
Membership dues and contributions. .
*4,569
*141
*32
...
Other5. .
57,968
518
112
52
HUNTING
Total. .
970,598
828
1,172
1,207
Food and lodging. .
61,534
579
106
79
Transportation. .
98,835
652
152
128
Other trip costs2. .
*12,342
*185
*67
*16
Hunting equipment. .
319,457
609
525
375
Auxiliary equipment3. .
100,525
310
324
*122
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*6,794
*77
*88
...
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
219,789
670
328
283
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
*48,623
*208
*234
*32
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair
of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
angler (dollars)1
ALL FISHING
Total. .
422,390
1,004
421
355
Food and lodging. .
76,705
737
104
70
Transportation. .
83,154
697
119
76
Other trip costs. .
68,651
826
83
62
Equipment. .
193,879
694
279
147
ALL FRESHWATER
Total. .
347,592
941
369
308
Food and lodging. .
76,705
737
104
70
Transportation. .
83,154
697
119
76
Other trip costs. .
68,651
826
83
62
Equipment. .
119,082
459
260
100
FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES
Total. .
327,274
892
367
294
Food and lodging. .
72,839
694
105
66
Transportation. .
78,147
649
120
71
Other trip costs. .
63,039
783
80
57
Equipment. .
113,250
442
256
100
GREAT LAKES
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
SALTWATER
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
… Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 27
Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per
type of hunter
(dollars)1
ALL HUNTING
Total. .
736,375
783
940
906
Food and lodging. .
61,534
579
106
79
Transportation. .
98,835
652
152
128
Other trip costs. .
*12,342
*185
*67
*16
Equipment. .
563,664
643
876
683
BIG GAME
Total. .
569,638
742
767
717
Food and lodging. .
55,367
572
97
71
Transportation. .
91,114
628
145
118
Other trip costs. .
*8,334
*174
*48
*11
Equipment. .
414,822
514
807
517
SMALL GAME
Total. .
*29,027
*195
*149
*116
Food and lodging. .
*4,807
*125
*38
*20
Transportation. .
*3,766
*98
*38
*16
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
OTHER ANIMALS
Total. .
...
...
...
...
Food and lodging. .
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 19. Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Average
per angler
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of anglers
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
485,490
409
1,055
96
460
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
228,510
208
882
80
259
Food and lodging, total. .
76,705
70
737
67
104
Food. .
61,197
56
737
67
83
Lodging. .
*15,507
*14
*88
*8
*177
Transportation. .
83,154
76
697
63
119
Other trip costs, total. .
68,651
62
826
75
83
Privilege and other fees2. .
*31,305
*28
*231
*21
*136
Boating costs3. .
*8,184
*7
*68
*6
*120
Bait. .
20,935
19
725
66
29
Ice. .
6,274
6
263
24
24
Heating and cooking fuel. .
*1,953
*2
*74
*7
*26
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR FISHING
Fishing equipment, total. .
114,099
90
685
62
167
Reels, rods, and rod-making components. .
46,244
*35
261
24
177
Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.. .
28,635
23
639
58
45
Artificial lures and flies. .
23,072
19
478
43
48
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks. .
*1,325
*1
*117
*11
*11
Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers. .
*2,361
*2
*136
*12
*17
Other fishing equipment4. .
*12,462
*11
*201
*18
*62
Auxiliary equipment5. .
*12,696
...
*92
*8
*137
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other fishing costs7. .
63,100
55
678
62
93
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use.
3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment,
processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 29
Table 20. Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures
Spenders
Amount (thousands
of dollars)
Average
per hunter
(dollars)1
Number
(thousands)
Percent of hunters
Average per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .. .
970,598
1,207
828
107
1,172
TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES
Total trip-related. .
172,710
223
675
87
256
Food and lodging, total. .
61,534
79
579
75
106
Food. .
58,078
75
579
75
100
Lodging. .
...
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
98,835
128
652
84
152
Other trip costs, total. .
*12,342
*16
*185
*24
*67
Privilege and other fees2. .
*9,867
*13
*149
*19
*66
Boating costs3. .
...
...
...
...
...
Heating and cooking fuel. .
*2,419
*3
*40
*5
*61
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING
Hunting equipment, total. .
319,457
375
609
79
525
Firearms. .
*189,146
*234
*163
*21
*1,161
Ammunition. .
31,639
38
383
49
83
Other hunting equipment4. .
98,673
103
429
55
230
Auxiliary equipment5. .
100,525
*122
310
40
324
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
...
Other hunting costs7. .
234,223
301
689
89
340
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment.
3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery
equipment, and other hunting equipment.
5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of
equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans,
travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included.30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Pennsylvania for Fishing and Hunting by Pennsylvania Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average per sportsperson
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
1,211,672
1,514
800
1,564
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
424,710
1,022
416
355
Food and lodging. .
76,705
737
104
70
Transportation. .
83,154
697
119
76
Boating costs2. .
*8,184
*68
*120
*7
Other trip costs3. .
60,467
821
74
55
Equipment. .
196,199
713
275
147
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
751,880
837
898
906
Food and lodging. .
61,534
579
106
79
Transportation. .
98,835
652
152
128
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*12,286
*185
*66
*16
Equipment. .
579,169
697
831
683
Unspecified equipment4. .
*35,082
*181
*194
...
STATE RESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
966,875
1,144
845
1,383
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
277,562
774
359
304
Food and lodging. .
37,804
560
67
42
Transportation. .
54,013
513
105
61
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
33,098
652
51
37
Equipment. .
149,206
598
249
160
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
657,772
679
969
939
Food and lodging. .
43,796
517
85
63
Transportation. .
83,652
577
145
120
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
*8,103
*166
*49
*12
Equipment. .
522,221
598
873
745
Unspecified equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
NONRESIDENTS
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. . .. .
244,796
369
663
3,223
Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. .
147,147
248
593
569
Food and lodging. .
38,901
176
220
185
Transportation. .
29,142
185
158
139
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
27,369
169
162
130
Equipment. .
*46,993
*114
*411
*92
Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. .
94,107
158
595
*598
Food and lodging. .
*17,738
*62
*288
*234
Transportation. .
*15,182
*75
*202
*200
Boating costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Other trip costs3. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment. .
56,948
98
578
...
Unspecified equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel.
3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil.
4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 31
Table 22. Summary of Pennsylvania Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Pennsylvania: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands
of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per sportsperson
(dollars)1
FISHING AND HUNTING
Total. .
1,391,457
1,253
1,110
1,090
Food and lodging. .
110,836
937
118
87
Transportation. .
148,880
925
161
117
Other trip costs2. .
80,004
881
91
63
Equipment (fishing, hunting). .
435,785
947
460
341
Auxiliary equipment3. .
161,305
590
273
126
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*13,608
*245
*56
*11
Membership dues and contributions. .
*19,194
*205
*94
*15
Other5. .
225,555
821
275
177
FISHING
Total. .
401,294
849
473
398
Food and lodging. .
67,040
628
107
66
Transportation. .
70,281
579
121
70
Other trip costs2. .
71,901
743
97
71
Fishing equipment. .
111,062
631
176
110
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*13,551
*100
*136
*13
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
...
...
...
...
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
14,988
431
35
15
HUNTING
Total. .
942,880
687
1,373
1,341
Food and lodging. .
43,796
517
85
62
Transportation. .
78,599
577
136
112
Other trip costs2. .
*8,103
*166
*49
*12
Hunting equipment. .
323,151
542
596
460
Auxiliary equipment3. .
*119,055
*354
*337
*169
Special equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
...
...
...
...
Membership dues and contributions. .
...
...
...
...
Other5. .
210,566
602
350
300
UNSPECIFIED6
Total. .
*45,310
*211
*215
*35
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).
3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and
repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles,
pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only).
6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Pennsylvania Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average per
spender (dollars)1
Average per
sportsperson
(dollars)1
IN PENNSYLVANIA
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
1,207,208
1,214
994
848
Trip-related expenditures. .
263,908
1,050
251
185
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
377,416
926
408
265
Auxiliary equipment2. .
129,262
501
258
91
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
240,333
929
259
169
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
292,911
806
363
266
Trip-related expenditures. .
128,356
687
187
117
Fishing equipment. .
89,002
588
151
81
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
15,480
541
29
14
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
867,477
683
1,270
1,119
Trip-related expenditures. .
135,551
600
226
175
Hunting equipment. .
286,947
537
534
370
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*90,256
*279
*323
*116
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
211,041
614
344
272
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
*44,953
*181
*249
*32
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total. .
265,551
1,048
253
186
Trip-related expenditures. .
*157,115
*308
*510
*110
Equipment (fishing and hunting). .
*58,369
*947
*62
*41
Auxiliary equipment2. .
*32,044
*590
*54
*22
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
*18,024
*392
*46
*13
Expenditures for fishing, total. .
*137,080
*687
*200
*124
Trip-related expenditures. .
*109,562
*304
*361
*99
Fishing equipment. .
...
...
...
...
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
...
...
...
...
Expenditures for hunting, total. .
*128,264
*613
*209
*166
Trip-related expenditures. .
...
...
...
...
Hunting equipment. .
*36,204
*542
*67
*47
Auxiliary equipment2. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment3. .
...
...
...
...
Other4. .
...
...
...
...
Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total5. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders,
maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.
3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes,
house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and
plantings.
5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 33
Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
3,598
100
Away from home. .
809
22
Observe wildlife. .
807
22
Photograph wildlife. .
422
12
Feed wildlife. .
*200
*6
Around the home. .
3,228
90
Observe wildlife. .
2,413
67
Photograph wildlife. .
1,034
29
Feed wildlife. .
2,399
67
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
*471
*13
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
*600
*17
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in
Pennsylvania: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants, trips, and days of participation
Activity in Pennsylvania
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
PARTICIPANTS
Total participants. .
809
100
*502
*100
307
100
Observe wildlife. .
807
100
*502
*100
305
99
Photograph wildlife. .
422
52
*191
*38
*231
*75
Feed wildlife. .
*200
*25
...
...
...
...
TRIPS
Total Trips. .
8,381
100
*6,638
*100
1,743
100
Average days per trip. .
1
(X)
*1
(X)
1
(X)
DAYS
Total days. .
9,554
100
*7,217
*100
2,337
100
Observing wildlife. .
8,382
88
*6,162
*85
2,220
95
Photographing wildlife. .
3,103
32
*2,250
*31
*853
*37
Feeding wildlife. .
*4,244
*44
...
...
...
...
Average days per participant. .
12
(X)
*14
(X)
8
(X)
Observing wildlife. .
10
(X)
*12
(X)
7
(X)
Photographing wildlife. .
7
(X)
*12
(X)
*4
(X)
Feeding wildlife. .
*21
(X)
...
(X)
...
(X)
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Pennsylvania: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total all wildlife. .
809
100
*502
*62
307
38
Total birds. .
730
100
*426
*58
304
42
Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). .
609
100
*335
*55
274
45
Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.). .
345
100
*189
*55
*156
*45
Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
483
100
*318
*66
*165
*34
Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.). .
*238
*100
...
...
*115
*48
Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.). .
*179
*100
*125
*70
*54
*30
Total land mammals. .
442
100
*208
*47
235
53
Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.). .
293
100
*159
*54
*134
*46
Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.). .
356
100
*148
*41
*208
*59
Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.). .
.. *224
*100
...
...
*53
*24
Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.). .
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.). .
*282
*100
*166
*59
*116
*41
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Pennsylvania: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Around the home
Participants
Number
Percent
Total around-the-home participants. .
3,228
100
Observe wildlife. .
2,413
75
Visit parks and natural areas1. .
*471
*15
Photograph wildlife. .
1,034
32
Feed wildlife. .
2,399
74
Maintain natural areas. .
*410
*13
Maintain plantings. .
*300
*9
Participants Observing Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
2,413
100
Birds. .
2,292
95
Land mammals. .
1,858
77
Large mammals. .
1,647
68
Small mammals. .
1,541
64
Amphibians or reptiles. .
*416
*17
Insects or spiders. .
*768
*32
Fish and other wildlife. .
...
...
Total, 1 day or more. .
2,413
100
1 to 10 days. .
*561
*23
1
1 to 50 days. .
*1,032
*43
51 to 200 days. .
*465
*19
201 days or more. .
*318
*13
Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas1
Total, 1 day or more. .
*471
*100
1 to 5 days. .
...
...
6 to 10 days. .
...
...
1
1 days or more. .
...
...
Participants Photographing Wildlife
Total, 1 day or more. .
1,034
100
1 to 3 days. .
*187
*18
4 to 10 days. .
*451
*44
1
1 or more days. .
*388
*38
Participants Feeding Wildlife
Total, all wildlife. .
2,399
100
W
ild birds. .
2,209
92
Other wildlife. .
*637
*27
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 35
Table 28. Pennsylvania Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Number
Percent of participants
Percent of population
Total participants. .
3,329
100
33
Away from home. .
734
22
7
Around the home. .
3,228
97
32
Observe wildlife. .
2,413
72
24
Photograph wildlife. .
1,034
31
10
Feed wild birds or other wildlife. .
2,399
72
24
Maintain plantings or natural areas. .
*600
*18
*6
V
isit parks or natural areas1. .
*471
*14
*5
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column
showing percent of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.
Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Observers and days of observation
Total, state residents
and nonresidents
State residents
Nonresidents
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
OBSERVERS
Total bird observers. .
2,699
100
2,397
100
302
100
Around-the-home observers. .
2,292
85
2,292
96
(X)
(X)
Away-from-home observers. .
728
27
*426
*18
302
100
DAYS
Total days observing birds. . .. .
181,377
100
179,164
100
2,213
100
Around the home. .
176,019
97
176,019
98
(X)
(X)
Away from home. .
5,359
3
*3,145
*2
2,213
100
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Pennsylvania Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Population
Participants
Total
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Number
Percent who par­ticipated
Percent
Total persons. .
10,036
100
3,329
33
100
734
7
100
3,228
32
100
Population Density of Residence
Urban. .
7,203
72
1,648
23
50
*353
*5
*48
1,631
23
51
Rural. .
2,834
28
1,681
59
50
*382
*13
*52
1,597
56
49
Population Size of Residence
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). .
9,592
96
3,174
33
95
*683
*7
*93
3,118
33
97
1,000,000 or more. .
4,743
47
1,072
23
32
...
...
...
1,063
22
33
250,000 to 999,999. .
3,203
32
1,383
43
42
...
...
...
1,383
43
43
50,000 to 249,999. .
1,646
16
720
44
22
*171
*10
*23
672
41
21
Outside MSA. .
444
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Sex
Male. .
4,795
48
1,444
30
43
*414
*9
*56
1,358
28
42
Female. .
5,242
52
1,885
36
57
*321
*6
*44
1,869
36
58
Age
16 to 17 years. .
447
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18 to 24 years. .
1,485
15
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
25 to 34 years. .
1,234
12
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
35 to 44 years. .
1,577
16
*730
*46
*22
...
...
...
*636
*40
*20
45 to 54 years. .
2,169
22
*513
*24
*15
...
...
...
*513
*24
*16
55 to 64 years. .
1,455
14
*705
*48
*21
...
...
...
*698
*48
*22
65 years and older. .
1,670
17
675
40
20
...
...
...
675
40
21
65 to 74 years. .
1,049
10
*408
*39
*12
...
...
...
*408
*39
*13
75 and older. .
622
6
*268
*43
*8
...
...
...
*268
*43
*8
Ethnicity
Hispanic. .
*548
*5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Non-Hispanic. .
9,489
95
3,329
35
100
734
8
100
3,228
34
100
Race
White. .
8,422
84
3,006
36
90
734
9
100
2,905
34
90
African American. .
778
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
All others. .
836
8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Annual Household Income
Less than $20,000. .
673
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$20,000 to $29,999. .
1,047
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$30,000 to $39,999. .
959
10
*616
*64
*19
...
...
...
*616
*64
*19
$40,000 to $49,999. .
871
9
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
$50,000 to $74,999. .
1,433
14
*752
*52
*23
*292
*20
*40
*659
*46
*20
$75,000 to $99,999. .
723
7
*306
*42
*9
...
...
...
*306
*42
*9
$100,000 to $149,999. .
1,173
12
*359
*31
*11
...
...
...
*359
*31
*11
$150,000 or more. .
976
10
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Not reported. .
2,183
22
*395
*18
*12
...
...
...
*386
*18
*12
Education
11 years or less. .
1,268
13
*455
*36
*14
...
...
...
*455
*36
*14
12 years. .
4,084
41
1,117
27
34
...
...
...
1,109
27
34
1 to 3 years of college. .
1,801
18
*465
*26
*14
...
...
...
*419
*23
*13
4 years or more of college .
2,884
29
1,291
45
39
*517
*18
*70
1,245
43
39
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 37
Table 31. Expenditures in Pennsylvania by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of wildlife-watching participants2
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
1,270,888
308
2,570
71
494
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
266,669
329
757
94
352
Food and lodging. .
203,405
252
623
77
327
Food. .
167,143
207
623
77
268
Lodging. .
*36,262
*45
*127
*16
*286
Transportation. .
58,372
71
720
89
81
Other trip costs3. .
...
...
...
...
...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
1,004,219
234
2,254
63
446
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
314,038
72
2,063
57
152
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
...
...
...
...
...
Film and photo processing. .
...
...
...
...
...
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic
equipment, including memory cards. .
*53,200
*14
*220
*6
*241
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
*23,529
*5
*255
*7
*92
Bird food. .
138,993
32
1,426
40
97
Food for other wildlife. .
*41,418
*5
*451
*13
*92
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
24,643
6
820
23
30
Other equipment (including field guides). .
...
...
...
...
...
Auxiliary equipment4. .
*67,809
...
*207
*6
*327
Special equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*10,639
*3
*169
*5
*63
Membership dues and contributions. .
*24,015
*6
*314
*9
*76
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
*31,192
*9
*293
*8
*106
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Pennsylvania for Wildlife Watching by Pennsylvania Residents and Nonresidents: 2011
(Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
1,055,256
2,484
425
259
Food and lodging. .
203,405
623
327
252
Transportation. .
58,372
720
81
71
Other trip costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment3. .
788,587
2,153
366
185
STATE RESIDENTS
Total. .
709,227
1,976
359
215
Food and lodging. .
*20,339
*378
*54
*41
Transportation. .
*27,901
*439
*64
*54
Other trip costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment3. .
659,780
1,884
350
200
NONRESIDENTS
Total. .
346,029
509
680
726
Food and lodging. .
183,067
244
749
597
Transportation. .
30,471
281
108
99
Other trip costs2. .
...
...
...
...
Equipment3. .
128,807
269
479
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 39
Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Pennsylvania by Pennsylvania Residents: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item
Expenditures (thousands
of dollars)
Average per
participant
(dollars)1
Spenders
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
wildlife-watching participants2
Average per spender (dollars)1
Total, all items. . .
1,002,614
301
2,020
61
496
TRIP EXPENDITURES
Total, trip-related. .
*86,767
*118
*493
*67
*176
Food and lodging. .
*42,106
*57
*446
*61
*94
Food. .
*30,327
*41
*446
*61
*68
Lodging. .
...
...
...
...
...
Transportation. .
*41,518
*57
*476
*65
*87
Other trip costs3. .
...
...
...
...
...
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES
Total. .
915,847
275
1,943
58
471
Wildlife-watching equipment, total. .
301,729
91
1,853
56
163
Binoculars, spotting scopes. .
...
...
...
...
...
Film and photo processing. .
...
...
...
...
...
Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other
photographic equipment, including memory cards. .
*68,622
*21
*201
*6
*342
Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing. .
*23,937
*7
*269
*8
*89
Bird food. .
118,329
36
1,325
40
89
Food for other wildlife. .
*18,310
*6
*364
*11
*50
Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. .
30,777
9
802
24
38
Other equipment. .
...
...
...
...
...
Auxiliary equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
...
Special equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
...
Magazines, books, and DVDs. .
*11,348
*3
*158
*5
*72
Membership dues and contributions. .
*24,095
*7
*317
*10
*76
Land leasing and ownership. .
...
...
...
...
...
Plantings. .
*31,192
*9
*293
*9
*106
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of
wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Pennsylvania Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure Item
Amount
(thousands of dollars)
Spenders
(thousands)
Average
per spender
(dollars)1
Average
per participant
(dollars)1
IN PENNSYLVANIA
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
886,428
2,020
439
269
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. *49,447
*455
*109
*98
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
254,648
1,813
140
77
Auxiliary equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
*177,201
*532
*333
*54
OUT OF STATE
Expenditures for wildlife watching, total2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*115,850
*299
*388
...
Trip-related expenditures3. .
.. ...
...
...
...
Wildlife-watching equipment4. .
...
...
...
...
Auxiliary equipment5. .
...
...
...
...
Special equipment6. .
...
...
...
...
Other7. .
...
...
...
...
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. … Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably.
1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.
2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both
away-from-home and around-the-home participants.
3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.
4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and
packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment.
5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.
6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers,
recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Table 35. Participation of Pennsylvania Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Participants
Total wildlife watchers
Wildife-watching activity
Away from home
Around the home
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total participants. .
3,329
100
734
100
3,228
100
Wildlife-watching participants who:
Did not fish or hunt. .
2,786
84
*548
*75
2,777
86
Fished or hunted. .
543
16
*186
*25
451
14
Fished. .
449
13
*146
*20
367
11
Hunted. .
302
9
*153
*21
221
7
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 41
Table 36. Participation of Pennsylvania Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011
(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons
Sportspersons
Anglers
Hunters
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total sportspersons. .
1,277
100
1,008
100
703
100
Sportspersons who:
Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities. .
734
57
560
55
401
57
Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. .
543
43
449
45
302
43
A
way from home. .
*186
*15
*146
*14
*153
*22
Around the home. .
451
35
367
36
221
31
* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
State reports for previous Surveys included tables that had estimates for all fifty states. In order to expedite release of the 2011 Pennsylvania State report, state estimates have been deleted. To find state estimates other than Pennsylvania, go to http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/Subpages/NationalSurvey/reports2011
.html. State reports are being released alphabetically, beginning in early 2013.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 43
Appendix A
44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
Annual household income—Total 2011 income of household members before taxes and other deductions.
Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and natural areas to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife.
Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlife-watching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. For both sportspersons and wildlife watchers, it also includes electronic auxiliary equipment such as Global Positioning Systems.
Away-from-home wildlife watching—Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquar­iums, and museums are not included.
Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted.
Census Divisions
East North Central
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
East South Central
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Mountain
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
New England
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Pacific
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
South Atlantic
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
West Virginia
West North Central
Kansas
Iowa
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Day—Any part of a day spent partici­pating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the after­noon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting.
Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college.
Expenditures—Money spent in 2011 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books, magazines, and DVDs; membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning; hunting and fishing licenses; and plant­ings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by partici­pants for themselves and the value of gifts they received.
Appendix A.
DefinitionsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania 45
Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing.
Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing:
Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components
Lines and leaders
Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines
Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits
Tackle boxes
Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks
Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers
Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices
Ice fishing equipment
Other fishing equipment
Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams.
Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon.
Home—The starting point of a wild­life-related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin.
Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with fire­arms or archery equipment.
Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting:
Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns
Archery equipment
Telescopic sights
Decoys and game calls
Ammunition
Hand loading equipment
Hunting dogs and associated costs
Other hunting equipment
Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it.
Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environ­ment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)—A Metropolitan Statis­tical Area is a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. The “Outside MSA” classification include census-defined Micropolitan Statistical Areas (or Micro areas). A Micro area is defined as a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhab­itants. Refer to <www.census.gov
/population/metro/about/>, for a more detailed definition of the Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted.
Multiple responses—The term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, for example, total participants is the sum of male and female partici­pants, because “male” and “female” are mutually exclusive categories.
Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California.
Nonresponse—A term used to reflect the fact that some Survey respondents provide incomplete sets of informa­tion. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Total hunting expen­diture estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts.
Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fish or other wildlife.
Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, alligators, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classified as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classified as unprotected or preda­tory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classified as “other animals” in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game.
Participants—Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or a wildlife-watching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, fished, or wildlife watched in 2011 to be considered a participant.
Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.”
Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure.
Private land—Land owned by a busi­ness, nongovernmental organization, private individual, or a group of indi­viduals such as an association or club.
Public land—Land that is owned by local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds),
46 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Pennsylvania U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
State governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or the federal government (such as National Forests, Recreational Areas, and Wild­life Refuges).
Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For examp